Modern people evaluate him as an outstanding politician, strategist, diplomat, writer, calligrapher and inventor. This kind of evaluation, except for "inventors", can be used on the heads of most ancient people.
He is not only a historical figure, but also the embodiment of wisdom. Because he is known as a wise man in the traditional culture of China.
Zhuge Liang has actually become China's "symbol of the wise".
His boss, A Dou, became a symbol of stupidity and a gray background against the wise.
Zhuge Liang is aloof and independent, bearing the good wishes of future generations.
This is an extremely unfair evaluation of historical figures.
Zhuge Liang is actually-
A historical figure with high evaluation but little achievement!
High evaluation, first Liu Chan chased him as a loyal minister marquis, but was sealed; In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he was posthumously named King Wuxing. Although Zhuge Liang became a prince, he should not be very famous in history, because there were many people who sealed the prince in history, and most of them were unknown. Only Zhuge Liang is famous in the world, of course, it is not an official role, but mainly the role played by the romance of the Three Kingdoms. The evaluation of historical figures in novels has a much greater impact on later generations than that in official history, just as today's TV dramas have a much greater impact on later generations than novels and official history.
As far as Zhuge Liang's achievements are concerned, there are-
1, and Liu Bei's decision in Longzhong.
Battle of Red Cliffs defeated Cao Cao.
3. Assist Liu Bei to establish Shu Han.
4. Cao Wei Northern Expedition
Of these four achievements, the first one should not count. Not only can it not be counted as an achievement, but it should also be counted as a defect (which will be mentioned later). The second grade doesn't count. Battle of Red Cliffs's head coach is Zhou Yu, who consumed Wu Dong's war materials and resources. Before Zhuge Liang went to Wu Dong, Zhou Yu had already decided on the main battle. At best, Zhuge Liang played the role of beating gongs and drums and borrowing arrows to borrow the east wind. Nothing was supported by Zhuge Liang's camp and did not play a key role.
Zhou Yu
Dongwu only engaged in a united front in front of the powerful Cao Wei clique. Therefore, the contribution of this campaign can only be counted on Zhou Yu of Soochow.
The third achievement was Zhuge Liang, because it was not Zhuge Liang who took the lead in establishing Shu Han, but Fa Zheng. Fa Zheng was originally a subordinate of Liu Zhang. When Liu Bei surrounded the capital, he persuaded Liu Zhang to surrender. Later, he and Liu Bei made progress in Hanzhong and put forward a plan to behead Cao Cao's general Xia. The law is just and ingenious, which won Liu Bei's trust and respect.
The fourth achievement, Cao Wei's Northern Expedition, was simply a mistake!
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Zhuge Liang made many strategic and major mistakes-
The first mistake: Shu's strategy of attacking Wu was very poor.
Shu formulated the national policy of uniting Wu to resist Wei, because Wei is stronger than Wu and Shu. Uniting the weak against the strong is a precedent in China's classical political history, the most famous of which is Zhao, Wei and Han in the Spring and Autumn Period in Historical Records. At that time, the most powerful were the wise men, Zhao Wei and Han Wei. Among Zhao, Wei and Han, Zhao is the strongest. The wise family wants to destroy the Zhao family and lead Wei and Han families to attack the Zhao family. When the Zhao family was about to perish, Wei Han suddenly defected, and the three families joined hands to destroy the wise family, because they knew that if the Zhao family perished, they would be the next to perish.
It is impossible for Zhuge Liang not to know this historical allusion. Liu Bei was confused for a moment, but Zhuge Liang should not be confused, and Shu defeated Wu. The obvious consequence is that snipes and mussels compete for the benefit of fishermen. Zhuge Liang didn't convince Liu Bei. Even if you can't stop it, try to go out with Liu Bei. Although you can't win Wu Dong, at least don't lose so badly. The Shu army was burned for 700 Li, and the Shu kingdom was badly hurt, which was completely inconsistent with the original intention of Longzhong. Zhuge Liang should be mainly responsible for this.
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The second mistake: I don't know anyone, and I don't have the talent of a defender.
It is manifested in two critical moments. One is not to use it indiscriminately. Of course, it was Ma Su's misuse that led to the fall of the street pavilion, which was the only favorable situation for the Northern Expedition. In fact, as early as when Liu Bei entrusted his orphan to Baidicheng, he told him that Ma Su was exaggerating and could not be of great use, but he just wouldn't listen, which eventually led to serious mistakes.
Wei Yan
The second key time is whether to use it or not. After the death of Guan and Cao Cao's fierce generals, Wei Yan was already one of the best and should be well deserved. However, he could not make Wei Yan play a role. Since Zhuge Liang is still alive, I dare you not to oppose him. Why can't you let go? Wei Yan came up with a good idea: go out of the meridian valley and take Xuchang lightly. Even if you don't believe Wei Yan, wouldn't it be the same to send another general to help Wei Yan?
The third mistake: six out of Lushan, nine out of Lushan; Labor and wealth are wasted, and Shu is poor.
Before Sima Yi was reused by Emperor Cao Wei, if Wei Yan's plan had been followed, Xuchang would have been captured and seized the world. However, due to Zhuge Liang's own personality, he was too cautious to take risks and lost the best opportunity to attack Wei.
In the late period of the Shu-Wei War, Wei was strong and Shu was weak, so we must use clever tactics to defeat the strong with the weak, and it is absolutely impossible to win. Zhuge Liang missed the opportunity. After Sima Yi was reused, this loophole has been closed and the only chance of winning has been lost. Because of the geographical gap, Wei is stronger than Shu. At this time, the most important thing is to recharge your batteries. However, Zhuge Liang overreached himself and left Qishan six times, wasting people and money. Jiang Wei made no achievements, inherited the wrong route, went northward alone, and cut the Central Plains nine times, consuming the national treasury.
Although Zhuge Liang fulfilled his promise in "Long Zhong Dui", this promise was flawed from the beginning. For example, "Jingzhou is ruled by Han in the north, Bashu in the east and Bashu in the west. This place can be used, but its owner can't keep it; Almost a general with such a gift from heaven, is the general interested? Yizhou is in danger, fertile land is thousands of miles away, and the land of abundance, so Gaozu became an emperor ... The world has changed, and a general will be ordered to send Jingzhou soldiers to Wan and Luo, and the general will lead Yizhou people out of Qinchuan. Do the people have no food to see the king? "
Jiang Wei
He and Jiang Wei went out to Qishan many times, but the world did not "change", but their own quick success.
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The fourth mistake: the strict standards of employing people and the neglect of training make Sichuan's talents scarce.
One of Zhuge Liang's biggest shortcomings is that he is hands-on, monopolizing power, taking it lightly and employing harsh people. One is to let Liu Chan do nothing all day, just doing entertainment. Liu Chan is not a simple person. Think about it. He was not killed after Wei was arrested. Such wisdom is rare in history. How many kings in history were not killed?
Shan Liu
Even though he is running the country, Liu Chan is not an idle man. He is in the high position of the emperor, and he can't put pressure on Zhuge Liang to have a relaxed governance environment. Moreover, Zhuge Liang did not bully the monarch like Sima Yi. This kind of wisdom is by no means comparable to ordinary people. A good leader should be good at employing people, not capable everywhere. Didn't Liu Chan inherit the strengths of his father Liu Bei? At the same time, it can be regarded as the genetic inheritance of ancestor Liu Bang: I can't do it myself, but I can make the people who do it use it for me.
Zhuge Liang, on the other hand, has no such advantage. Under the influence of his bad way of employing people, there is a growing shortage of talents in Shu, so that there is a saying that there is no general in Shu, and Liao Hua is the pioneer!
Liao Hua
Zhuge Liang is not only the four major mistakes, but also others, so I won't list them one by one.
With these four major mistakes, he is not worthy of the title of "wisdom".
Therefore, some people say: Zhuge Liang has no great talent, only the wisdom of great men!
This evaluation has some truth.