Han Xiu, a famous figure in Tang Dynasty, was buried with his wife Liu. Fortunately, it was found in Xi, Shaanxi. Many precious cultural relics in the tomb have been rediscovered, and many murals in the tomb are exquisite, which provides the most valuable physical research materials for the painting history of the Tang Dynasty and China, and its value is immeasurable.
Han Xiu, a famous figure in the Tang Dynasty, lived in Xiangguo for some time. Although less than a year, his honest and clean story has spread all over the world. Sima Guang, a historian of the Song Dynasty, has a section on "Taking Han Xiu as Prime Minister" in "A Mirror of Capitalism and Tongzhi", which is specially introduced, showing its importance. The full text is as follows:
Tang Xuanzong, supplemented by Han Xiu, was the same as Pingzhang. Don't be steep, don't share weal and woe, and be a good friend before you can look forward to it. It's a bit bad to go to the palace or have fun hunting in the backyard, so it's necessary to say, "Do you know Han Xiu?" At the end of the speech, the suggestion came. When he tasted the mirror, he was silent and unhappy. He said to the left and right, "Han Xiu is a physiognomy, and your majesty is extremely thin. Why not drive it away? " He sighed. "Although I look thin, the world will be fat. Xiao Song often plays things according to his purpose, and I get restless as soon as I retire. Han Xiu always tries to retire, and my sleep is safe. I use Han Xiu for my country's ears, not for my body.
This passage, translated into vernacular Chinese, is roughly like this:
Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty appointed Han Xiu as assistant minister and fellow officer. Han Xiu is strict and straightforward, and does not involve fame and fortune. When he became prime minister, what he did was very popular with the people. At first, Song thought Han Xiu was indifferent and easy to control, so he introduced him to Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. When * * * happened, Han Xiu kept the right path and didn't flatter him. Song gradually disliked him. Song Jing lamented: "I didn't expect Han Xiu to be so capable!" Tang Xuanzong sometimes ate and drank in the palace or hunted and played in the garden. Occasionally, I overdo it and say to people around me, "Does Han Xiu know?" As soon as the words were finished, the exhortation document was handed over. Tang Xuanzong often kept silent in front of the mirror. People around you said, "After Han Xiu became the Prime Minister, your majesty's appearance was much thinner than before. Why not fire him? " Tang Xuanzong sighed and said, "Although my appearance is thin, the world must be much richer. Xiao Song often tells things according to his will. After he retired, I couldn't sleep well. Han Xiu often argued. I slept soundly after I left. I appointed Han Xiu for the country, not for myself. "
Han Xiu was appointed by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and Han Xiu was highly valued, attaching importance to Han Xiu's suggestion. A confession by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty: "I use Han Xiu for my country's ears, not for my body", which shows that Han Xiu's position in his mind is so important that he is called "the minister of the country", which is a much-told story for a monarch and a minister to govern the country.
Han Xiu, the prime minister, is famous for his daring to speak. Han family, honest family style, poetry and calligraphy handed down from generation to generation, honest and clean. Han Kun, the son of Han Xiu, later became the prime minister and inherited his father's character. His painting attainments are profound. His masterpiece "Five Cattle Map" is one of the top ten famous paintings handed down from generation to generation in China, and he is also a master of painting in the history of Chinese painting.
Han Xiu's great-granddaughter, Han Yun's granddaughter, married Liu Gongchu, the elder brother of Liu Gongquan, a famous calligraphy master in the Tang Dynasty, but little is known. This Korean lady was honored as "Liu Mu" by later generations. She teaches her children well and is as famous as Meng Mu. Liu, the husband of Han Xiu's great-granddaughter, was a famous official in the Tang Dynasty, who became a minister in the Ministry of War. He died as a gift to Prince Taibao. Liu Gongzhuo's calligraphy is also very famous. The inscriptions handed down from ancient times include the temple tablet of Zhuge Wuhou, the prime minister of Shu. Because he co-wrote articles with Prime Minister Pei Du and carved them by famous craftsman LuJian, he was praised as "Three Monuments" by later generations, which shows his great influence!
Han Xiu's great-granddaughter and Mrs. Han's "Liu Mu" both know how to teach children. For the sake of her son, she studied energetically until late at night. She made powders and pills from Sophora flavescens, Coptis chinensis and bear bile, and put them in her mouth to refresh herself. The idiom "Liu Mu and Maru" is a dictionary of literature and history. It is recorded in the Biography of Liu Zhongying in the New Tang Dynasty: "Jiaozi" and "Jiaozi": "Ying was eager to learn when she was young, and her mother Han used bear gall to make meatballs at night to refresh herself." Another note: "mother Korea, that is, high women." She is good at training children, so Zhong Ying likes studying. Taste the bear gall pill, so that you can swallow it at night and help you. " In the Yuan Dynasty, Hu Bingwen wrote a book "Pure Seeking", including a section "Liu Qin and Xiong", which recorded: "Gong Zhuo, his wife Han, is the great-grandson of Xiang Guoxiu. The family law is serious, and powder, Sophora flavescens, coptis chinensis, bear gall and Hehe pills are often used to make all the scholars study all night, including them, to study diligently. "
Under her strict instruction, Liu Zhongying, Liu Xie, Liu Kai and other descendants have all become famous Confucian scholars with far-reaching influence. In particular, Liu De, written by her grandson Liu Xie, is as famous as Yan Jiaxun, and is a model for scholar-bureaucrat families to compete for primary school. Liu Xie wrote to his grandmother in Liu De: "Grandma Mrs. Han, the great-grandson of Xiang Guoxiu, the eldest grandson of Xiang Guoyun, and Zhen's eldest daughter. Family law is serious and frugal, which is a model of gentry. I have been in my home for three years, no matter how long. When Zhen Gong was a policeman in the province, he slapped him in Xiangyang first, and often wore plain silk instead of brocade. Gong Zhen has a house at home. Every time he makes a pilgrimage, he takes a bamboo bag instead of gold jade, followed by Tsing Yi. Gong Zhen lamented the frugality of the royal family. Always order powder of Sophora flavescens, Coptis chinensis, Bear Gallbladder and Peace Pills, and give them to the first male and uncle, and learn them every night to be diligent. "
Coincidentally, the epitaph of Han Xiu's great-grandson Han Fu was also unearthed in Xi 'an. The author of the epitaph is Liu Gongquan. According to the epitaph, Liu Gongquan's cousin married Han Hun, the grandson of Han Xiu and the father of Han Fu, so Liu Gongquan signed it as "cousin".
According to the investigation, Han Xiu once wrote the Epitaph of Liu Fujun, the founder of Zhuguohe East County, for Liu Ru, which is still intact. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, both "eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties", can be said to be "friends who never turn against each other". They must have such a "family friend" relationship, and they are closer!
It can be seen that Han and Liu are both famous families, known as family style, and they have been married for generations. I hope to explore the tombs of Han Xiu and his wife Liu, the epitaph of Han Fu, and the epitaph of Han Fu. , will be beneficial to the excavation of the tomb owner's life story and the study of Han and Liu family culture!
Appendix:
The tomb of the delegation of the Han clan association pays homage to the ancestors, cherishes the memory of the clan and discusses the protection of cultural relics.
A few days ago, under the leadership of Han Bangtai, executive president, and Han, executive vice president, a delegation of the World Han Clan Association, composed of representatives from Beijing, Shandong, Hubei, Jiangsu and Shaanxi, came to guo zhuang cun, Dazhao Sub-district Office, Chang 'an District, Shaanxi Province, to pay homage to Han Bian's ancestors and remember Han Xiu, a famous figure in the Tang Dynasty.
Liu, an archaeologist of the Provincial Institute of Archaeology and the head of the rescue and protection project of Hanxiu Tomb, said that the discovery of Hanxiu Tomb was related to the case of Jingling Shijie, a national treasure recovered from the United States in 20 10. Vencent Yang, the principal offender of this case, should be responsible for this crime. Experts later found photos of tomb murals on their mobile hard drives, including those of Han Xiu. So Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology and Shaanxi Museum of History jointly formed an archaeological team to carry out rescue excavation. Among them, a landscape mural in Han Xiu's tomb is well preserved and priceless, which is the only landscape mural (2.2 meters high and 2 meters wide) found in the tomb of the Tang Dynasty. This painting is a pavilion in the mountain.
Han Xiu's tomb faces south, with a total length of 40.6 meters from north to south. The tomb is about 1 1 meter deep from the ground. The whole tomb structure consists of a pyramid-shaped mound, five holes, five patios, six niches, a tunnel, a tomb and a coffin bed.
We walked down the long inclined pyramid-shaped mound, which was relatively narrow. In order to prevent the pyramid-shaped mound from collapsing, archaeologists reinforced it. The pyramid-shaped mound is inclined, and six symmetrical niches are found along both sides of the pyramid-shaped mound. Unfortunately, about 1000 cultural relics were destroyed or stolen by grave robbers. There are murals painted on both sides, mainly the pictures of ladies in the Tang Dynasty, and also the pictures of eunuchs carrying boxes. Han Xiu and his wife Liu Ye are buried here. The relatively intact murals have been moved to the Institute of Cultural Relics as a whole, leaving only fragments of brick beds on the ground.
After going deep into the cemetery, the clansmen first held a three-bow ceremony, including local cultural relics workers, An Daily reporter, Liu Zhe, a representative of the Liu family, and Liu Yuqiao, a calligrapher descended from Liu Gongquan. After visiting the ancient tomb in Han Xiu, we braved the rare drizzle in winter and returned to Xi 'an. Members of the Han clan put forward their own opinions and suggestions on how to ask local governments to protect ancestral graves and restore precious cultural relics in the next step, and will form a written report and report it to local governments at all levels.