0 1 Dumugen Qingming
Du Mu's famous poem Qingming is well known to all children. But idle guest, you said that this poem is also a fake Tang poem, and my young mind was really hurt ten thousand times. What are we doing? The baby is not calm. Don't worry, please take your time.
main reason
Chen Yinque (1890- 1969), the late master of Chinese studies, pointed out in his masterpiece Bai Yuan's Poems as Evidence of History that the origin of the poem Qingming is unknown: "This poem was included in the abridged version of Thousand Poems of Ming Dynasty, which is a textbook taught by Sancun and one of the most widely circulated anthologies of Tang poetry for hundreds of years. If it comes from, it is extremely suspicious. " Subsequently, some scholars demonstrated from many aspects:
In Du Mu's early anthology, this poem was not included in Fan Chuanji compiled by nephew Pei, nor was it included in Fan Chuanji and Fan Chuanji compiled in the Northern Song Dynasty. Later, the poem "Qingming Festival" appeared in Fan Chuan's "Continued Bie Ji", and all the poems in it were written by Xu Hun. Fan Bie Ji was copied by the Southern Song Dynasty, with many errors, which were denied by famous poets and scholars such as Liu Kezhuang and Hong Mai at that time. During these hundreds of years, no one has ever mentioned that this poem belongs to Du Mu.
The earliest source of Qingming can be found in Splendid Flower Valley compiled by Xiaozong in the Southern Song Dynasty. The book Postscript records the Qingming Festival with a small note "Tang Poetry" under "Village Xinghua Village", but it is neither named by Du Mu nor titled Qingming Festival. Du Mu became the author of Tomb-Sweeping Day, which was first published in Selected Poems of a Thousand Scholars in Tang and Song Dynasties. The editor of the old book title of this collection of poems is Liu Kezhuang, a famous poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. There are 13 poems about Qingming and cold food in the preselection collection Seasonal Climate Gate, the first of which is Qingming by Du Mu.
The Complete Tang Poetry contains many poems by Du Mu, but it does not include Qingming, which has great influence. The Complete Tang Poetry was compiled by Cao Yin and others during the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. Since the Song Dynasty, Qingming has had a wide influence. If it is Du Mu's work, it is impossible not to be included in the book, which shows that the Qing people already think that the author of Qingming is not Du Mu.
Then who is the real author of this poem? Someone suggested that it was Xu Hun. If it is Xu Hun, a late Tang poet, then this poem is still a serious Tang poem. It has also been suggested that the author of Tomb-Sweeping Day may be Song Qi, a poet of the Northern Song Dynasty. In this way, Qingming became the Song Dynasty.
Generally speaking, Tomb-Sweeping Day was written by Du Mu, but there is no conclusive evidence that there is another person, so it is better to name it Du Mu first.
Zhang Xu Taohuaxi
Zhang Xu is a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, famous for his cursive script, and also known as "drunkard" with Huai Su. This poem Peach Blossom Creek has become a well-known masterpiece since it was selected as "300 Tang Poems" by a retired scholar in Qing Dynasty. However, Professor Mo Lifeng of Nanjing University thinks that the real author of this poem is not Zhang Xu in the Tang Dynasty, but Cai Xiang in the Northern Song Dynasty.
main reason
Ten thousand Tang Poems compiled by Hong Mai in the Southern Song Dynasty included three poems by Zhang Xu, including this poem Peach Blossom Creek. The problem is that Zhang Xu's Peach Blossom Creek disappeared in all the documents of the Tang Dynasty, and also disappeared in the documents of the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty. That was before the Southern Song Dynasty, when Zhang Xu lived. For hundreds of years, no one had ever mentioned or seen this poem, and there was never a book about it. It first appeared in the mid-Southern Song Dynasty, and appeared in Ten Thousand Tang Poems edited by Hong Mai. It has been hundreds of years since Zhang Xu lived. The bigger problem is that, thirty years before Hong Mai compiled 10,000 Tang Poems, this poem had been unambiguously incorporated into the anthology of Cai Xiang in the Northern Song Dynasty.
As a matter of fact, this poem is mainly based on Ten Thousand Poems of Tang Dynasty and Collected Works of Cai Xiang, which has been noticed by later generations. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, some scholars pointed out that these poems were mistakenly included in Tang poems by insatiable Hong Mai (it turns out that there are many mistakes and omissions in Ten Thousand Tang Poems).
Why did Hong Mai mistake Cai Xiang's poem for Zhang Xu's name? One guess is that Cai Xiang collected Mo Bao in Zhang Xu before his death, and Cai Xiang wrote his own poems behind Zhang Xu's works. Later, Hong Mai saw Zhang Xu's original works collected by the Imperial Palace and Zhang Xu's original works collected by Cai Xiang. Because of poor textual research, Zhang and Cai's original works and Tang Dynasty retired scholars compiled 300 Tang Poems, but there was no textual research, which led to the emergence of Song poetry.
The title of Tang Wenru is Cao Qinghu in Longyang County.
This poem is included in Volume 772 of The Whole Tang Poetry, titled "Caoqinghu Lake in Longyang County", written by Tang Wenru, and "can be tested in a peerless place". People have always regarded it as a Tang poem. However, according to the textual research of Mr. Chen Yongzheng of Sun Yat-sen University, this poem was written by Yuan people.
main reason
Tang Wen's poems, like his own, are not recorded in the relevant records of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Even Ten Thousand Poems of Tang Poetry compiled by Hong Mai, a famous poet of the Song Dynasty, are not included in the King James Version and the edited versions of Zhao Huanguang and Huang Xiyuan. There is no trace of this poem in many anthologies of Tang poetry from Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty.
The earliest collection of poems in the Tang Dynasty was "Elegance Collection" compiled by Lai Liang in the Yuan Dynasty, named "Crossing Dongting", which was written in the Tang Dynasty. In the author's biography, the words are warm and will be remembered. According to the Summary of the General Contents of Sikuquanshu, Lai Liang, a native of Tiantai, Zhejiang Province, "recorded the poems at the end of the Yuan Dynasty in all the books", "selected them carefully" and "was a good book". Finally, Teacher Chen came to the following conclusion: "Tang Wenru, a celebrity, was born in Huiji (Shaoxing), Zhejiang. Poet at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. The original name of the poem "Longyang Caoqinghu" is "Crossing Dongting". It is wrong to include this poem in the whole Tang poetry. "
It can be seen that this poem is a real "fake Tang poem".
Si Kongtu's Twenty-four Poems (Choose the Fourth Poem)
Strictly speaking, Twenty-four Poems is a work of literary theory and belongs to the category of literary criticism. But it has a feature that it is a beautiful poem in itself.
main reason
Professor Chen of Fudan University points out that Twenty-four Poems is not a Four Empty Pictures, but a fake of the Ming Dynasty. The breaking of this article has aroused great repercussions in the academic circles. The reason is that no one has ever mentioned this article in any works from Tu to Ming Dynasty, but in Ming Dynasty, Tu suddenly appeared as the author, which is extremely difficult to understand. Generally speaking, everything that has been verified by philology is extremely reliable. Therefore, Professor Chen's article has at least gained a firm foothold in the dimension of "breaking".
Embarrassed, many scholars engaged in literary research eat this bowl of rice. Professor Chen's point of view is equivalent to overturning their lifelong research. If his theory is established, the history of China literature, literary criticism and even aesthetics will be rewritten. So some people choose to kill and deny it. No way, in the case that the real author or author's age can't be found in the literature, the university textbook chose to temporarily shelve the dispute and register it under the name of Si Kongtu, so as not to die so ugly, and I hope that the latecomers will discuss it further.
On the other hand, even though Twenty-four Poems is not the work of Si Kongtu, it is still one of the most important expositions in China's literary aesthetics (especially poetics).
label
The poems listed above are all well-known poems. The reasons for the author's controversy are similar. Generally speaking, this kind of textual research by means of philology is extremely reliable. Except for Tang Wenru, he can be sure that he is from Yuan Dynasty, the authors of other poems can only be said to be controversial. It is also expected that future generations will find more reliable information and determine the true owners of these poems.
In addition, there are many controversial famous authors of Tang poetry. Mr. Tong Peiji, a professor at Henan University, wrote a book "Mistaken Collection of All Tang Poems", which has a detailed and special discussion, and those who are interested can consult it themselves.
Extra: Tang poems disputed by other authors.