First, on the basis of being familiar with the original text, think deeply and imagine reasonably. Because the expansion is based on the original text, the main characters and events have been determined, and we can't make up the process without the original text, let alone change the central idea of the original text. Therefore, when expanding writing, we should first be familiar with the content of the original text. On this basis, we can closely follow the central idea of the original text, grasp the main plot, think deeply about the places where the original text is not clear or not specific enough, ask more "how" and make reasonable imagination to enrich the content of the article.
Second, the expanded article is more specific, vivid and vivid than the original. In order to make the article more concrete, vivid and vivid, it is generally necessary to change the narrative of the original text into description. Can increase the description of the environment and the description of the appearance, manner, movement and psychological activities of the characters. You can also add some details according to your own imagination, and you can also add some discussion or lyric content appropriately.
Third, we should prevent the content from being crammed or the language from being repeated because of the need to lengthen the space. At the same time, when writing, you can regenerate the branches of the original text and generate new branches. However, the backbone of the original text generally does not need to be moved, so as not to change the original intention and lose the meaning of expansion.
For example, the development of "The Mantis Catching Cicada" can describe the detailed process of mantis catching cicada in detail, personify the animals and make the movements vivid. The key is to write a good psychological description of mantis. If you write a good article, you will be able to shine and deepen the theme of the article. Expanding writing requires expanding imagination, being good at digging and expanding capacity. A common problem of primary school students' composition is that their ideas are not broad and their methods are single, and they are often finished in a few words from one direction, one angle and one level. Therefore, we should make great efforts to clarify our thinking and describe it. (1) Read the original text and make sure that the development of the central idea can't be separated from the meaning of the question and the main content and central idea of the original text, and start a new stove. Therefore, it is necessary to guide students to carefully analyze the requirements of the topic and the materials provided: whether to remember people or write scenery. On the basis of clarifying the basic elements and main contents, grasp the central idea of the material and take it as the central idea of the expanded text. (2) Divide the levels of the original text and determine the focus of expansion, which is paragraph expansion or article expansion. It should be divided into levels in a certain order as the basis for expanding paragraphs, and pay attention to key levels. Let the students understand that the expansion of the original text is not to be carried out everywhere, but to determine the focus of the expansion according to the central content. For example, on Sunday, Xiaoming went to Xinhua Bookstore to buy Modern Chinese Dictionary. Unfortunately, however, Xiao Ming was very anxious just after reading the book. Aunt Liu, the shop assistant, asked Xiaoming to leave her address, saying that she would look for it in the warehouse and inform Xiaoming if there was any. In the evening, it began to rain heavily. Aunt Liu sent a modern Chinese dictionary to Xiaoming's family, and Xiaoming was very moved. There are two related things in the material: one is that Xiaoming went to the bookstore to buy books, and the other is that Aunt Liu came to deliver books. This article mainly praised Aunt Liu's painstaking efforts and excellent quality of serving readers wholeheartedly. Therefore, the focus of expansion should be "Aunt Liu delivers books in the rain". (3) Expand imagination, learn to describe and determine the center, level and expansion point of the original text, and then expand imagination. Generally, the expanded materials are general, so students should be inspired to integrate their daily experiences and feelings into the expanded content based on the central idea of the original text, and associate relevant plots or details according to their own life experiences. When expanding writing, students can be guided to grasp key words and key sentences, and narrate or describe them by decomposing or asking questions. When writing things, we should fully develop the main plot and write out the cause and effect, development and changes; When writing a character, we should express the character characteristics by describing the appearance, manner, language, action and psychology of the character. When writing a scene, we should grasp the shape, state, color and sound of the scene to describe it in detail and express the characteristics of the object.
2. Materials used to expand the composition and provide articles.
In the big forest by the sea, there lived a female monkey. Mother monkey has three children. The boss told the monkey to be obedient and honest; The second child is a monkey, smart and thinking. The third child is a girl. Her name is Monkey Beauty, and she is very beautiful. One day, the mother monkey called her three children and gave them 100 yuan each, telling them to leave home and live independently to see who could live a rich life. Ask students to expand their imagination, write stories in detail, and draw up their own topics.
Integrated navigation
Expand your imagination according to the story provided, make the story concrete and vivid, and write the result clearly. Can be carried out according to the following steps.
1) the personality characteristics of the characters, to analyze and scrutinize everything they have done, the eldest monkey obeys, and maybe do something big with the 100 yuan given by the monkey mother; The second monkey is smart and loves to use his brain. He may work miracles with 100 yuan given by his mother. The third monkey is very beautiful. Because of the love of beauty, maybe in a few days, the 100 yuan given by my mother will be spent, and even she herself will wander around ... students can make up more wonderful stories without restraint.
2) Although it is an article that unfolds a story, it cannot be imagined aimlessly. It is better to take real life as the prototype and write around a certain center, which will be more reasonable.
3) Details, pay attention to the cohesion between paragraphs. Because this article wants us to imagine what the three children of the monkey mother did respectively. Therefore, it is up to us to decide who should focus on everything according to the need of expressing the central idea. After determining the priorities, we should also pay attention to the cohesion between paragraphs, that is, we should make a good transition between paragraphs to make the article organized and more story-telling.
Student example
Three monkeys broke into the sky.
150024 Harbin No.3 Power Generation Co., Ltd. Grade 4: Zhang Yi
In the big forest by the sea, there lived a female monkey. Mother monkey has three children. The boss told the monkey to be obedient and honest; The second child is a monkey, smart and thinking. The third child is a girl. Her name is Monkey Beauty, and she is very beautiful.
One day, the mother monkey called three children to her side and gave them one hundred yuan each to leave home and live independently to see who could live a rich life. The three children listened to their mother's thoughts. The boss looks happy, the second is happy, and the third is a little unhappy. She doesn't want to leave her mother.
Under the persuasion of the monkey mother, there was no way, so the three children had to leave home with the 100 yuan given by their mother and live independently.
The monkey rented a house after he left home. After a while, the money my mother gave me was almost spent, so I thought, if this continues, I will become poor, and I should find a job. So he got a job as a postman. Because he is honest and dutiful, he does whatever the boss tells him to do, so the boss likes him very much and has been giving him a promotion and a raise. Finally, the boss retired. He became a boss and lived a rich life.
But the second is not as lucky as the boss. Just one hundred miles out of the house, I met a mountain thief, and one hundred yuan was robbed. Along the way, he had to beg for some food. When he arrived in the county seat, he happened to meet his brother, borrowed some money, opened a restaurant and started a small business. At first, the business was not bad, and I could earn more than 1000 a month. But then a big fire destroyed his restaurant, and he managed to escape from it. Looking at the burnt-out restaurant in front of him, he could hardly live.
The third monkey beautiful first used this 100 yuan to buy a lot of brand-name cosmetics and rented a house. After more than a month, the money has been spent. She feels too tired from work and stays at home every day. When she was hungry, she begged for food.
A year later, the three children returned to the monkey mother one after another, and the boss held a thick stack of RMB in his hand; There are only a few thousand dollars left in the old second hand; There is nothing in the third hand. The money of Big Brother and Second Brother is earned by hard-working hands. But the third one is poor because he only knows how to dress himself and doesn't know how to work. Hey, remember: there is no pie in the sky.
3. According to the materials, choose an angle to write a composition, which cannot be continued, expanded or rewritten. The topic is self-determined. A middle school student is always troubled by low grades. One day after dinner, his father accompanied him into a tall building. His illness made him climb to the top of the building step by step along the stairs. Looking at the charming night scene at the foot, my father said, "There is no elevator on the way to study and live. You can only see it if you climb to the top step by step." Later, through unremitting efforts, he became a student with excellent academic performance.
Baidu knows >; Education/Science >; ; Learning assistance is added to the search to be solved.
According to the materials, choose an angle to write a composition, which cannot be continued, expanded or rewritten. The topic is self-determined, not less than 600 words.
Reward score: 10- 14 days 18 hours before the question ends.
A middle school student is always troubled by poor grades. One day after dinner, his father accompanied him into a tall building, and his illness made him climb up the stairs to the top step by step. Looking at the charming night scene at the foot, my father said, "There is no elevator on the road of study and life. Only by climbing to the top step by step can we see the most magnificent scenery." The child had an epiphany. Later, through unremitting efforts, he became a student with excellent academic performance.
Questioner: Li Mengyang-intern level.
Let me answer:
A middle school student is always troubled by poor grades. One day after dinner, his father accompanied him into a tall building, and his illness made him climb up the stairs to the top step by step. Looking at the charming night scene at the foot, my father said, "There is no elevator on the road of study and life. Only by climbing to the top step by step can we see the most magnificent scenery." The child had an epiphany. Later, through unremitting efforts, he became a student with excellent academic performance.
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4. Material composition One afternoon after school, I was doing my homework at home when it suddenly turned cloudy.
I looked out through the glass, the sky was gloomy and low, and the drizzle was getting denser and denser. A gust of wind blew and the wires on the road made a "whirring" sound.
It was getting darker and darker, and then it began to rain cats and dogs, and it fell to the ground. I can't help thinking of my mother. She didn't bring an umbrella to work.
I quickly picked up my mother's rain boots and held an umbrella to pick her up. I walked to the 1 bus stop against the cold wind and the dense rain.
The pedestrians on the road are sparse, and occasionally the horns of several cars "beep" break the silence of rainy days. Just arrived at the station, there happened to be a 1 bus coming, and I was extremely happy.
When I stopped, I stared at everyone who got off the bus, but I was disappointed. There was no mother in the crowd, so I had to stand there in frustration. The wind blows harder and harder, and it rains harder and harder. I feel cold and my teeth are chattering.
I thought to myself: alas! What happened? Mom hasn't come back yet. Maybe she worked overtime again! It may take a long time! Why don't you go back? It's so cold here! But on second thought, my mother works very hard during the day, but she is very busy when she comes home at night, and she can't finish the housework ... She usually takes care of me in every way. I did a trivial thing for my mother today, and it's not worth it to give up halfway.
I decided to wait, one car, two cars, I waited for several cars in a row, but I still couldn't see my mother's shadow ... It was getting dark. Finally, I look forward to another 1 bus.
I rubbed my eyes hard and my heart was beating violently, for fear of not having a mother. The car stopped and I stared at the door.
Suddenly, a familiar figure appeared in the crowd, "Ah! It's mom! " I shouted "Mom" excitedly! Mom was surprised at first. When she saw it was me, she immediately smiled. When she saw the dripping water from my raincoat, her face turned red with cold and she knew that I had been waiting for a long time.
Mother's eyes sparkled with tears of excitement. I rushed over, opened my umbrella, tiptoed to protect my mother from the rain, and said coquetry, "Mom, why are you back!" " "My mother held me in her arms and said sadly," Good boy, it's cold. It's just a little late at the factory today. Let's hurry home! ""At this moment, the rain has abated, and a cool breeze is blowing head-on.
Suddenly I feel so cold, but my heart is warm.
It's not easy to say no. When the storm suddenly struck, Song Qing did not say "no" easily, but straightened his back even more; When the cold north wind began to wreak havoc, plum blossoms did not say "no" easily, but spit out wisps of fragrance; When life suddenly stirs up ripples and blows the tide, we may have been confused, confused and worried, but please remember: don't say "no" easily, we can't overwhelm ourselves before the wind and rain blow us down.
Don't say "no" easily, no matter how hard your body is hit. I have always admired Sima Qian, who dared to squeeze through the crowd in the hall and said "no" to many ministers and emperors. He always believed that Li Ling would not betray the Han Dynasty, so he defended him confidently. Although he offended Long Yan, his body was devastated and his spirit was depressed, he didn't say "no" easily. Instead, I chose to hold a heavy iron pen and write on the edge of the book case. Finally, in his hands, he completed a masterpiece of "connecting the past and the present, making a family statement". As a result, his deeds went down in history, and his name remained for thousands of years. People remember his heroic spirit of not easily saying "no" under physical and mental blows. ? Don't say "no" easily, even if it was once prosperous. I can't forget the history of the Qing dynasty, which was closed to the outside world with blood. Once, we were prosperous and a world-famous commodity city; At one time, we had the wealth that many foreigners dreamed of; Once, we attracted the world's attention, and China made the world covet. But we "wisely" shut the door and locked ourselves in, thinking that China has a vast territory and everything. It is easy to say "no" to all foreign cultures and technologies, which is called foreign skills. Because we say "no" easily, we reject too many favorable things and miss too many wonderful opportunities. Therefore, in less than a few decades, we have fallen behind for more than a hundred years! Don't say "no" easily, even if you are struggling on the edge of life and death. Many people were buried in broken walls when the earthquake suddenly struck Sichuan, which is called "Land of Abundance". Life is at stake, but everyone does not say "no" easily, and still holds the greatest hope and faces it with the most optimistic attitude. Thus, the miracle of life was created. 96 hours, 129 hours, 176 hours, the longest survival time, isn't this the most convincing evidence that they can't easily say "no"? Don't say "no" easily, even on the verge of disaster or life and death, you must firmly believe that I can do it. ? Life will never be smooth sailing. Occasionally, it will be windy and rainy, but no matter when or what state, you can't say "no" easily. ? Don't say "no" easily, we will see the charm of strong will; Don't say "no" easily, we will better grasp the direction of progress; Don't say "no" easily, life can create greater miracles.
6. Enlarge the writing material. During the break, my deskmate and I were doing our homework. At this time, the cleaning staff is having a composition class.
I looked at the composition topic "Tolerance" on the blackboard with my chin in my hands, and I didn't know where to start writing. Most of the class passed, and I barely finished writing the outline; Glancing at my deskmate, he has made a draft and is copying it into the composition book one by one.
Class is over, and the students on duty have already started cleaning. Suddenly, a few drops of water splashed on my desk and wet my draft paper.
I immediately got angry: "Who is it? What a nuisance! " Wang Ming, a student on duty, quickly put down the basin and repeatedly said to me, "I'm sorry, I'm sorry." I really lost my mind at that time and almost yelled at him: "How could you be so careless!" " "Wang Ming, with a blank face, apologized to me and took out a pile of paper towels, carefully wiping off the water drops on the draft paper for me.
I grabbed the tissue from him and muttered angrily, "What bad luck!" " , and then clean yourself. Accidentally bumped into my deskmate's right arm, and his pen immediately drew a long black mark on the composition book, and the manuscript paper was broken.
I can't help but "plop" in my heart: it's broken. Now he can give up all his efforts and copy again. It's strange that my deskmate doesn't scold me! I stood awkwardly in front of my deskmate, dumbfounded, and at that time I didn't know what to say, just waiting for his accusation.
Unexpectedly, instead of being angry with me, my deskmate said to me generously, "Never mind, if I copy again, I will practice hard pen calligraphy." I was amused by the humorous language of my deskmate and impressed by his tolerant quality! Looking back, I said shyly to Wang Ming who was sprinkling water, "I'm sorry, I was a little impulsive just now."
Wang Ming made a mischievous face at me: "Yes-"Afterwards, I was deeply moved and wrote a paragraph neatly in my diary: to forgive others is to be kind to myself. Complaining will only be indifferent to the friendship between classmates; Tolerance, on the other hand, is like a bond, closely linking the friendship between classmates.
7. What is the material composition? Unfolded material composition refers to written material composition. That is, the questioner gives a written material and asks to write a composition based on or for this material.
The characteristics of the questions in the material composition are:
(1) The title has written materials.
(2) Candidates are required to write according to the materials, or rewrite the materials, or continue to write materials, or expand the materials, or write a review according to the materials, or write a brief comment on the "phenomena" in the materials, and the examination angles are varied.
(3) There are many forms of "topic", which can be a proposition or a free proposition; It can be semi-propositional or non-propositional (for example, it is required to write to the person who gives the material), in which the most is to give a piece of material and a proposition. There are also propositions based on the reading materials in the middle school papers as the composition materials in the examination room.
The style is relatively simple, or narrative, or argumentative, or explanatory, and the writing requirement of "unlimited style" rarely appears.
Material composition examines the ability of reading and writing. To complete the writing task, candidates have to read, analyze, refine, associate and express. From the examination point of view, it is an excellent question type, because it can avoid teachers and students guessing and betting, and it can make all candidates have evidence to tell, some people discuss and some people feel, so it is an excellent question type, but now it has begun to be ignored.
Material composition writing guidance
First, we must "read":
1 Look at the title. It is necessary to study the topic, define the scope of the exam and understand the writing requirements.
2 reading materials. Understand the content of the material roughly, understand the meaning initially, and be confident. Second, the second is "analysis":
Analysis of reading materials is an essential step, which requires careful chewing, taste, association and refining.
Because "analysis material" is a key part of material composition, the following reading methods can be adopted:
① Discovery method. Mainly used for materials with clear meaning and clear center. The goal of discovery is the central sentence of the material, the hint about the center in the title and the hint about the center in the material. After discovering these contents, we found a breakthrough, and our ideas can be based on this.
Make an idea. Mainly used for materials with a head and no tail or a tail and no head, such as continuation materials. The content of the idea, or the plot reasonably related to the material, or the discussion reasonably related to the material. The process of imagination is the divergence of thinking, so we should pay attention to the rationality of divergence.
③ induction. It is mainly used for one or more materials with clear meaning but no central sentence or prompt sentence. By summarizing its central meaning, the idea has a foothold.
(4) refining. Mainly used to compare materials with opposite meanings. Extract the intention to be expressed in the material from positive and negative contrast, contradictory opposition and right and wrong opposition, and make a basis for conception.
⑤ Extraction method. It is mainly used for multi-stage materials, extracting part of the content needed for the topic from a series of materials that coexist with each other, and cleaning up writing clues accordingly.
6 find a way. Mainly used for figurative, connotative and symbolic materials. Through repeated appreciation and comparison, the metaphorical meaning, philosophy and viewpoints of the materials are evaluated, and then their corresponding opinions are formed.
8. How to write an enlarged composition refers to a form of composition training that expands and develops rough fragments or essays without changing the basic spirit of the original text. Its purpose is to make the main content of the original text more vivid and concrete, and to make the central idea of the original text more vivid and profound.
First, read the original text carefully and grasp the main content. This is the first stage of expansion. At this stage, we can perceive the full text from multiple angles and in all directions by reading independently, listening to the teacher's explanation and consulting the materials related to the original content, so that we can have a comprehensive grasp of the original content and stimulate our interest in writing.
Second, carefully studying the original text and grasping the central idea stage requires us to find out the time, place, people, events and every detail of the article by carefully studying every sentence in the original text, and strive to introduce ourselves into the artistic conception created by the original text and touch our emotions, so as to accurately grasp the central idea of the article, thus providing the main basis for judging where it needs to be unfolded.
Third, according to the central idea, determine the content of expansion. After mastering the main content and central idea of the article, we should focus on the whole of the original text, find out the unclear, not vivid and not specific places in the original text according to the needs of expressing the central idea, ask more "why", "what" and "how", and start from these places to determine the content to be expanded.
Fourth, spread the wings of imagination and enrich the original content. The last stage, which is also the most important step, is to spread the wings of imagination and describe those rough contents and general plots in vivid language according to the needs of the main content and central idea of the article, so as to make the article full of appeal.
9. Enlarge the writing material and quickly "misunderstand"
On Sunday, I made an appointment with Wang Ning to visit my house in the afternoon. When I got home, I just waited and waited. Seeing that it's getting dark, he hasn't come to my house yet. I thought: Hum, you stood me up. It's unbelievable! I'll wait for you here. Do you think this is a joke? You have to pay the price for standing me up, saying that honesty is like Mount Tai, and I will never play with people like you who don't speak honesty again.
The next day, as soon as I came to school, Wang said to me and me, "Don't be angry about yesterday …". I looked up and glanced at him. I thought: I won't play with people like him in the future. "No, don't be angry, let me explain it to you!" "What is there to explain! I don't listen to your reasons! " I said grumpily.
I turned back to my seat and he left listlessly.
After school in the morning, he is not as loose as usual. He left school alone and we didn't notice him.
He did this every day for the next few days, and my heart was full of questions. Is he doing this to get our attention or is he angry with me? I think it's a little strange.
In class, I noticed that he was absent-minded He never raises his hand when the teacher asks him questions. I think there must be something behind him.
After school in the afternoon, I decided to follow him and see how he was. He picked up his schoolbag and hurried out of the classroom. I picked up my schoolbag and followed him secretly. He first came to the vegetable market and bought four cakes. I think I came to the market to buy cakes! Don't come a little late, the cake will be sold out? It's not that simple. I continued to follow him. Why did he go to the hospital? I am even more surprised. He walked into the hospital and into a ward. I secretly looked outside the ward. Lying in the hospital bed is Wang Ning's mother! It turned out that he hurried to take care of his mother after school every day.
Ah! I suddenly understood something in my heart. Wang Ning and his mother were surprised to see me when I walked in! I said to Wang Ning, "I don't care what happened that day, but you have to tell me what happened that day?" My mother suddenly had high blood pressure that day. I came back halfway and stood up! I said, "I'm sorry, I was wrong about you!" We are still good friends! "He said," Never mind, come and eat the cake! " "good! "I ate and ate, feel the taste of this cake sour, deeply remorse.
Since then, every day after school, we have been holding hands, shoulder to shoulder, laughing and going home. We have resumed our old laughter.