Naughty Bo came from a poor family when he was young. He wore civilian clothes all his life, and never left his body without a straw hat and sandals. "When I was young, I didn't try to study. I experienced all kinds of hardships and hardships. When I was thirteen or fourteen years old, I secretly rejoiced in the book. When I was twenty, my grandfather took me to Shouzhou, and I was able to teach the old man now, travel in the rivers and lakes, eat, and live in the world. Don’t treat each other as literate people.”
Such a “commoner” who has not read much depends on his unwavering faith, tenacious will and hard training. After he was seventeen years old, he began to support himself by engraving books. After turning 30, through the introduction of friends, I gradually met friends such as the three Mei Miao brothers in Nanjing. I looked through the rare epigraphy and stone books collected by the Mei family. I always copied every famous monument and calligraphy more than a hundred times. To this end, I worked hard from dawn to dusk and worked hard for the future. The art of seal cutting laid a solid foundation for calligraphy. Therefore, people at that time rated his four-body calligraphy as the first in the Qing Dynasty.
When he was forty-eight years old, in the autumn of the fifty-fifth year of Qianlong's reign, on Hongli's eightieth birthday, Cao Wenwen went to the capital to celebrate his birthday, and asked naughty uncle to go with him. Wearing a straw hat and straw sandals, riding a donkey alone. When he arrived in Beijing, his calligraphy was seen by calligrapher Liu Wenqing and connoisseur Lu Xixiong. They were greatly surprised and commented: "This has not been done for hundreds of years."
In the 59th year of Qianlong's reign, he was 52 years old. At that time, he returned to his hometown from Wuchang and bought 40 acres of land. The next year, he built a house and put a plaque "Tieyan Shanfang" on the front door.
He often engraved books and sold them to help the villagers. He also tried his best to help those who were too poor and could not be buried. A year before his death, he climbed Mount Tai to meet friends and compare skills. When he was 60 years old, he traveled to Jingkou, met Bao Shichen, and taught him calligraphy for three years. He also used the key points of calligraphy to say: "You can walk a horse in sparse places, do not allow ventilation in dense places, and always think of white to treat black, and strange things will come out." ”
In the year before his death at the age of 63, he still collected his disciple Cheng Heng’s shirt into the seal script "Zhang Zixi Ming". That year, I learned that there were eight steles in Jingxian County that needed to be written in large seal script, small seal script, Fenshu and Xingkai script. I accepted the invitation with great enthusiasm. Only one of the steles was written because of illness and died at home in October of the lunar calendar.
The naughty boy is a tall folk figure with a long beard floating on his chest. When he meets everyone, he has an upright personality and has no compatibility, no grace, no flattery, no tackiness. He is said to be the most upright person. A great man.
Because his ancestors came from a humble background and lived in an old and poor house, he experienced the ups and downs of the world throughout his life, living a life of "collecting woodcutters and selling cakes and bait, earning a living every day to support himself". He regarded himself as a "mountain man" and lay high in his old house in Huangjiang River, forgetting both his fame and his fame.
The era in which Nuan Bo lived was the "Qianjia Era" which can be called a prosperous period in history. However, the naughty boy wears a straw hat, wears awnings, and rides a donkey, wandering around the world's famous mountains and rivers, like a lonely floating gull among the clouds and water. His good friend Shi Lifei once sent him these two poems: "It's rare to have a mind as clear as snow, and also know that wealth and honor are floating clouds."
Naughty boy did not have Liu Yong's complaints about not being recognized for his talents, nor did he suffer from " A person who is not famous will suffer from short years." Jia Kui's ambition and enterprising spirit are not as ambitious as Li Bai's "fame flies to the sun and moon, righteousness and wind and clouds fly".
He just became indifferent and regarded everything in the world as indifferent. He was so indifferent that he was willing to be lonely and stay away from the world of mortals. I have really loved calligraphy all my life, and I can’t bear to give it up even for a day. Every morning, he grinds a plate full of ink, then swipes it around, waiting for the ink to dry before going to bed.
Back then, when he was a secret friend of Bi Yuan, the governor of Huguang, he “discussed Taoism and art with others, and he would not borrow anything from what he held, and he would wear commoner clothes and brown hats, and he would be among distinguished guests, officials, and officials. "He is like a civilian artist.
He couldn't stand the swarms of ants in the officialdom, and he didn't want to flatter the powerful. Although he is a friend of the curtain, he is also isolated - he is not suitable for that ecological environment. So, he walked away and returned to the people, adapting to the fittest. From then on, he never stayed in the officialdom again for more than sixty years in his life.
Speaking of Naughty's character, his contemporaries spoke highly of him. Some say "noble" and some say "noble".
When Nian Bo first came to the capital, people at that time regarded Weng Fanggang, a scholar in the cabinet, as the master of calligraphy. Weng Yi was arrogant for a while, but Nian Bo "does not pay attention to him alone". The domineering Weng Fanggang was extremely disparaging of naughty boy's calligraphy, but naughty boy laughed it off and said, "I don't agree with him." ——It shows its nobility.
Naughty Bo often lived in Jixianguan and got a crane. He fed it carefully and kept it in the monastery.
Unexpectedly, a certain prefect fell in love with her and took the crane away. The naughty boy was very dissatisfied and wrote a stern letter demanding repayment. It can be seen that it is noble.
"Manuscript of a Letter from Wanbaishan People to Send Cranes"
Deng Shiru, a resident of Wanbaishan Mountain, paused and took the letter as a starting point to tell the story of sending cranes. The owner of this crane has enough time to prove that he is one hundred and thirty years old and has been in the family of Gongqing for four years. According to Wanling Zhang Hanzhai Taishi Tao's "Ancient Crane Poetry", in the Jinling vassal office engraved by Sun Gong, the Prime Minister of southern Yunnan, it is stated that this crane first lived in the Jiang family in Changshu, then in the Shen family in Wuxing, and later in the Xu family in Deqing. Yuan Litang of the Ministry of Agriculture in Jingkou paid a thousand gold to hire him to the Thirty-Six Peaks Mountain Hall. There are only a handful of people who are more than 130 years old. The years before that cannot be obtained and examined. The mountain people visited Yuan Gong's house for many years. Tingji, the son of the Ministry of Agriculture, ordered He to address the mountain people and said: "This is your Lord." He said that the crane was suitable for the mountain people, so he gave it to the mountain people. The mountain people are old and gentle, so it is a good idea to have this as their wife. In the autumn of the first year of Jiaqing, a boat passed Jinling. Sun Zhongcheng was pleased with it and wanted to hire cranes from the mountain people. He also gave two gray cranes to the mountain people as gifts. This puffin is not a crane. Being a slave to a crane, the crane will not accept it. However, he carried my crane back home. The mountain folk's houses were built on the wall with many index fingers, and each inkstone had a living wife in all directions. They were afraid that the crane would be harmed by the savages, so they chose a place and sent the crane to the monk's house in Jixianguan. Although the Zen room is desolate, the trees are lush, the bamboo trees are green, the passes are dangerous, and the mountains and rocks are steep. It is the main road to Tianqu and the dragon vein of Wancheng. The monks want to rely on the power of Buddha to create and prosper it, to support the practice of Taoism and to cultivate Feng Shui. Their ambition is profound and profound. It is less than thirty miles away from the mountain dwellings. It is a common practice every month to carry grain and feed cranes. Although I am waiting for this crane, I am also hiding to wait for the monk. He called the crane to the monk and blessed him, saying: "You are a fetal bird floating on a hill, hanging on the cloud gate, fluttering its wings and flying in the sky, carrying the ambition of a man in the sky. I am afraid that you are not a poor man. You have a wandering mind, and you are also Listen to your soaring, but you can't be restrained. Now you send it to the monk to cultivate your age. The monk entrusts you with the name, and you have no intention of sending the crane to this place. There are ancient bamboo trees to provide shade; there are green lanterns of ancient Buddhas to repent; there are spiritual flags and precious canopies to provide majesty; there are Dharma seats and sutra altars to solemnize you; there are crouching lions and crouching elephants to protect you; There are mountain flowers and wild plants to soothe your steps; there are gurgling streams and springs to bathe your feathers in; there are accumulated rocks all over the mountain to be sharp, and there are moss flowers and embroidery to show off your madness. There are tall and heavy trees, which can be used to build the sky; There are hanging vines, which can be used to line up the buildings; there are the sounds of bells and drums, boring mandarins, and the ambition of the sea and the sea, the wind and the wind are as big as the blue clouds; there are the sounds of wind and rain, and the shaking of grass and trees can be heard. If you have the responsibility of guarding the herdsmen, you can lead the people. If you have the sound of mountain birds, you can help the people of the group to get along with each other, and live happily in the woods and springs. If you have the sound of horses and horses, you can admire them. On the dusty road, you are combing your feathers, straightening your head and wandering around; there are crowns and covers coming and going, and wise men and officials are resting and stopping. You can remember their Qianzhan in the wild, driving on the road, the long road is long, and the sun and the evening are getting better and better. It is clear, spacious and elegant, and it is lonely and lonely in all seasons, whether it is snow, moon, flowers, wind, clouds, sunshine, thunder and rain, you can silently accept my instructions."
He also said: "When the monk comes back, I will accompany you, and when the monk comes out, you will stay with me. The moon is white and the wind is clear. I listen to the sutra and nod my head. Don't just drink and peck, and clean the hair and feathers. The day will be too clear and the clothes will be beautiful. Why don't you ride and travel around?" It's hard to go to Yangzhou without a hundred thousand people. I live not far away, but I'm thirty miles away. If you return home, you will listen to my congratulations. Nai comforted him and said, "Come here, you will be at peace here." He then took refuge in the Buddha. Even though he takes refuge in Buddha, the crane is still the crane of the old man in the mountain. The monk planned his name, and he said: "This is a hidden object. It cannot be insulted by a few people, but only the Buddha can use it." So he changed his name to Buddha Slave. There is no better place to send a crane, and no better place to enjoy a crane. Crane, monk, and their help are Liye. The people in the mountain had no stone storage, so they used ten gold coins to help the monks build Jihe Pavilion and offer tea to travelers. Yesterday there was a drought in the autumn, but I still spent ten thousand coins to support the monks to build this east pavilion. Now I have built thousands of bamboo poles, and the Qingyin is full of seats. Today, I heard the monk say that Your Excellency Hua Cong lives here, and the crane dances below the steps, and he is celebrated as an official. He thinks that it is a sign of the first grade of the official rank, which is directed towards the future. Without checking the left and right sides, Yuan sent soldiers to restrain him and send him to the office. The monks are shouting on the road, the cranes are in trouble for the soldiers, the carriages are not greeted, but there is the humiliation of being imprisoned, and things are rewarded with blessings, how can one be so troubled despite his body? From then on, guests and friends competed with each other under the lotus curtain to enjoy the birds that were not hired by the windows, so that the monks in the cold courtyard were withered and their faces were like those of the old man on the mountain who sent the crane. The people in the mountain know that your Majesty's intentions are definitely not as good as this, but the people who are close to you are doing this to invite you. Or maybe the plum blossoms are blooming in the east pavilion, for the sake of entertainment, Zhang Qiong sings the flowers at the banquet, and orders the wine glasses to get the drunken guests. Without the white bird of Zhai, Zhai, how can it be enough to enjoy this elegant mood? Take advantage of the excitement to recruit it, and use it with all your enthusiasm, and the crane will return to the mountain people in a short time. Or when you are idle in politics, you may enjoy admiring things, be fond of people when you see things, and admire the ancient people's style of playing harp and crane, so as to encourage their integrity and illuminate the country of Anhui. The mountain people are proud to be the people under their rule. If they had it with their bare hands, could the mountain people live up to the meaning of Yuan Langzhong's gift of the crane? I am also ashamed of this crane. There was also talk from outside that the prefect had taken the title of Shanrenhe.
If you are guilty of disrespecting your dignity by wandering in the grass, then the mountain people will turn into cranes, and the cranes will turn into mountain people, without hesitation. Therefore, I have experienced the beginning and end of Chen Guhe's story, sharing the same thoughts with the monks and mountain people, and specifically describing the above story in threads, which made me extremely frightened and frightened. The mountain people paused again. He also wrote something in his own words at the end of the book: "The longevity of a crane is unknown, and the life span of a person is short, no more than a hundred years. It is a gift from the universe. This crane is sent to the ministers, to the mountain people, to the monks and Buddhas, and to the The governor, the monks and the Buddhas, the people of the mountains, and the ministers are all sent to the crane. Is the crane sent to the crane? The crane is sent to the universe. Well, what's wrong with me! I've been around for many years, and I only had this crane for a moment. When I returned, I didn't interact with the crane's spirit. I used cranes, loved cranes, and trained cranes. Congratulations to the crane, why should I forget about the crane? Although I am not disappointed with the crane, I keep the book to preserve the crane. It can be said that there is a crane but no crane, and there is a crane without a crane. , Crane, why don't we go to see the clear water and green mountains together in the dark desert? A brief collection of past events.
After sending this letter, He will be with you. companion, morning and dusk. When naughty uncle died, the crane made a sharp chirping sound, whirled for several days, disappeared into the blue sky of the desert, and disappeared.
Crane chirping, blue sky, Going far away - yes, dressed in cloth, looking up at the sky, coming with some concerns and leaving with no worries; now that I know that all things have spirits, I should pay less attention to the things outside me; "You go home by yourself and I will go home by myself" - the two transformations of humans and cranes , leaving only a relationship between ancient and modern times.
His friend Yao Nai, a master of prose in the Tongcheng School, once wrote this couplet to him:
Fishing in eight or nine huts. Rain plows smoke, and you must believe that being rich is not as good as being poor, and being noble is not as good as being humble;
Reading thousands of words on bamboo, filling flowers, and making wine will help you to know that you should be at peace, happy, leisurely, and clear.
After listening to the naughty uncle. Story, as a commoner, are you and I very inspiring?
The joy and anger of the commoner have their own weight, which cannot be underestimated in any era.
Once upon a time, the King of Qin believed that " The anger of the common people will inevitably lead to the nakedness of the crown and the use of the head to snatch the earth and ears. "
Tang Ju said: "This is the anger of a mediocre man, not the anger of a scholar. When Fu Zhuanzhu stabbed Wang Liao, a comet struck the moon; when Nie Zheng stabbed the Han puppet, a white rainbow penetrated the sun; when Yao Li stabbed Qing Ji, a warehouse eagle struck the palace. These three sons are all men of commoners, and their anger has not yet been unleashed, so they have nothing to do but descend to heaven. ”
Nan Bo was a commoner scholar in the Qing Dynasty, and we all look up to him with admiration!
Part of the content is excerpted from Baidu entries.