Guanju is the first article in The Book of Songs, National Style and Nan Zhou.
Guan Heming's osprey, accompanied by the small continent of the river. A beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman.
Mix shepherd's purse and salvage it from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman wakes up to pursue her.
If you can't pursue it, the black nightclub misses her during the day. Miss Long, I can't sleep over and over again.
Mix shepherd's purse and choose from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman came to her with a couple and a couple.
Pull shepherd's purse from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman rings the bell to please her.
This is a widely circulated poem, and the understanding of it is different. The most superficial analysis is a poem describing the love between men and women. Recently, after reading Justice of Mao Poetry and Preface of Mao Poetry, I feel that The Book of Songs is not limited to the description of love between men and women. Here, first of all, I will introduce Justice of Mao Poetry and Preface of Mao Poetry. The earliest poem written by China is The Book of Songs, and its spread is attributed to Mao Heng and Scarlett. Mao Heng, a native of the Warring States, gave a systematic explanation of The Book of Songs, and wrote the book Justice of Mao Poetry, which was later passed on to his nephew Scarlett. Li Mao explained the Book of Songs and later wrote Shi Mao. Some Confucianists from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Western Han Dynasty explained every article of Shi Mao in detail, so it was called Preface to Shi Mao. Preface to Shi Mao is China's first monograph on poetry theory. Summarizing some important understandings of Confucianism on poetry since the pre-Qin period can be said to be a summary of Confucian poetics from the pre-Qin period to the Western Han Dynasty.
The poem Guan Ju was written according to Mao Shi Zheng Yi and Mao Shi Xu. The original text of Justice in Shi Mao is Guan Ju, The Virtue of Empresses and The Poet of Guan Ju. Who said anything about the virtue of empresses? Qu yue said,' the princess of the son of heaven is the queen.' Cloud note:' latecomers are latecomers.' Managing internal affairs ranks second to husband. "Interpretation" said:' Princess, you are better than me.' Words speak louder than words. The wife of the son of heaven is only called Houer. The princess is a generic term, so it is said that the princess is worthy. Virtue, also, complacent in the body, the total name of people. In this article, it is said that sexual harmony, devotion to chastity and devotion to duty are also the virtues of empresses. "。 It shows that this poem describes the virtue of Zhou Wenwang's empresses and introduces what empresses are in detail.
"Preface to Mao Poetry" originally said: "Guan Ju, the virtue of empresses, is also the beginning of' wind', so the wind prevails in the world and couples are right, so it is used by the country. Wind', wind also, teaching also. The wind moves it and teaches it. Poet, ambition also. Have ambition in your heart and speak like a poem. Emotion moves in the middle, but the form is in words; It is not enough to say it, so it is a sigh; Lack of lamentation, so singing; Lack of singing is not the same as dancing with hands. The vernacular interpretation of this passage is: "The poem Guanju, which eulogizes the virtue of empresses, is the beginning of" National Style "and a poem that exhorts people all over the world to correct the affairs of men and women, so it is used for the people, the country and the teaching. Wind is' satire' and' teaching'. Satire is euphemistic advice to impress people, and teaching is aboveboard education. Poetry is where people's emotions lie, is the' ambition' in their hearts, and is the beautiful text from' poetry'. Emotions surge in people's hearts and will be expressed through words; If words are not enough to express feelings, use sighs to express them; If sighing is not enough to express feelings, then use singing to express them; If singing is not enough to express feelings, you can't help but express them by dancing.
Judging from the above descriptions in Justice of Mao Poetry and Preface to Mao Poetry, The Book of Songs is not only a simple description of love between men and women, but also a description of choosing concubines. According to this clue, we might as well use vernacular to analyze the meaning of Guanju:
The poem Guanju can be divided into three parts. The first part is the rise of poetry, which also explains time, place and people like narration. The poem is called "Qi Xing". The second part describes a gentleman's idea of finding a lady and his ardent dream. The third part describes the happy life of husband and wife after a gentleman finds a lady. The sound of Guanguan bird is a kind of water bird, which is later called Osprey. It is said that this kind of bird will avoid other animals when it is in estrus, unlike other animals who chase it openly. In the state of the river, it refers to an open space in the middle of the water or at the water's edge, where pigeons stop, indicating leisure and demure, not slim. "Shu" means virtuous and kind, "Qiu" means matching, which means wanting a virtuous and kind queen, and using pigeons as a metaphor. My Fair Lady is a very peaceful, quiet and kind woman. Ragged shepherd's purse is an irregular aquatic plant, which means to help around, and the meaning of flowing here is the same. Because this shepherd's purse used to be used for sacrifice, who can dedicate this shepherd's purse to our ancestors? Only my fair lady. If a woman's virtue is not good, she can't pick leeks and participate in sacrificial activities. "Welcome, I want to sleep. Long, tossing and turning. "
Wen Shenshen Wang reflected and wanted a virtuous and kind empresses. He thinks and meditates day and night, which makes it difficult for him to sleep. He wants to use his sincerity, not for a beautiful woman, but for a virtuous queen to help him manage state affairs. "Shepherd's purse, uneven. My fair lady is my friend. " This is to describe the kind of lady who can be lifted by shepherd's purse. Hare and harp are two ancient musical instruments. Playing in harmony together is a metaphor for the harmonious feelings of husband and wife. Here, it is a metaphor for the tacit cooperation between the empresses and King Wen, just like the sound of a harp and a harp, which means shaking hands and helping each other. "Shepherd's purse, uneven. My fair lady, bells and drums are happy. " This poem means to choose to pluck hair. This poem means that the empresses lead other women and choose to collect shepherd's purse to worship in the ancestral temple. Because the empresses have virtue, the ancestral hall praised her virtue with bell and drum instruments.
Therefore, the whole poem tells the story of Zhou Wenwang choosing a concubine. He got a virtuous concubine to help manage state affairs, family and raise children, which was also a standard for the whole country at that time. It is true that the prosperity of the Zhou Dynasty for 800 years is inseparable from the governance of Zhou Wenwang. Therefore, in the troubled times of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Confucius was very sad and hoped to restore Zhou rites and inherit Zhou culture. The wife of a family or a country's empresses, because a woman has influenced two men, that is, her husband and her children, from this point of view, Guan Ju in the Book of Songs does not simply describe the pursuit of love between men and women.