The so-called standardized Chinese characters refer to regular Chinese characters, simplified Chinese characters and inherited Chinese characters that have been sorted and simplified and officially published by the state in the form of word lists.
Simplified Chinese characters are subject to the simplified Chinese characters included in the Summary of Simplified Chinese Characters, which was re-published by the State Council 1986+00 in June. The traditional Chinese characters in the summary of simplified characters are nonstandard characters, which are generally stopped in public places.
Such as "book" is the traditional Chinese character of "book", "pen" is the traditional Chinese character of "pen", "light" is the traditional Chinese character of "light" and "wan" is the traditional Chinese character of "wan", etc., which are no longer used (except for reprinting and publishing ancient books, cultural relics and calligraphy works). The orthography is based on the words selected from the First List of Variant Characters issued by the Ministry of Culture and the China Language and Character Reform Commission 1955 (the list has been adjusted many times since its publication, and 28 obsolete variant characters have been restored, namely Osaka, Tudun, Ye, Yi, Pei, Qiu, Yu and Yu.
Therefore, the number of variants actually eliminated is 1027), and the corresponding variants are no longer used. For example, "Lin" is a variant of "bed" and "desire" is a variant of "desire", etc., which are no longer used.
Inherited characters refer to characters that have been handed down from history and have been used to this day, and have not been simplified or need to be simplified. Such as: man, knife, earth, big, small, mountain, Sichuan, king, field, sun, moon and so on.
Standardizing Chinese fonts shall be based on the List of Modern Chinese Common Characters jointly issued by the State Language Commission and the Press and Publication Administration 1988. In contrast, the old glyphs are not standardized and are no longer used.
For example, "stork" is an old glyph of "silence", and so on, which can no longer be used. In addition to the above-mentioned Summary of Simplified Characters, List of the First Batch of Variant Characters and List of Common Characters in Modern Chinese, there are also: List of Unified Characters for the Names of Some Units of Measurement (published by China Language Reform Commission and National Bureau of Standards and Metrology 1977), and a list of pronunciation checks for words with different pronunciations in Putonghua (based on the National Language Commission, the State Education Commission, and the radio). Issued by the State Education Commission 1988) and Basic Set of Chinese Character Coded Character Sets for Information Interchange (promulgated by the National Bureau of Standards and implemented in May 198 1).
In addition, from March 30th, 1955 to August 29th, 1964, with the approval of the State Council, the uncommon words in 35 place names above the county level were changed nine times, with a total of 37 names and 34 words. This is also a basis for the standardization of Chinese characters at present.
To learn standardized Chinese characters, you must master the above list. For a comprehensive understanding of the above-mentioned word list, readers can refer to the book "Handbook of Language Standardization" (revised edition, 1993 edition) published by Language Publishing House.
A summary of the research on the topic "Standardizing Chinese writing to improve learning ability" Yang Xiying, a primary school affiliated to tianshui normal university, Gansu Province, undertook the second-grade Chinese teaching this semester, and undertook the sub-topic "How to guide students to standardize Chinese writing to improve learning ability in teaching" in the topic "Standardizing Chinese writing to improve learning ability" issued by the State Language Committee. Because I am also participating in the online teaching and research of subject teaching experts in Gansu Province, I have also done a lot of work, which is summarized as follows: 1. Investigate the current situation and learn more. In teaching, we should master the methods, steps and measures to guide students to write Chinese characters in a standardized way and improve their learning ability. As experimenters, we must understand the current situation of students' writing and teachers' teaching. Therefore, I investigated and analyzed the students in my class and learned about all aspects of students' writing.
Wry-headed writing; Write with your chest close to this table; Write with your legs crossed; Wriggle to write; One leg presses the other leg to write; Write with your feet suspended; Write with your left hand under the table; One leg is upright and the other leg is inclined to write; Writing by hanging the two hind legs of the bench; Wait a minute. 2. The writing is wrong.
Hold the pen with the first section of the index finger. If the force is too large, the second section of the thumb and the first section of the index finger will hold the pen at the second joint. The distance between fingers and fingertips is too close; Put your little finger out, and so on. 3. Bad writing habits.
Writing habits lick the nib with your tongue; Writing habit of wiping with rubber fingers; Writing habits put books sideways; Sundries above the table; Tearing books indiscriminately; I don't know how to cherish stationery when writing, and the paper is not clean. From the analysis of the present situation of teachers' writing teaching, there are many problems.
One of the problems: vague and insufficient understanding of the importance of writing teaching is mainly manifested in: 1 Although literacy teaching and writing teaching in lower grades are linked, in fact, the phenomenon of emphasizing literacy over writing in teaching is extremely serious. 2. The teaching requirements are not strict, and students' writing habits are poor.
When you enter the classroom, you can see that the students' sitting posture and writing methods are very bad. It is common to turn over students' homework in various subjects, with scrawled handwriting, irregular lines and untidy papers.
The second problem: the method is single, the teaching mode is rigid, and the spring breeze of the new curriculum reform in writing teaching has not blown into the classroom of writing teaching. The teaching mode of writing is single and rigid.
The situation of "full-time irrigation" and "full-time practice" in writing teaching is very common. In writing class, the teacher often talks about a stroke, while the students practice a stroke, or the teacher talks about writing skills, but the students listen carelessly. This kind of teaching effect can be imagined. In view of the above problems, I take corresponding measures to carry out writing teaching in a down-to-earth manner and improve the quality of writing.
Second, take countermeasures to improve quality. One of the countermeasures: unifying multiple understandings and attaching importance to writing teaching is an important basic skill of Chinese and the external expression of humanistic connotation. "Before Chinese characters entered the computer, writing was generally regarded as the' facade' of readers and could not be ignored.
The computer and Chinese character input technology make writing more and more unnecessary, and also provide great convenience for "hiding others". In fact, the benefit of writing is not only practical, but also of greater significance. The process of practicing writing is actually a process of cultivating sentiment, cultivating aesthetic ability and improving cultural literacy. "
Therefore, in today's information age, writing teaching should still attract the attention of schools, families and society. .
2. Write standard handwritten newspaper content. I just need to write standard words.
As the saying goes, handwritten newspaper materials that write standardized characters often say, "Words are like people." A person's character will be vividly expressed through words. How many great writers can't write well? If our calligraphy is so rampant that we don't even know ourselves, how can we find a teacher to correct it and communicate with others in words? Therefore, it is particularly important for us to speak Mandarin and write standardized characters. The words with the highest error frequency are "safety", "courage", "courage", "submission", "downwind", "anger", "dead skin", "blue face" and "white clouds" in brackets, so make persistent efforts, "wait" and "wait". The thumb (thumb) of the field roll (ticket) means that there is no way to go (vote) and that you can't laugh and talk (life) is very unexpected (accident).
Make a joke with the wrong words.
There was a man whose official was bought with money. This man is not very literate. One day, when he was sitting in court asking questions, the bookkeeper showed a list of three people, namely plaintiff, defendant and witness. The plaintiff called, the defendant called Qi Biandiu, and the witness called Xin Fu. The official picked up a pen and pointed it at the plaintiff, Yugong, and mistakenly called "Come up!" Three people go to class together. The official was very angry and said, "The county summoned the plaintiff alone. Why are they all coming up? " When the bookkeeper was around, he could not say that he had made a mistake, so he told him, "The plaintiff's name is pronounced differently, and it is called Yugong, not' all come up'." The official also ordered the defendant to throw it together and mistakenly called "Go down together!" Three people retired together again. The official was angry again and said, "The county called a defendant. Why did they all go down?" The scribe asked again, "There is another way to pronounce the defendant's name, that is, to throw it on the border, not on the capital of Qi Xia." The official said, "In that case, do you think you should read the name of the witness?" The scribe said, "Call it a new pot." The official turned his anger into joy and said, "I guess he must have read it in a different way, otherwise I would call him' dad'."
Chinese characters, also known as national characters, are widely used in the cultural circle of Chinese characters, belonging to morpheme syllables in ideographic characters, which were invented and improved by China people in ancient times. Chinese characters are the main characters that have been used for the longest time in a row, and they are also the only characters that have been passed down to this day in various ancient writing systems. Chinese characters are the essence of our country, so we should take them seriously and write them well.
How to write standard words well
Some people say, "Words are a person's second face." Someone said, "Words are like people." So how can we write standard words? I think the first thing is to master the correct writing posture. Keep your head straight: when writing, keep your head straight, don't lean left or right, lean forward slightly, and keep your eyes about a foot (about 30 cm) away from the book. Stand upright: stand upright with your chest out, support your back straight, and punch your chest (about 10 cm) on the edge of the table. Shoulder level: the shoulders are flush, not high and low. Open your arms: open your arms naturally, press the paper with your left hand and five fingers, and write with your right hand. Foot safety: naturally put your feet flat on the ground, the distance between your feet is shoulder width, and your toes and heels touch the ground at the same time.
Writing style is one of the external manifestations of a person's cultural quality. Not to mention the ugly handwriting, even if the handwriting is not standardized, it also shows that a person's cultural literacy has not adapted to the rapid development of national science and technology. Nowadays, teenagers are the main force of China's economic construction in the 2 1 century. Therefore, from now on, we should set high standards for ourselves-we must write better and form the good habit of writing standardized words.
3. Information about writing standard words
With the promotion and support of traditional culture by the state, calligraphy has been developing continuously in recent years. Standardized characters are the basis of calligraphy, and only by writing standardized characters can we learn calligraphy well. The information for writing standard characters should include the following aspects:
First, strokes;
Chinese characters are composed of different strokes, and writing good strokes is the foundation. It should be noted that the length, angle and thickness of the same stroke will change in different words.
Second, the structure;
Chinese characters are basically square, but some of them are still limited by combinations, such as rectangular, oblate, triangular, trapezoidal and other shapes, which need to be summarized in learning.
Third, rules and regulations;
Calligraphy has a cloud: one word is divided into one rule, and one word is the final text. Good composition and layout not only make the writing more energetic, but also promote the whole work to a higher level.
Therefore, the above three points must be learned in writing standard characters.
4. Information about "Speaking Mandarin and Writing Standard Words"
Please speak Mandarin. Please use standard words to speak Mandarin well. Using standard words well is the requirement of social development.
With the advent of the information age, we must vigorously strengthen information technology education. Chinese information processing is the focus of China's information technology development, and the standardization of language and characters is the premise of Chinese information processing. Popularizing Putonghua and standardizing the use of Chinese characters are conducive to improving the efficiency and level of language information processing and communication.
Only when teachers and students speak Mandarin well and use standardized words well can they meet the needs of information technology education. Speaking Mandarin well and using standardized words well are the requirements of the construction of spiritual civilization on campus.
Popularizing Putonghua and standardizing the use of Chinese characters is an important language policy of the country and an important content of building socialist spiritual civilization. Schools are the forefront of spiritual civilization and shoulder the task of building a model of socialist spiritual civilization.
Therefore, it is urgent for schools to popularize Putonghua and standardize the use of Chinese characters, strengthen the construction of campus spiritual civilization and improve the language quality and comprehensive humanistic quality of teachers and students! In order to respond to the call of the country to speak Mandarin well and use standardized words well, create a lively and civilized campus atmosphere and implement the quality education project, the school issued an initiative to all teachers and students: First, speaking Mandarin well and using standardized words well is one of the necessary conditions for qualified teachers. Teachers' language characteristics and language quality are directly related to teachers' teaching effect.
Teachers should adapt to the requirements of the development of the times, strive to improve their comprehensive quality, constantly improve the quality of education and teaching, and better perform their sacred duties. Teachers should first speak Mandarin well and use standardized words well. Second, college students should become models to speak Mandarin well and use standardized words well.
It is an important content of quality education to speak Mandarin well, use standardized words well and improve the ability to apply the national common language and characters. Improve language quality and comprehensive humanistic quality, master scientific and cultural knowledge, cultivate innovative spirit and practical ability, inherit and carry forward the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, cultivate patriotism and enhance national cohesion. College students should also speak Mandarin well and use standardized words well.
Dear teachers and students, from now on, let's speak Mandarin well and use standardized words well, establish the image of "speaking Mandarin, using standardized words and being civilized people", form a good atmosphere for speaking Mandarin and using standardized words, make Mandarin and standardized words become campus languages, and work hard to create a research university with distinctive characteristics.
5. Write standard handwritten newspaper materials
Please speak Mandarin and use standard words.
It is the requirement of social development to speak Mandarin well and use standardized words well. With the advent of the information age, we must vigorously strengthen information technology education. Chinese information processing is the focus of China's information technology development, and the standardization of language and characters is the premise of Chinese information processing. Popularizing Putonghua and standardizing the use of Chinese characters are conducive to improving the efficiency and level of language information processing and communication. Only when teachers and students speak Mandarin well and use standardized words well can they meet the needs of information technology education.
Speaking Mandarin well and using standardized words well are the requirements of the construction of spiritual civilization on campus. Popularizing Putonghua and standardizing the use of Chinese characters is an important language policy of the country and an important content of building socialist spiritual civilization. Schools are the forefront of spiritual civilization and shoulder the task of building a model of socialist spiritual civilization. Therefore, it is urgent for schools to popularize Putonghua and standardize the use of Chinese characters, strengthen the construction of campus spiritual civilization and improve the language quality and comprehensive humanistic quality of teachers and students!
In response to the call of the state to speak Mandarin well and use standardized words well, to create a lively and civilized campus atmosphere and to implement the quality education project, the school issued an initiative to the teachers, students and staff of the whole school:
First, speaking Mandarin well and using standardized words well is one of the necessary conditions for qualified teachers. Teachers' language characteristics and language quality are directly related to teachers' teaching effect. Teachers should adapt to the requirements of the development of the times, strive to improve their comprehensive quality, constantly improve the quality of education and teaching, and better perform their sacred duties. Teachers should first speak Mandarin well and use standardized words well.
Second, college students should become models to speak Mandarin well and use standardized words well. It is an important content of quality education to speak Mandarin well, use standardized words well and improve the ability to apply the national common language and characters. Improve language quality and comprehensive humanistic quality, master scientific and cultural knowledge, cultivate innovative spirit and practical ability, inherit and carry forward the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, cultivate patriotism and enhance national cohesion. College students should also speak Mandarin well and use standardized words well.
Dear teachers and students, from now on, let's speak Mandarin well and use standardized words well, establish the image of "speaking Mandarin, using standardized words and being civilized people", form a good atmosphere for speaking Mandarin and using standardized words, make Mandarin and standardized words become campus languages, and work hard to create a research university with distinctive characteristics.
6. Speak Mandarin, write standard words and copy newspaper materials.
Speaking Mandarin and writing standard words are your needs, mine and the requirements of the times.
Speak mandarin and welcome guests from all over the world; Show Chinese civilization with standardized words. Speaking Mandarin begins with Chinese Pinyin, and writing standard words begins with horizontal fingers.
Rich, developed and long-standing Chinese is not only the carrier of China culture, but also a splendid culture. Sweet Mandarin and elegant and dignified Chinese characters have gone abroad, and Chinese fever is rising all over the world! This language is like a bond, closely linking hundreds of millions of wanderers with their motherland and friends who love China.
Patriotism, first of all, begins with loving the language and characters of the motherland. Mandarin should be spoken well and Chinese characters should be written in a standardized way. With its unique charm, Chinese characters have become the carrier and foundation of Chinese civilization and a unique artistic treasure in the treasure house of world civilization.
The unique square Chinese characters are one of the important reasons why China's ancient civilization, as the only uninterrupted world civilization system, continues to this day. It is the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese nation and an object with fresh life. It is full of aesthetics and poetry, and has profound cultural implications and charm.
These arts and cultures based on the charm of Chinese characters are unprecedented in any other civilized system in the world.