Confucius was born in 551 BC and died in 479 BC at the age of 73. He was buried here after his death.
the tomb of Confucius is located in the south-central section of the Confucius forest, 3 meters from east to west, 28 meters from north to south and 5 meters high. There are two stone tablets in front of the tomb. In front of the monument, there are stone confession, wine drinking pool, stone worship platform and brick flower lattice walls. There are two stone tablets in front of the tomb, which were erected in the eighth year of the Ming Dynasty (1443), and were erected by Huang Yangzheng, and later by Duke Yansheng Kong Yuancuo, the grandson of the fifty-first generation of Confucius, in the third year after Yuan Nai Ma Zhen (1244). The tomb of Confucius is the tomb of his son Kong Li in the east and the tomb of his grandson Kong Ji in the south. This kind of tomb layout is called carrying children and holding grandchildren. Located behind the tomb gate and in front of Confucius' tomb. Five rooms with yellow tile roofs and a front porch are 24.18 meters long and 13.18 meters wide. It was founded in the 1th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1494), rebuilt in the 22nd year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1594), and rebuilt in the 9th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1731) and 1977. In the temple, there is the calligraphy of the Qing emperor Hongli, "the wine tablet in Konglin".
There are four pairs of stone carvings beside the aisle of the Hall of Fame, which are called Huabiao, Wenbao, Yiduan and Weng Zhong. Huabiao is a stone pillar in front of the tomb, also known as Wangzhu; Wen Bao, like a leopard, spits fire under his arm, is gentle and kind, and is used to guard the tomb; The corner is also an imaginary monster. It is said that it travels 18, miles a day, speaks four languages, and is far away from the outside world. Weng Zhong, a stone figure, is said to be a warrior in the Qin Dynasty, with a sublime frontier fortress, and then a symmetrical statue, both of which are called Weng Zhong, for guarding the tomb. Two pairs of stone beasts were carved by Song Xuanhe, and Weng Zhong was carved by Qing Yongzheng. The literati held water and the fighters pressed their swords. The front of the aisle is the Hall of Enjoyment, with five halls wide, a yellow tile resting on the top of the mountain, and a front and rear corridor-style wooden frame. Under the eaves, you can step on the bucket with five heavy beams. In the temple, there is the calligraphy of the Qing emperor Hongli, "the monument to wine in Konglin", which contains poems such as "Teaching Ze hangs down through the ages, Mount Tai has not fallen". During the War of Liberation, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De held a military meeting in this hall.
eastbound along Huanlin Road, in the northeast of Konglin, after passing a stone square, a huge monument was erected by the roadside, on which was written "Tomb of Mr. Dong Tang, a member of Guangdong Qingguan Department of Doctor Fengzhi's household". This is the tombstone of Kong Shangren, a playwright of Maoming and author of Peach Blossom Fan in the early Qing Dynasty.
Kong Shangren's tomb is about 15 meters away from the north wall of Linbei, 8.43 meters from east to west, 7.7 meters from north to south and 3.13 meters high. It is a medium-sized grave. The stone tablet in front of the tomb is round, carved with two dragons and playing with pearls, and the inscription is "the tomb of Mr. Dong Tang, a member of Guangdong Qingli Department of the Ministry of Doctor Household". In the 13th year of Qing Yongzheng (1735), the stone was erected in April. There is a stone confession in front of the tomb.
From here to the west, there is a tomb with the book "Luan Yin Praises Virtue", where Confucius' descendants Kong Qian, Kong Zhou, Kong Biao and Kong Bao are buried. From han group to the west, there are tombs of the Ming Dynasty, where tombs are dotted, there are numerous steles, and there are groups of stones and beasts, among which the steles written by famous calligraphers Li Dongyang and Yan Song of the Ming Dynasty stand. According to statistics, since the Han Dynasty, Konglin has been rebuilt and repaired 13 times, planted trees 5 times and expanded forest land 3 times. The wall around the entire Konglin is 7.25 kilometers long, with a height of more than 3 meters and a thickness of about 5 meters, with a total area of 2 square kilometers, which is much larger than Qufu City. As a clan cemetery, Konglin has been buried continuously for more than 2, years. Here, we can not only examine the burial in the Spring and Autumn Period, prove the tombs of Qin and Han Dynasties, but also study the political, economic and cultural development and the evolution of funeral customs in past dynasties in China. In 1961, the State Council was declared as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. "The tomb is ancient for thousands of years, and the forest is deep and cold in May." There are now more than 1, trees in Konglin. According to legend, after Confucius' death, "disciples planted strange trees in all directions, so there are many different trees, and the Lu people have been nameless for generations." Today, some trees in the Confucius Forest still cannot be named by people. Among them, cypress, juniper,
oak, elm, locust, kai, park, maple, poplar, willow, sandalwood, privet, five flavors, cherry blossoms and other trees are intertwined and flourishing; Hundreds of plants, such as wild chrysanthemum, Pinellia ternata, Bupleurum chinense, Pseudostellaria heterophylla and Ganoderma lucidum, also strive for glory according to the times. Konglin is a natural botanical garden. "there is no way to look at the broken monument in the deep tree." In the forest of Confucius, where thousands of trees are hidden, stone tablets are like forests, and stone instruments are in groups. In addition to a number of famous Han tablets moving into the Confucius Temple, tombstones are built. Therefore, Kong Lin can also be called a veritable forest of steles. When you leave the gate of Qufu in the north, you will see two rows of cypresses and cypresses, such as dragons, standing in the middle of the road. This is the Shinto of Kong Lin. In the road stands an eternal Changchun Square. This is a six-carved stone workshop, supported by six stone pillars, with 12 stone lions crouching on both sides. The word "Eternal Changchun" in the workshop was engraved when it was first built in the 22nd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1594), but the words "rebuilt in July of the 1th year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty" were engraved in the workshop. There are dragons, dancing phoenixes, unicorns, steeds, spotted deer, flowers, auspicious clouds, etc. In the stone square, there are two dragons playing with pearls, accompanied by the morning decoration of Danfeng. The whole stone square is magnificent and beautifully shaped.
there is a square pavilion with green tiles on the east and west sides of the square, and there is a big stone tablet in the pavilion. East was built by Zheng Rubi and Lian Biao, the bureaucrats of the Ming Dynasty in the 22nd year of Wanli (1594), and engraved with ten characters of "Confucius Shinto, the sage of Dacheng"; West is the "Rebuilding the Linmiao Monument in Queli" established by the two men the following year. Both monuments are very tall, with carved patterns on their heads and vivid turtle skin under them. From the west of Shenglinmen Road, walk about 2 meters, and there is a stone workshop carved with dragons to ward off evil spirits in the north. On both sides of the square, the word "Zhushui Bridge" is engraved. In the north, it stands for the second year of Jiajing, Yan Sheng Gong Li, and in the south, it stands for the tenth year of Yongzheng. In the north of Fangfang, there is an arch bridge with a high uplift in Mizunokami.
Zhushui is an ancient river, which merges with Surabaya and divides into two waters in the north of Qufu. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius gave lectures between Zhusi and Zhusi, and later generations took Zhusi as the name of Confucianism. However, the river course of Zhushui has been long forgotten. In memory of Confucius, later generations referred to the moat of Lu as Zhushui, and built exquisite squares and bridges. There are inscriptions on Zhushui Bridge in the north and south of the bridge. There is a blue stone fence on Zhushui Bridge, and there is a square quadrangle on the north and east side of the bridge, called Sitang, with three halls and three rooms in the east and west, which is the place for the worshippers to change clothes when offering sacrifices to the hole. The indoor wall is inlaid with a large number of stone tablets praising Kong Lin by later generations of scholars, such as "Phoenix sometimes gathers beautiful trees, but all birds dare not nest in the deep forest", "Thorns don't breed fields, and the bird's nest avoids the forest wind" and so on. In another small courtyard adjacent to the east of this hospital, the word "God" is engraved on the forehead, which is the place where livestock were slaughtered when offering sacrifices to the Confucius. The three western houses in the west of Confucius' tomb are the tombs of Zigong Lu. After the death of Confucius, the disciples kept the tomb for three years and left, and the only son Gong stayed here for another three years. In order to commemorate this event, later generations built three houses and erected a monument entitled "Tomb of Zigong Lu." After enjoying the Hall, there is another square pavilion in pyramidal roof with grey tiles, which is called "Kai Pavilion". The stone tablet in the pavilion is engraved with an ancient regular script tree, that is, the "Zigong hand-planted script" copied from its south side. According to legend, after Zigong's funeral, he planted a Kai sapling next to his teacher's tomb and later became a big tree. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, he was burned to death by thunder and fire, and later generations carved the withered image on the stone.
there are three pavilions with four corners in the north of Kaiting, which are resident pavilions. The pavilion restored by Green Tile in the north is built to commemorate Song Zhenzong Zhao Heng's sacrifice to Confucius, and the two pavilions restored by Yellow Tile in the middle and south are built to commemorate the Qing Emperor Xuanye and Hongli's sacrifice to Confucius. The "chariot" is the chariot that the Yellow Emperor travels, and these three pavilions are the parking places where the Yellow Emperor sacrifices. There are still stone tablets at that time in the pavilion. Bian Que's medical map was taken from the Han Dynasty stone relief in Qufu, in which Bian Que was the head of a bird. This shows that when people were chasing a generation of imperial doctors, they all made him a "magpie" who took pains to travel all over the world and left good news for people everywhere according to the word "Bian Que".
Bian Que has traveled all over China, and his superb medical skills not only benefited the scientific theory of traditional Chinese medicine at that time, but also benefited future generations. People who have seen him will certainly not regard him as a bird; It is completely understandable that people who only know his name but don't see his face, especially the people of past dynasties behind him, deify him into a "bird" according to the traditional cultural accumulation when remembering the imperial doctor. The stele paste is made of paper and ink from the stele. Qufu is one of the main producing areas of steles and stickers in China. There are abundant steles and stickers here, with more than 5, steles in the past dynasties since the Western Han Dynasty, which is one of the most concentrated places of steles in China.
There are many techniques for rubbings and rubbings in Qufu, and the rubbings are the main ones. The rubbings are fine and exquisite, and they are deeply loved by people.