1. Ge Hong (284-364) was named Zhichuan and his nickname was Baopuzi. Born in the Western Jin Dynasty, he was a native of Jurong, Danyang. The young man was eager to learn, well-read in classics, history, and hundreds of classics. He was good at calligraphy. He was famous for Confucianism and was not good at socializing. He once participated in suppressing Shi Bing's uprising. At the beginning of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he joined the army as a consultant. What a magical method. He first learned alchemy from Zheng Yin. In his later years, he heard that cinnabar was produced in Jiaozhi and asked to go to Goulu to be the county magistrate. He took his son and nephew to Luofu Mountain to practice Taoism, refine alchemy and engage in writing. The "Baopuzi" written by him is divided into internal and external chapters, and the "internal chapter" has 20 volumes, which talks about "immortal prescriptions, changes in ghosts and monsters, health preservation and longevity, and things that prevent evil and bring disaster", which is the complete existing "prophecy of immortals". The 50 volumes of "Outer Chapters" discuss in detail "the gains and losses in the world, the differences in worldly affairs", reflecting the author's fundamental position of being a god within himself but not Confucianism outside. During his long-term experiments in developing golden elixirs, he accumulated a lot of simple chemical knowledge. In the internal chapters "Golden Elixir" and "Huangbai", the use of minerals to refine elixirs, gold and silver is studied. In "Xian Yao" and other chapters, there are records of using plants to treat diseases, which made certain contributions to the development of chemistry and pharmacy. Ge Hong wrote many works in his life. In addition to "Baopuzi", there are hundreds of volumes of steles, poems, poems and poems, 6 volumes of "Miscellaneous Notes of Xijing", 100 volumes of "Jingui Prescriptions", and 3 volumes of "Emergency Prescriptions". .
2. Liu Yu (363-422) was given the courtesy name Deyu and his nickname was Jinu. His ancestral home is Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu), and he moved to Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) during his great-grandfather's time. When he was young, his family was poor and he made a living by farming, collecting firewood, fishing and being a small trader. He later served as a middle and junior officer in the Beifu Army of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the third year of Jin Long'an (399), Liu Yu followed the famous general Liu Laozhi of Beifu to suppress Sun En's uprising, and forced Sun En into the sea in the battle of Suanshan in Zhenjiang. Then Huanxuan started a rebellion and invaded Jiankang, forcing Liu Laozhi to death. Liu Yu first launched an attack in Jingkou and killed Huan Xiu, who was stationed at Jingkou by Huan Xuan. He was elected as the leader of the alliance by various rebels and defeated Huan Xuan. He was promoted to the rank of servant, general of chariots and cavalry, and commander-in-chief of the Chinese and foreign military forces. He led the governors of Xu and Qing prefectures with a sense of responsibility, and was stationed at Jingkou, becoming the commander-in-chief of the Beifu army. In the fifth and twelfth years of Yixi (409), Liu Yu organized two Northern Expeditions, annihilating Southern Yan and Later Qin successively, regaining Luoyang and Chang'an, ascending to the throne of Xiangguo, and being granted the title of Duke of Song Dynasty. In the second year of Yuanxi (420), Emperor Gong of the Jin Dynasty was deposed and proclaimed emperor. The country was named the Song Dynasty and was known as Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty in history. Liu Yu employed people to "trap Youzhi", and the important generals Wang Zhenwei and Liu Muzhi were all from poor families. We adopted a policy of severe crackdowns on wealthy families such as Diao Kui, the "Beetle of Jingkou". He attached great importance to agriculture, rectified household registration, merged and abolished many overseas Chinese counties and counties, reduced dependence and hiding, recruited fugitives, and ensured the rural labor force. On more than one occasion, he ordered the reduction and exemption of taxes and levies, stopped recruitment, and required materials to be purchased from the private sector at a given price. After he became emperor, he smashed the amber pillow presented by Ningzhou and gave it to the soldiers to remove the alloy and create medicine. I ordered people to keep the farm tools I used in the past and keep them for future generations.
3. Liu Yiqing (403-444) was originally from Pengcheng and lived in Jingkou for a long time. The nephew of Liu Yu, Emperor Wu of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the second son of Liu Daolian, King of Jing of Changsha. His uncle, Liu Daogui, King of Linchuan, had no children, so Liu Yiqing was the heir. When Liu Yiqing was a child, Liu Yu often praised him and said: "This is the Fengcheng of my family." After Liu Yu proclaimed himself emperor, Liu Yiqing attacked and granted the title of King of Linchuan. In the ninth year of Yuanjia (432 years) of Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty, Liu Yiqing took charge of the military affairs of seven states, and served as general Pingxi and governor of Jingzhou. When Jingzhou took office and when he left office, he would not accept any gifts given to him as a welcome gift. "After eight years in the state, he was settled by the Western Land." In the 17th year of Yuanjia, he was appointed governor of Nanyanzhou and opened the government of Yitong Sansi. The history said that he was "simple in nature and had few sexual desires". "After being appointed as a vassal, he had no Liu Yiqing loves literature and meaning, and he recruits literary people from far and near. He has written "The Biography of the Sages of Xuzhou", "Shishuo Xinyu", "Youming Lu", "Xuanxian Ji", etc. "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" is China's earliest note-taking novel "Zhi Ren Shi"
4. Xu Guang (352-425) was born in Dongguan (now Yishui, Shandong) and lived in Jingkou for generations. He was proficient in all kinds of theories and mathematics. When he was young, he served as the governor of Yanzhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. When Emperor Huanxuan was enthroned, he wept when Emperor An came out of the palace. Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty, Liu Yu, abdicated and Emperor Gong abdicated. , I was a minister of the Jin Dynasty, so I resigned and went home. In terms of language and writing, the Xu brothers are known as "Big and Little Xu".
At the age of 44, he was elected as a member of Zhongshushe. He moved to Sanqi and often served as a servant, and often revised poems and prose for the emperor. He also taught the Taizi Sutra and authored "Yin Xun of the Five Classics", "Annotations of Chun Qiu Gu Liang Zhuan" and 9 volumes of collected works.
5. Tan Daoji (? 1436) was originally from Jinxiang, Gaoping (now Jinxiang County, Shandong), and lived in Jingkou for a long time. He started his career by participating in Liu Yu's campaign against Huan Xuan. He was appointed as a Taiwei to join the army and was granted the title of male from Tang County. In the twelfth year of Yixi (416) of Emperor An of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Liu Yu sent troops to attack the Later Qin Dynasty. He led the vanguard into Luoyang and captured more than 4,000 people. Some people advocated killing him, but he said: "Today is the day to punish the people," and he was released together. So the people in the north were convinced and surrendered one after another, taking Chang'an all the way. Tan Daoji was appointed as the internal history of Langxie. After Liu Yu established the Southern Dynasty and Song Dynasty, he was granted the title of Duke of Yongxiu County and was given the title of Danyang Yin and General of the Guard Army. During the reign of Liu Yilong, Emperor Wen of the Southern Song Dynasty, Xie Hui rebelled in Jiangling, and Daoji was ordered to conquer and win. Emperor Wen appointed him as the General of the Southern Campaign, the third division of Kaifu Yitong, and the governor of Jiangzhou. In the eighth year of Yuanjia (431), he once again led the Northern Expedition and fought with the Wei army for more than 30 years. They reached Licheng and retreated due to lack of food and grass. He asked the soldiers to measure the sand and pile it up at night, chant and count, and cover it with a small amount of rice to pretend to be a grain pile. The Wei army did not dare to pursue it. The entire Song army returned, moved to Sikong, and suppressed Xunyang (today's Jiujiang, Jiangxi). In the 13th year of Yuanjia (436 years), Liu Yilong's brother Pengcheng King Liu Yikang corrected the imperial edict and killed 8 Daoji father and son. When he was killed, Daoji cursed angrily: "It destroyed your Great Wall!''. In the 27th year, when the Wei army reached Guazhou, Liu Yilong sighed: "If Daoji had survived, this would not have happened!"
< p>6. Dai Ke (377-441), courtesy name Zhongruo, was born in Yuxian County, Qiaojun (now Suxian County, Anhui Province). He was the son of Dai Kui in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was good at musical instruments and calligraphy, and was proficient in sculpture. At first, he lived in seclusion in Tonglu with his brother Dai Bo. His brother died. After that, he traveled around Jiangsu and Zhejiang. He was good at painting and advocated Buddhism. He pioneered Buddhist sculpture algae painting and changed the simple shape of the Han Dynasty into the Buddhist sculpture art of "Fan Jin Fu Cai, moving with examples". During the Yongchu and Yuanjia years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial court He was recruited to serve as an official many times, but was rejected. Liu Yiji, the king of Hengyang, built a "Bamboo Forest Jingshe" in Jingkou and welcomed him to live in Huanghu Mountain, Jingkou. When Dai was a child, he studied piano with his father. After his father died, he couldn't bear to play old songs again and composed new tunes. There are 15 pieces of music, including one long tune. Every spring, he often sits alone in the forest, "drinking wine with two oranges and listening to the sound of orioles." He Chang" and "White Hu" were processed and revised into "Qing Kuang". The 4 volumes of "Dai Shi Qin Pu" (now lost) are the earliest collection of music scores recorded. He also wrote "Xiao Yao Lun" and "Xiao Yao Lun". "Yue Ling Zhang Ju", "Funeral Miscellaneous Meanings", "Book of Rites Zhongyong Zhuan"7. Zang Rongxu (415-488) was born in Ju, Dongguan (now Ju County, Shandong). He lived in Jingkou. He lost his father when he was young and his family was poor. He taught students and supported his mother. He was a noble person, loved the Five Classics, was rigorous in his studies, and devoted himself to writing. He was friendly with Guan Kangzhi, who was known as "Er Yin" at that time. Comprehensive history of the Jin Dynasty written by Wang Yin, He Fasheng and others was compiled into 110 volumes of "Book of Jin". He also wrote "Lun on the Concubine" and "Preface to the Five Classics", both of which are lost. Zang Zhi served as the governor of Jiangzhou, and he was famous for his conquests. He was recruited as a staff member, but he declined due to illness. Xiao Daocheng (i.e. Emperor Gao of Qi) was appointed governor of Yangzhou, but he ignored his recruitment. After Xiao Daocheng became emperor, Situ Chuyuan once recommended Zang's "Book of Jin". In the 18th year of Emperor Zhenguan's reign (644), Fang Xuanling and others compiled the "Book of Jin" based on this book. Among the 18 histories of Jin circulated in the early Tang Dynasty, Zang's "Book of Jin" was relatively complete.
8. He Xun (? 1 about 518), also known as Zhongyan, was a native of Tan, Donghai (now southwest of Tancheng, Shandong), and lived in Dantu. His great-grandfather He Chengtian was an official in the Southern Song Dynasty and was appointed as Yuanjia. "Li". He Xun was able to write poems at the age of 8, and was praised by his predecessors Fan Yun, Shen Yue, etc. In the Liang Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty, he was the King of Ancheng's military affairs and minister of Shuibu Lang. He was called He Shuibu in his later life. He was once appreciated by Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty, Xiao Yan. But it was abandoned soon. He later died in Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi). His poems were as famous as Liu Xiaochuo's at that time, and his poems were fresh and graceful. The lyrics and sentences are harmonious, and it is a transitional style between the poetry of the Six Dynasties and the rhythm of the Tang Dynasty. It is preserved in the Ming Dynasty's "He Shuibu Collection"
9. Xiao Tong (501-531) Zi De. Shi, nicknamed Vimal. He was a native of Lanling (now Wujin, Jiangsu) in the Southern Dynasties. He was the eldest son of Emperor Wu of Liang. He was established as the crown prince in the first year of Tianjian (502). He participated in the government and was given the posthumous title of Zhaoming, so he was called Prince Zhaoming. He is erudite and talented, good at poetry and prose, polite to virtuous people, has a wide collection of books, and loves to travel around the world. According to the records of "Taiping Huanyu Ji" in the history of Song Dynasty, "Jiading Chronicles" in Song Dynasty and "Quanfang Beizu" written by Chen Yong (Jingyi) of Southern Song Dynasty: Xiao Tong once built a platform in Zhaoyin Mountain in the southwest of Zhenjiang to study.
Zenghua Pavilion was also established, and famous scholars were invited to compile 30 volumes of "Selected Works", which collected more than 700 poems, essays, poems, essays and other literary styles since the Qin and Han Dynasties. This is the earliest collection of poems and essays in my country and has a great influence on later literature. After Xiao Tong compiled "Selected Works", he became blind and died of illness in Jiankang soon after. Later generations compiled "The Collection of Prince Zhaoming".
10. Liu Xie (about 465 to about 532), also named Yanhe, was originally from Ju County, Shandong Province, and lived in Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province). Liu Xie was orphaned at an early age and was determined and eager to learn. Because his family was poor, he did not marry. He lived with Seng Hu, a disciple of the Buddha, and was proficient in Buddhist scriptures. In the early days of Liang Tianjian in the Southern Dynasty, he also served as the general manager of the East Palace and won the trust of Xiao Tong, the prince of Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty. When he was in the Southern Qi Dynasty, Liu Xie began to write 50 articles in "Wen Xin Diao Long", discussing ancient and modern literary styles. Shen Yue, a literary giant at that time, highly praised the book after reading it and praised it as "a profound master of arts and science". Liu Xie shaved off his beard and hair in his later years and determined to become a monk and become a wise man. "Wen Xin Diao Long" is my country's first comprehensive literary theory masterpiece. The scope of the book includes stylistic distinctions, creative methods, literary criticism, etc.