In the early period, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty paid great attention to virtuous ministers and worked hard to govern. The social economy continued to develop, and an unprecedented prosperous age appeared in feudal society. However, in the later period of his reign, he reused treacherous ministers, was politically corrupt, was greedy for pleasure, wasted money, and did not understand the debate between Hua and Yi. Most of the military power in the Tang Dynasty fell into the hands of foreigners. It finally led to the Anshi Rebellion, which opened the prelude to the separatism of vassal towns and warlords in later generations. Therefore, Tang Xuanzong was a historical figure with outstanding merits and demerits: (1) In the early days of Tang Xuanzong's reign, he attached great importance to the selection of local officials and personally Examine county magistrates and expel those who are incompetent. Yao Chong and Song Jing were appointed as prime ministers who were talented, responsible and dare to give advice. As a result, society was stable, production developed, and the economy prospered. The Tang Dynasty entered its heyday, which is known in history as the "Kaiyuan Heyday". (2) He attached great importance to the jurisdiction of border areas. He named Dazuorong of Sumo as the "King of Bohai County" and established the Bohai Governor's Palace and Heishui Governor's Palace. Pei Luo became the "Huairen Khan" and consolidated the unity of the multi-ethnic country. (3) Reform the military system and change the government military system to a recruitment system. (4) In the later period of Tang Xuanzong's reign, he doted on Concubine Yang, drank and had fun all day long, ignored political affairs, and re-employed the treacherous Li Linfu and Yang Guozhong. The politics was very corrupt, and he did not understand the debate between Hua and Yi. Most of the military power in the Tang Dynasty fell into the hands of foreigners. . This finally led to the Anshi Rebellion, which ushered in the separatist regimes and warlord wars in later generations. The Tang Dynasty went from prosperity to decline. The rebellion of An Lushan and Shi Siming, which lasted for eight years, greatly damaged agricultural production and displaced people, turning the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline. From then on, the Tang Dynasty began to decline. (5) Tang Xuanzong played a major role in the high prosperity of the Tang Dynasty, but he also brought huge disasters to the people of the Tang Dynasty in his later years. He was an important historical figure with outstanding merits and demerits.
Tang Taizong Li Shimin was the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty. His name means "helping the world and peace of the people". Han nationality, a native of Chengji, Longxi, whose ancestral home is Longqing, Zhaojun, is a politician, military strategist, calligrapher and poet. After ascending to the throne as the emperor, he actively listened to the opinions of his ministers, worked hard to learn civility and govern the world, and successfully transformed into one of the most famous politicians and wise kings in Chinese history. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty initiated the "Government of Zhenguan" in history. By taking the initiative to eliminate separatist forces in various places, humbly accepting advice, practicing strict economy at home, and allowing the people to recuperate and recuperate, the society finally achieved a situation of peace and security for the country and the people. It laid an important foundation for the later prosperous Kaiyuan era and pushed China's traditional agricultural society to its heyday.
First, the political system and economic prosperity of the Sui Dynasty created conditions for the Tang Dynasty to strengthen centralization and develop the economy; while Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty was tyrannical, extravagant and corrupt, enslaved the people, and resorted to militarism, destroying social production and intensifying social Contradictions led to peasant uprisings. The rulers of the early Tang Dynasty witnessed with their own eyes the process of peasant wars that disintegrated the Sui Dynasty. They recognized the importance of the majority of peasants to the stability of feudal rule. They learned from the lessons of the Sui Dynasty's fall and adjusted their ruling policies to ease class conflicts, stabilize social order, and restore the economy.
Second, because of the above factors, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty determined the governance ideas of "safeguarding the people", "valuing talents" and "strengthening politics", and through a series of institutional policies, measures and unremitting practice to accomplish. First of all, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty realized that the ruler and the people were in a "boat and water" relationship, and adjusted the land taxation system to "pacify the people." The second is to realize the significance of reusing talents, accepting advice with an open mind, appointing people well, and obeying advice, creating an atmosphere of political clarity and ensuring that more enlightened and correct political, economic, national, diplomatic, and cultural policies can be implemented formulation and implementation. The third is to strengthen politics and improve the three provinces and six ministries system and the imperial examination system to consolidate centralization, improve administrative efficiency, and expand the basis of rule.
Note: Employing people and accepting advice is not only the reason for the emergence of Zhenguan's rule, but also an important manifestation of Zhenguan's rule.
During the reign of Li Shimin, the Tang Dynasty became very powerful and was known as the rule of Zhenguan. In his later years, he wrote the book "Emperor's Model" to teach and admonish the prince. It summarized his life's political experience and also commented on his own merits and demerits.
During his reign, he implemented the government-military system, the rent-to-yong regulation system and the land equalization system, and actively promoted the imperial examination system.
Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was good at listening to the criticism and opinions of his ministers. Wei Zheng remonstrated with him and stated his faults more than 200 times.
Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was also proficient in calligraphy and used to write steles in running lines, becoming the originator of later generations. Famous works include "Hot Spring Inscription" and "Jinci Inscription". After his death, he was buried with the "Preface to the Lanting Collection" written by Wang Xizhi, a master of calligraphy in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
The rule of Zhenguan refers to the peaceful and prosperous era that appeared in the early Tang Dynasty. Because Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was able to appoint talented people, know how to make good use of them, open up new ideas, accept advice humbly, and reuse Wei Zheng, etc.; he also adopted some policies based on agriculture, reducing corvee taxes, recuperating, practicing economy, and improving the imperial examination system, etc., which made the society A peaceful situation emerged. It stands side by side with Li Longji's "Kaiyuan Prosperity" later.
Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, reigned for 23 years, which enabled the Tang Dynasty's economic development, social stability, political clarity, people's prosperity and health, and unprecedented prosperity. Since the reign name of his reign was Zhenguan, people called this period of his rule the "Reign of Zhenguan". The "Reign of Zhenguan" was the most dazzling period in the history of our country.
Taizong learned the reasons for the demise of the Sui Dynasty and attached great importance to the lives of ordinary people. He emphasized putting the people first and often said: "The people are the water; the king is the boat. Water can carry the boat and also capsize it." When Taizong came to the throne, he ordered light corvees and low taxes to allow the people to recuperate and recuperate. ?Taizong of the Tang Dynasty cherished the power of the people and never easily imposed corvee services. He suffered from gas disease and was not suitable to live in the damp old palace, but he lived in the old palace of the Sui Dynasty for a long time.
At the beginning of Zhenguan, under the leadership of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, the emperor and his ministers were harmonious, the whole country was united, and the economy quickly improved. By the 89th year of Zhenguan, cattle and horses were everywhere, the people had enough food and clothing, they didn't close their doors at night, and they didn't pick up things on the street. There was a prosperous scene of Shengping.
Taizong has been in power for more than 20 years, and he has admonished no less than 30 officials. Among them, the minister Wei Zheng has admonished more than 200 matters and hundreds of thousands of words.
Taizong attached great importance to the selection of talents and strictly followed the principle of having both ability and political integrity. Taizong believed that only by selecting a large number of people with real talents and practical learning could he achieve great governance in the world. Therefore, he was thirsty for talents. He issued edicts on seeking talents five times, increased the subjects of the imperial examination, and expanded the scope and number of candidates so that they could be used. More talents are revealed. ?Because Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty valued talents, a large number of outstanding talents emerged during the Zhenguan period. It can be said that there are "a lot of talents, both civil and military". It was these pillars of talent who made great contributions to the formation of the "Reign of Zhenguan" with their intelligence.
Taizong of the Tang Dynasty attached great importance to the rule of law. He once said: "The law of the country is not the law of the emperor and his family, but a law that must be abided by by the whole world. Therefore, everything must be based on the law." The law is enacted After coming out, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty set an example by taking the lead in abiding by the law and maintaining the uniformity and stability of the law. During the Zhenguan period, it was true that the prince committed the same crime as the people when he committed crimes. When enforcing the law, he was impartial and impartial, but when sentencing, Taizong thought repeatedly and was cautious. He said: "People cannot live again after death, and law enforcement must be lenient and simple." Due to Taizong's painstaking efforts, the legal system was very good during the Zhenguan period, with fewer people breaking the law and fewer being sentenced to death. According to records, in the third year of Zhenguan, only 29 people were sentenced to death nationwide, which almost reached the highest standard of the legal system in feudal society - "penal measures" that eliminate the need for punishment.
The idea of ??putting the people first, opening up the avenues of speech, and being open-minded to receive advice; reusing talents and the principle of meritocracy; being selfless and acting in accordance with the law; these constitute the basic characteristics of Zhenguan's rule and have become The best example of feudal governance. Compared with Western countries at that time, the Tang Dynasty was at the forefront of the world in terms of politics, economy, and culture.