"Three Poems and Three Couplets of Yang Yuchun"
Author: Yang Zhengbao and Yang Rui
Yang Yuchun (1761-1837), courtesy name Shizhai, Chongqing Prefecture, Sichuan He was the last famous general with outstanding military achievements in the Qing Dynasty. Yuchun served as the admiral of Gansu and Guyuan successively from the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800) to the fifth year of Daoguang (1825), serving for 26 years. At this time, the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, Eldenbao, was old and the governor was vacant. Emperor Daoguang wanted to promote Yuchun to succeed him because he had been in the northwest for a long time. He was familiar with the situation and had a great reputation. Some civil servants believed that Yuchun was "unlearned" and found it difficult to be competent, so they held an opposition attitude. After several rounds of screening, Emperor Daoguang still could not find anyone worthy of the post, so he ordered Yuchun to take over the post to see the effect. Yuchun presided over the military affairs in office, put down the rebellion of Zhang Geer, the leader of the separatist forces in southern Xinjiang, who was sponsored by British imperialism and participated by foreign careerists, recovered four cities including Kashgar, and safeguarded the unity of the multi-ethnic motherland and the integrity of the territory. The merits were actually awarded. Yuchun served as governor of Shaanxi and Gansu for ten years. He strengthened national defense, organized reclamation, promoted advantages and eliminated disadvantages, so that "the imperial court had no worries about looking to the west."
Yuchun became enlightened at a young age and studied at home. When he was 12 years old, his grandfather Zhankui Gong became pregnant and helped his husband. The family fell into decline and he stopped formal study. However, he had already read "Three Character Classic" and "Sheng "Luke Enlightenment", "Four Books", "Five Classics", "Historical Records", "Three Kingdoms" and Tang poetry and other books. After that, during the slack period, Yuchun also continued to study under the guidance of his grandfather and his hometown teacher, and he already had a foundation in literary and historical knowledge. When he was 17 years old, he changed to riding and shooting. When he was 18 years old, he entered Wuxiang in Chongqing Prefecture and was taught and trained by Liu Chunzhai. Normally, letters to the family are all written by hand. Even when memorials are being discussed, they are drafted by themselves first and then have the clerk copy them according to the program. Changyun said, "There are rituals and music in the army. Those who don't know how to read should not be loyal and filial to others." He attached great importance to the learning of his soldiers, established volunteer schools to coach the children in the army, and often personally preached to the soldiers and their children. The poet Wang Shaohai's documentary poem said: "I have harvested all kinds of seeds from all over the country, but my string songs are like those of a scholar." In his later years, Yuchun also wrote eleven chapters of "Military Preparations", totaling tens of thousands of words. Therefore, it is acceptable to say that Yuchun was not a civil servant; to say that he was "uneducated" is obviously prejudice.
In the fifteenth year of Daoguang's reign (1835), when he retired in spring, the emperor ordered him to "come to Beijing slowly to bid farewell" and was granted the title of first-class Zhaoyong Marquis. The favorable encounter aroused the jealousy of some civil servants towards him, and they wanted to humiliate him through civil affairs, so they invited him to visit the Reclining Buddha Temple in Xishan Mountain in the name of celebration and farewell. When visiting the Reclining Buddha, the civil servants proposed to write poems and chronicles, and Yuchun was recommended to take the lead. Yuchun couldn't thank him, so he pointed to the reclining Buddha and chanted: "You slept well." The civil servants laughed secretly after hearing this. Yuchun continued to chant: "As soon as I sleep, everything will be over." The civil servants were surprised when they heard this succession. They found it a little interesting and wanted to see how you would change the situation. Yuchun continued to chant: "If I sleep with you, who can protect my country!" The astonishing words were in line with his identity and were beyond the ordinary, which surprised the civil servants.
After leaving the temple gate, I saw many bird's nests in the jungle. Some civil servants who refused to admit defeat used the "bird's nest" as the title of the poem to promote the spring poem. Yuchun knew what he meant, but did not refuse. He pointed at the bird's nest and chanted: "One nest, two nests, three or four nests." The civil servants began to feel proud, but they praised the poem in succession! Yuchun continued to chant: "Five nests, six nests, seven or eight nests". The civil servants couldn't help laughing, but they still praised it. Yuchun still calmly chanted: "If you use up thousands of grains of imperial food, there will be so many phoenixes!" Although the civil servants felt a little uncomfortable, they were still unwilling to give up and urged the poems to be chanted again.
Yuchun felt a little angry, so he continued to chant: "I have done little work in the army and have not learned poetry, so why should you force me to do it? The benevolence of the imperial court is shared by all, but I alone know the wind and frost of the frontier." The civil servants who had been entangled repeatedly could not help but feel ashamed and ended up in embarrassment.
When Yuchun was the governor of Gansu Province, he passed through Mian County, Shaanxi Province, and went to Dingjun Mountain to pay a visit to the tomb of Zhuge Wuhou and wrote a couplet to express his admiration:
In the seventh year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, Renxu
Secondly, he showed his loyalty to his ministers, devoted himself wholeheartedly, and lived up to the three visits of Nanyang
He devoted himself to restoring the Han Dynasty to Zuo, expanded the territory and opened up new territories, and died to write the orthodox two dynasties
The emperor ordered the inscription of Yang Yuchun, the military governor of Gansu Province
This couplet was hung in the temple after it was inscribed. It was destroyed during the "Cultural Revolution" and was supplemented by calligrapher Zhang Minzhi in 1984. Reading the couplet, we can see that Yuchun admired the character and achievements of Liu Bei and Zhuge and was deeply influenced by "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" as well as regional relations, so he regarded "Shu Han" as the orthodox one.
After returning home in spring, Zeng wrote a couplet hanging in front of the door, which read:
Holy virtue is like heaven
The heart of a minister is like water
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Those who knew it said, "The upper and lower couplets are hung upside down." Yuchun said: "Without the kindness and virtue of the emperor, how could I be where I am today, so I should hang them like this.
Since then, people in Chongzhou have added another saying: "The opposite of Gong Baofu - the opposite." In that feudal society where "I am the country", it is understandable for Yuchun to have such a thinking.
Yuchun has a villa and a courtyard on the south side of Jinjiang River outside the south gate of Chengdu. The building structure is general, but there is a martial arts training ground and a pavilion to the west that is more special, which can be viewed from the terrace. Yuchun is named after it. "Wanghe", he also wrote a couplet:
When I sit down, I feel the atmosphere of the mountains and forests
I will never forget my heart at this point
The couplet expresses a The retired minister was concerned about the lives of the people and had a sense of security. Later, his great-great-grandson Yonghong donated half of the villa and half sold it to Sichuan Scholar Fan Jingren (Fan Jingren, a Confucian scholar of the Song Dynasty) on the condition that it would not be divided and used for public use. There are ancestral halls for the four masters of the town (Zhen), Fan Chunfu (Zu Yu), Zhang Nanxuan (滻), and Wei Heshan (Liao Weng). There is still a memorial tablet (tablet) of Yang Yuchun at the back to commemorate the sages of Shu. In 1910, Cungu School was founded. It was immediately used as a school building; in 1912, the Chinese Academy of Sciences moved in and was merged with the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Therefore, the passage in front of the door was also called the Chinese Academy of Sciences. After the Chinese Academy of Sciences merged with Sichuan University, the original location was changed to the High School Affiliated to Sichuan University and Jichuan Middle School, and the school gate was moved. To Xiaotianzhu Street, now where the No. 16 Middle School of Chengdu is located.
Yang Zhengbao: the sixth generation grandson of Yang Yuchun
The author is a librarian of the Sichuan Provincial Literature and History Research Institute (Chengdu)
Yang Rui: the eighth generation grandson of Yang Yuchun