Papermaking is a great contribution of our working people to the development of world culture, and the appearance of Xuan paper "as thin as cicada's wings, as white as snow, and as trembling as filaments" is the pride of the Chinese nation. Since 19 won the gold medal at Panama International Expo in 1980s, so far, as a unique paper for painting and calligraphy in the East, no paper can be compared with Xuan paper.
(A) the invention of paper
Long ago, our ancestors wrote or carved notes on leaves, bark, stones, bamboo and wood fragments, tortoise shells and animal bones. According to the textual research of semantic objects unearthed, paper appeared as early as the war. By the time of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty, Cai Lun had made light and affordable paper, and the spread of human culture entered a new period. After Cai Lun's death, disciple Kong Dan tried to create a blank sheet of paper for the portrait of the master, but failed after many experiments. Later, next to the mountain stream in Xiaoling, Jingxian County, I saw an old sandalwood tree fall in the water. Because of the erosion of running water, the bark rotted, revealing long white silk strips. Kong Dan was ecstatic, called his disciples to experiment together, and finally made a piece of white and exquisite paper. Okada belongs to Xuanzhou County, so it is called Xuan Paper.
(2) Paper type
The invention of paper accelerated the development and spread of papermaking. Due to the differences in origin, raw materials and papermaking technology, paper can be divided into many types. From the paper point of view, there are hard paper, such as hard yellow paper, road paper, glossy paper and so on. Soft paper, such as Xuan paper, Yuan book paper, wool paper, etc. Hard paper is hard and slippery, with good transparency and weak water absorption; Soft paper is soft, with poor transparency and strong water absorption, which is the main paper for China's painting and calligraphy. The name of paper varies with the origin and raw materials, such as Xuan paper produced in Xuancheng, Anhui, Guazhi produced in hua county, Zhejiang, Jiajiang paper produced in Jiajiang, Sichuan, and Korean paper (called Korea in ancient times) originated in Korea and was copied in China.
(C) the performance and use of rice paper
According to the existing literature, Xuan paper has a history of 1000 years. After the Southern Tang Dynasty, Yu Na loved poetry, but the emperor was not good at it, but he could write a good hand, which was particularly elegant and good for Four Treasures of the Study. He personally supervised the integrity of the church paper is "skin like an egg membrane, hard and clean as jade, thin and smooth." By the Tang Dynasty, Xuan paper had been listed as a "tribute". The famous painting "Five Cattle Map" in the Tang Dynasty can be preserved to this day, which should be attributed to the texture of rice paper. In particular, The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, drafted by Ouyang Xiu with Cheng Xintang paper, made Xuan paper worth a hundred times and became famous all over the world. Why does Xuan paper have such special properties? It turns out that rice paper is made from the bark of Pteroceltis tatarinowii, which is unique in the mountainous areas of southern Anhui. After a long period of soaking, boiling, washing, bleaching, pulping, fishing, gluing, pasting and baking, it can be made through more than 100 processes. The finished Xuan paper has the characteristics of flexibility, whiteness, fine texture and strong ink absorption, and is welcomed by painters and painters for its unique infiltration and moisturizing performance. Pen and ink have both form and spirit, ink is divided into five colors, shades are appropriate, and Mo Yun is distinct and distinct. Guo Moruo wrote cheerfully when he tried his pen in Xuanzhi Factory: "Xuanzhi is an artistic creation invented by Zhongtong working people. Without it, Zhongtong's calligraphy and painting can't show the wonderful taste of art. "Not only that, Xuan paper also has the characteristics of aging resistance, no discoloration and moth-proofing, so it used to be a special paper for writing diplomatic notes and saving archives. A hundred or even a thousand years later, this is still the case. Xuan paper is white and delicate, soft and tough, easy to ink, easy to use, friction-resistant, moth-proof, colorfast, easy to collect, and has the reputation of "king of paper".
Xuan paper can be divided into raw Xuan, cooked Xuan and alum Xuan. Shengxuan, made of cotton, not boiled. Container), calendering. It is characterized by delicate and soft paper. After writing, the ink is easy to seep out, and there are waterlines around the light ink. Health propaganda can be divided into feeding half propaganda, six auspicious propaganda, tribute propaganda and online propaganda. Cooked roe is made from raw roe by boiling and calendering. Its characteristic is that the paper is not permeable to ink, such as Chunhua Xuan, Qingshui Xuan, Yuban Xuan and Boiling Xuan. Alum is made by brushing alum water on cooked alum. Characterized by hard texture, ink will not ooze after writing. It can be divided into Shu Tianxuan, Xue Xuan, Mica Xuan and Cicada Xuan. Generally speaking, students can write cursive script, official script and seal script and draw freehand brushwork. The familiar Jessica Hester Hsuan and Alum Jessica Hester Hsuan inks are not easy to ooze and spread, and are suitable for writing small letters, cursive scripts and meticulous paintings.
Xuan paper is made into stationery after dyeing, printing patterns, waxing and bronzing. This kind of stationery is generally used for copying poems and writing letters. Good stationery itself has a high collection value. In addition to Xuan paper, fringed paper, wool paper and yuan book paper produced in Fujian, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and other places are economical and practical, suitable for practicing calligraphy and painting. They are soft, yellowish, easy to ink, similar to rice paper, cheap and good, and are deeply loved by calligraphy practitioners.