This sentence comes from the History of Song Dynasty edited by Tuotuo and Arutu in Yuan Dynasty. Sima Guang is a gentleman and a native of Xia County, Shaanxi Province. Seven-year-old Guangsheng is as imposing as an adult. As soon as he heard about Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, he couldn't put it down. He retired for his family and lost his big finger. Naturally, I can't put down my books. I don't know if I'm hungry or thirsty. A group of children were playing in court. One climbed the urn and his foot fell into the water, so everyone abandoned it. As long as the urn is broken with a stone, the water will burst and the child will live.
Translation: Sima Guang, a native of Xia County, Shaanxi Province. When Sima Guang was 7 years old, he was like an adult (the ancient adult refers to the weak crown, 16 years old, not the present 18 years old). He especially likes to listen to Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, and come back to tell his family after understanding its main idea. From then on, I couldn't put it down for Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, even forgetting hunger and cold.
A group of children are playing in the yard. A child stood on a vat and fell into the vat and was flooded. All the other children have run away. Sima guang broke the jar with a stone, and the water flowed out, so that the children could live.
Extended data:
Sima Guang (1 019165438+1October17-108665438+1October/. Han nationality. Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now Xia County, Shanxi Province) is a native of Sushui, who is known as Mr. Sushui in the world. Politicians, historians and writers in the Northern Song Dynasty. After Anping presented King Sima Fu in the Western Jin Dynasty.
In the first year of Song Renzong Baoyuan (1038), Sima Guang was admitted as a scholar and graduated from Longtuge with a bachelor's degree. When he was in Song Shenzong, he left the imperial court for fifteen years because he opposed Wang Anshi's political reform, and presided over the compilation of the first chronicle general history in the history of China —— A Mirror with Resources.
After four dynasties of Renzong, Yingzong, Zongshen and Zhezong, Shangshu's official position has always been Zuo Assistant Minister. He was given a surname, Wen Guogong, honest and gentle, humble and upright; Work hard and diligently. Boasting that "the day is insufficient, the night follows", his personality can be called a model under Confucian education and has always been admired.
Sima Guang wrote a lot in his life, including Sima Zheng Gong Wen, Ji Gu Lu, Su Shui Ji, Xu Qian and so on.
Sima Guang's main achievements are embodied in his academic research. Among them, the greatest contribution is to preside over the compilation of Zi Tongzhi Jian. During the Xining period in Song Shenzong, Sima Guang strongly opposed Wang Anshi's political reform and asked to go abroad. In the fourth year of Xining (107 1), he was sentenced to Xijing Yushitai, and lived in Luoyang for the next fifteen years without asking about political affairs. During this leisurely time, Sima Guang presided over the compilation of 294 volumes of nearly 4 million words of chronological history book Zi Tongzhi Jian.
Sima Guang's paradise is not only his apartment, but also the location of Zitongzhi Bamboo Slips Bookstore. The environment here is beautiful and the style is simple, which reflects the owner's interest and pursuit. Its publishing house was established in Bianjing. In addition to Sima Guang, famous scholars at that time, such as Liu Shu, Liu Ban and Fan Zuyu, participated in the work of the publishing house.
Among them, Sima Guang is the editor-in-chief, Liu Shu, Liu Ban and Fan Zuyu are co-schools, and Sima Kang, the son of Sima Guang, is responsible for collating the text. After Sima Guang came to Luoyang, he moved the bookstore of Zi Tong Zhi Jian from the capital of song dynasty to Luoyang. Not only the staff of the bookstore live in the park, but also celebrities such as Er Cheng, Shao Yong and Wen Yanbo often come here for parties. This is an academic center.
He said in Zi Zhi Tong Jian: "I am so tired now, my eyes are dim, my teeth are missing, my knowledge is exhausted, and I immediately forgot. My energy is on this book. " Sima Guang devoted his life to this book. Less than two years after writing, he died of overwork. From the publication of Zi Tongzhi Jian to the abridged and finalized version of Zi Tongzhi Jian, Sima Guang wrote it himself, and so did others.
Zi Tong Zhi Jian is the largest chronicle in China, with 294 volumes, which runs through ancient times and modern times, starting from the early Warring States when Korea, Zhao and Wei were divided into Jin Dynasty and ending at the end of the Five Dynasties, lasting 1362. The author recorded the historical facts of this year 1362 in chronological order, taking the year as the longitude and the historical facts as the latitude. The cause and effect of major historical events are clearly explained, so that readers can see the development of historical facts at a glance.
Hu Sansheng, a historian at the turn of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, said: "If you don't know the mirror, you will want to govern without knowing the source of autonomy, and if you are evil, you won't know the art of preventing chaos. If you are a minister and don't know Tong Jian, then you have nothing to do with the monarch and nothing to do with the people. ..... This is like using soldiers and teachers to create laws and regulations. I don't know what the ancients got, but it is inevitable to lose and win. " (Preface to New Notes of Zi Zhi Tong Jian)
Wang Yinglin said: "Since the contract was made, there has been no one like Tong Jian." Wang Mingsheng, a great historian in the Qing Dynasty, said: "This book is indispensable between heaven and earth, and it is also a book that scholars can't help reading" (Volume I of the Seventeen Histories). Liang Qichao, a famous scholar in modern times, commented on Tong Jian and said: "The Tong Jian written by Sima Wengong is also a great work in the world. Its magnificent structure and rich materials make it impossible for future generations who want to compile a general history to take it as a blueprint, but so far no one can rule it. Wen Gong is also a great man! "
Sima Guang devoted his life to history and politics, and was not proud of literature. He commented that "as for literature, it is not his strong point". However, his knowledge is extensive and profound, and he combines learning with writing articles, although he has no intention of writing for the sake of writing. Sima Guang thinks that flashy poetry is useless. What he praises is plain and carefree poetry, which expresses true temperament and true self.
In the aspect of Confucian classics, Sima Guang carried forward Confucianism, vigorously developed Buddhism and Taoism, and made many groundbreaking interpretations of Confucian classics. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhu, Zhou Dunyi, Shao Yong, Er Cheng (Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi) and Zhang Zai were also called "the six sons of Taoism".
Sima Guang's main styles are official script and official script, and they are more than official script. The main features of the book are: clear strokes, regular and flat structure, and the horizontal strokes often contain the intention and shape of silkworm head and phoenix tail, which is obviously integrated into the tradition of official script. The characteristics of official script are: it is not as simple as Han Li, and it is not as beautiful as Tang official script. However, its brushwork is sharp, penetrating, thick and vigorous, and its structure is mostly vertical.
Although the font is small, it is full of energy, and the turning point is angular and rigid. The lines are connected by a straight arc, which is very beautiful in simplicity. In addition to the official law, there is also the intention of opening a mold. There is no fullness that is common in the Tang Dynasty, and there is a wind of anger but not power.
Sima Guang's achievements in calligraphy mainly benefit from his understanding and appreciation of calligraphy, painting and epigraphy. According to his personal thoughts, he learned from others' strengths, gathered strength, prestige, Jin people's connotation and Tang Jie's strength in one furnace, and formed a distinctive personal appearance and style, which is undoubtedly unique in the calligraphy of Song people.
Huang Tingjian's On Books once commented: "Your book is not very good, but it is full of spirit, like a man. The so-called left criterion, right rule, sound as law, and degree can be seen from his book. " Song Gaozong also said: "Sima Guang's official script is really like the Han people, which is not seen in Mi Fei in recent times. I have five volumes of official script, and I play with its characters every day.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Sima Guang