Comparison between running script and regular script
Running script:
1. Origin
1. Introduction:
Running script It was produced on the basis of regular script and is a font between regular script and cursive script. It was produced to make up for the slow writing speed of regular script and the difficulty of identifying cursive script. "Xing" means "walking", so it does not It's as sloppy as cursive script, but not as straight as regular script. In essence, it is the cursive version of regular script or the regular version of cursive script. Those with more regular script than cursive script are called "Xing Kai", and those with more cursive script than regular script are called "Xing Cao".
2. Origin: According to legend, there are two theories about the origin of running script:
First, according to Zhang Huai's "Shu Duan": "The running script was created by Liu Desheng of Yingchuan in the later Han Dynasty. That is, the small errors in the official script are kept simple, so it is called running script." From this statement, we know that "running script" is the transformation of "official script".
2. According to Wang Sengqian's "Xingshu" "Able to Write Names of People in Ancient Times" says: "Zhong Yao's script has three types: the first is the book inscribed on stone, which is the most wonderful; the second is the charter book, which is used to pass down secretaries and teach young scholars; the third is the line-signed book, which is for those who hear about it. Wei Kaizi of Hedong Province adopted Zhang Zhi's method, combined it with Kai's method, and made a draft. The draft is the calligraphy of Xiangwen." From this, we know that the running script is also called the running script, which was originally developed from the painting and calligraphy. It refers to pen letters, letters and the like.
2. Characteristics
1. Characteristics of pen usage
Running script is a kind of calligraphy between regular script and cursive script. The writing style is more indulgent and flowing, close to cursive script, which is called Xingcao; the writing style which is more upright and steady, close to regular script, is called Xingkai script.
In the process of writing, the movements of the pen and strokes are reflected in each stipple. This kind of movement is more obvious in all forms. This kind of movement of the brush strokes often leaves traces of mutual involvement between the dots and the characters, as thin as a gossamer. This is the thread.
Running script is the fast writing of regular script and the flow of regular script. After analyzing several groups of characters in regular script and running script, it was found that when writing in regular script and running script, there are stipple writing methods and guidelines that need to be followed when using the pen, such as center, stroke, and reverse. The flat out, lifting and pressing main, and hidden front are all the same, but the running script is more stretched and flowing.
The pen used in running script has the following characteristics:
1. Most of the stipples are written with exposed edges on the paper;
2. Use flat sides instead of flat ones;
3. Use simple strokes instead of complicated stipples;
4. Use hooks, picks, and threads to enhance the echo of pointillism;
5. Use round turns instead of square folds;
2. Structural features
Both big and small. That is, each character is different in size, and the pens of a character are connected to each other. The connections between characters include real connections, intentional connections, breaks and connections, and they echo each other.
Combination of retraction and release. Generally, short lines are for retraction and long lines are for release; returning to the front is retraction, and side forward is for release; most of them are left retraction and right release, up retraction and downward release, but they can also be converted to each other. Exclude left and right, upper and lower.
The density is appropriate. Generally, it is dense at the top and sparse at the bottom, dense on the left and sparse on the right, dense on the inside and sparse on the outside. The middle palace is tightly knotted, and the smaller the blank space is when it is framed. The better, the smaller the blank space for the circled strokes, the better. The layout should be tightly spaced, the line spacing should be widened, jumping and leaping, vigorous and colorful.
Blending shades and light. Writing in running script should be easy , lively, quick, master the combination of speed and delay, movement and stillness. The first character of the ink color arrangement should be thick and the last character should be dry. The lines should be long, thin, short and thick, with appropriate weight and alternate shades.
3. Development
The time when running script appeared is about the same as the eight-point regular script, and its form is also very close to the eight-point regular script and later official script. This is equivalent to changing from the official script (Zhang) Cursive script is another branch derived from "Zhengti characters". In addition to official script, the "Zhengti characters" of the Huanling Dynasty were followed by "Bafen Kaifa", so people think that running script is another branch of "Bafen Kaifa". In fact, it is the same as other calligraphy styles. It was originally founded by ordinary mass writers. As long as the eight-point calligraphy is more integrated with other calligraphy and loses its official style, it will become running script. In the late Han Dynasty, it was generally We can see unearthed bamboo slips everywhere. In the late Han Dynasty, running script was not widely used. It was not until the emergence of Wang Xizhi of the Jin Dynasty that it became popular. In the hands of Wang Xizhi, running script perfectly combined its practicality and artistry. rise. Thus, the art of Southern calligraphy, which has shined for eternity, was created and became the most influential school in the history of calligraphy.
Regular script:
1. Origin
Regular script, Also known as regular script, regular script, regular script or true script
Shu is a common font in Chinese calligraphy. Its font is relatively square, unlike official writing which is flat. Regular script is still the reference standard for modern Chinese handwriting, and another handwriting - pen calligraphy has also been developed.
< p> Its characteristics are: square shape and straight strokes, which can be used as models, hence the name. It began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. There are many famous regular script writers, such as "Ou Ti" (Ouyang Xun), "Yu Ti" (Yu Shinan), "Yan Ti" (Yan Zhenqing), "Liu Ti" (Liu Gongquan), "Zhao Ti" (Zhao Yufu), etc.2. Characteristics
1. Pay attention to the use of pen
< p>The strokes of fountain pen regular script include Teton, hidden, square and round, fast and slow, etc. Different pen usage methods produce lines with different shapes and textures, and different lines require different pen usage methods to express. Pen regular script glyphs The strokes are small, and the thickness of the lines does not change much. If you are not careful when writing, the strokes will not meet the requirements, and the strokes will appear weak, stiff and rigid. Therefore, you must undergo strict training to master the method of using the pen.< /p>2. Clear strokes
The starting and ending of each stroke in fountain pen regular script must be clearly explained, neat and standardized, clean and neat, and cannot be scrawled or stuck together. But the relationship between strokes There must also be an internal echo relationship so that the strokes can be: orderly starting and ending, clear-cut, solid and powerful, yet still and continuous, straight but not stiff, curved but not weak, smooth and natural.
3. The structure is square and neat
The structure of pen regular script emphasizes the balanced distribution of strokes and radicals, a stable center of gravity, appropriate proportions, correct font shapes, and compliance with standards. When the characters are arranged together, they must be well-proportioned in size and line. Neat. Although there are uneven changes in form, overall it is still neat and tidy.
3. Development
1. Song Xuanhe's calligraphy: "In the early Han Dynasty, there were Wang Cizhong began to use official characters to write regular script." He believes that regular script evolved from ancient official script. The strokes of regular script are simple and clear, and they must be like the branches of a regular tree.
2. In the early stage of "regular script", There are still very few official brushwork left, with a slightly wider structure, long horizontal strokes and short straight strokes. Among the Wei and Jin Dynasties handed down from ancient times, such as Zhong Yao's "Declaration Table" (left picture), "Jian Ji Zhi Table", Wang Xizhi's "Le Yi Lun", "Huang Ting Jing", etc. can be regarded as representative works.
3. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the north and the south split, and calligraphy was also divided into two schools: the northern and southern schools. The northern style of calligraphy carries the legacy of the Han Dynasty. , the brushwork is ancient and vigorous, but the style is simple and strict, which is better than calligraphy. This is the so-called Wei stele. Southern calligraphy is more sparse and graceful, and is better than ruler tablets.
4. Due to regional differences, the Southern and Northern Dynasties , personal habits and calligraphy styles are completely different. The northern books are strong, and the southern books are borrowed, each is perfect, and there is no distinction between superior and inferior. However, Bao Shichen and Kang Youwei strongly praised the books of the two dynasties, especially the Northern Wei stele style. Kang ranked ten Beautiful, to emphasize the advantages of Wei stele.
5. The regular script of the Tang Dynasty is like the prosperity of the country in the Tang Dynasty, which is truly unprecedented. The calligraphy style is mature and calligraphers emerge in large numbers. In terms of regular script in the early Tang Dynasty, The regular script works of Yu Shinan, Ouyang Xun, Chu Suiliang, Yan Zhenqing of the mid-Tang Dynasty, and Liu Gongquan of the late Tang Dynasty were all valued by later generations and regarded as models for calligraphy.
1. Every stroke of regular script is very delicate. Standard, there is no connection between strokes. The key points of writing regular script well are: a. First, master the characteristics of each basic stroke; b. Pay attention to the layout of the frame structure and the interspersion and avoidance of strokes; c. The intention is to put the stroke first , Be confident;
2. Running script: The ancients said, wipe as if standing (standing), walk as if walking, and grass as flying. Running script is to move the pen slightly faster on the basis of regular script, and the strokes are because of the running strokes. The threads are formed faster, and the connection between strokes is more obvious. Just like a standing person (limbs stationary) starts to walk (limbs swinging in response).