Question 1: Where is the authentic copy of the Lanting Preface? 5 points According to the New Tang Book, the Old Tang Book records that the Lanting Preface should still be in the Qianling Mausoleum. As mentioned above, the Qianling Mausoleum is quite well protected. It is the Tang Dynasty The only thing inside the imperial mausoleum that has not been robbed and excavated, and what is even more legendary is that two emperors are buried in it. History books say that the Lanting preface was kept in an iron box, and the ink was as good as new.
Mr. Guo Moruo advocated that the tomb excavated was not the Qianling Mausoleum, but the tomb of the crown prince of Tang Zhongzong Li Xian, because he mistakenly believed that it was Li Xian’s tomb and made a bet with the wife of the mayor of Beijing. excavated.
After the Qianling Mausoleum was discovered in the 1970s, it was intended to be excavated. However, the Ming Tombs had just been excavated at that time and were not very successful. Many precious cultural relics were oxidized and destroyed because there were no better ones. Due to the anti-oxidation measures, the Qianling Mausoleum has not yet been excavated.
Question 2: What is so good about "Lanting Preface"? When observing a thing, you must understand it from the micro to the macro, and you cannot follow others' opinions! As for the masterpieces in the history of Chinese civilization, as a Chinese, we must understand what is so great about them! If you don’t know, you are ignorant!
"Lanting Preface" has long wanted to understand what is so good about it? Because I don’t know calligraphy and don’t understand calligraphy, I don’t dare to belittle myself! Therefore, I found a question on the "Baidu Knows" website and felt that it explained it more comprehensively, so I forwarded it to share with everyone! The following is the full text:
What is so good about "Lanting Preface"?
On the third day of March in the ninth year of Yonghe reign of Emperor Mu of Jin Dynasty (353), Wang Xizhi and forty-one celebrities, including Sun Tong, Sun Chuo, Xie An, and Zhi Dun, were practicing rice at the Orchid Pavilion in Kuaiji. , compose poems to express feelings. During this period, he wrote thirty-seven poems, which were compiled into the "Orchid Pavilion Collection", for which Wang Xizhi wrote a preface. This is the "Preface to the Lanting Collection", "the best running script in the world", also known as "Lanting Preface" and "Lanting Collection".
The most outstanding works of art often contain extremely rich artistic beauty in a very small space. "Lanting Preface" is a miniature palace of calligraphy that stands tall in size.
Taizong of the Tang Dynasty praised its "point-and-draft work and wonderful cutting."
Huang Tingjian insisted that "The Preface to Lanting is a draft of Wang Youjun's favorite book in his life. I have read it repeatedly and found that there is not a single word or stroke, which is unsatisfactory."
"Preface to Lanting" Dao Mei Jin Jian's beautiful brushstrokes flow through every detail. Slightly dissecting the horizontal strokes, there are exposed front horizontal, belted front horizontal, lowered head horizontal, downward cross, upward cross, parallel horizontal, etc., which can be changed according to your needs. The vertical paintings are either hanging needles, making jade tendons, falling dew, diagonally vertical, arcing vertically, hooks, curved heads, double forks protruding, or juxtaposed, all of which are wonderful. The points include oblique point, front point, curved point, flat point, long point, hook point, left and right point, up and down point, two water points, three water points, three horizontal points, right point, etc. There are oblique strokes, straight strokes, short strokes, flat strokes, long curved strokes, arc strokes, return strokes, hooked strokes, curved strokes, parallel strokes, etc. The pick may be short or long, and the fold may include horizontal fold, vertical fold, or diagonal fold. Among them, there are diagonal bows, flat bows, back-front bows, hooked bows, long-point bows, falcon-tailed bows, etc. The hooks include vertical hooks, vertical curved hooks, oblique hooks, horizontal hooks, right curved hooks, circular curved hooks, horizontal folding hooks, left flat hooks, and return hooks. No matter horizontally, vertically, dotted, left, hooked, folded or pressed, it can be said that it is the most wonderful way to use the pen to make sharp strokes.
Each of the three hundred and twenty-four characters in "Lanting Preface" was created by Wang Xizhi to create an image of life, full of flesh and blood, and endowed with its own character, spirit, and style. Rituals: Whether sitting, lying down, walking, dancing, or singing, within a certain size, all the virtuous people have arrived and all their appearances have appeared.
The wealth of Wang Xizhi’s wisdom is not only reflected in the different constructions of different characters, but also more prominently in the different constructions of the word chong. There are more than twenty characters "Zhi" in the preface, none of them are similar, and each has its own unique charm. There are also important words such as "thing", "wei", "yi", "suo", "xin", "yang", "qi", "chang", "bu", "jin", "lan" and "huai". ", "Xing", "Hou", etc. are all unique and have their own wonderful compositions.
Dong Qichang wrote in "Essays on Painting a Zen Room": "The composition of Youjun's "Lanting Narrative" is the best in ancient and modern times. The characters are all reflected in the background, small or large, just like the hand. All are in accordance with the rules, so it is a divine product." Later generations cherished the beauty of its layout, and although those who copied it could not help but incorporate their own style of writing, no one changed the composition of it slightly.
Just as Xie Jin said in "Chun Yu Miscellanies": "Youjun's Xu Lanting is both beautiful in wording and especially good in layout. The so-called gain is too long, and loss is too short. "The composition of "Lanting Preface" is like a natural beauty, dancing gracefully, and the beauty of its dance is unparalleled.
The Orchid Pavilion cultivated evil spirits, which enabled Wang Xizhi to realize the beauty of mountains and rivers, the mystery of the universe and the true meaning of life. In the state of forgetting both things and myself, he wrote the eternal masterpiece "Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection" in one go. Because of his profound feelings, he can pay attention to every detail and feel at ease; also because of his precise brushwork, he can make the bottom of his pen look like flowing clouds and flowing water, with both form and spirit; and because he has all kinds of beauty, he can make this manuscript His writing finally reached a state of high splendor and harmony. In the face of this perfect work, although later generations of famous artists tried their best to imitate it, they failed to achieve it.
Zhang Boyun of the Southern Tang Dynasty: "Those who are good at Dharma calligraphy will each gain a part of the right army. If Yu Shinan gained his beauty but lost his handsomeness, Ouyang Xun gained his strength but lost his elegance, Chu Suiliang gained Its meaning was lost in change, Xue Ji gained its clarity but was lost in embarrassment (ancient Ci, meaning: cramped and embarrassed)." And Wang Xizhi himself only wrote this masterpiece (Jiego, an ancient Ci, meaning: embarrassment). : Excellent work!), and then he wrote "Lanting Preface" again, but it couldn't match the wonder of the original work. Shen Yin......>>
Question 3: Where does the Lanting Preface exist? The Lanting preface was later obtained by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Taizong highly praised Wang Xizhi's calligraphy and ordered his ministers Zhao Mo, Feng Chengsu and others to carefully copy some copies. He liked to give these copies or stone rubbings to some royal families and favorite officials, so at that time, such copies, which were "first-class authentic works", were also "Luoyang paper expensive". In addition, there are also copies of famous works by Ouyang Xun, Chu Suiliang, Yu Shinan and other famous artists handed down to the world. It is said that the original works were used as burial objects when Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty died and will never be seen in the world. According to historical records, the "Lanting Preface" in Li Shimin's posthumous edict stated that it was to be placed under his head. That is to say, this treasure should be in Zhaoling (the mausoleum of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty). However, Wen Tao, the governor of Yaozhou in the Five Dynasties, stole the Zhaoling Mausoleum, but the list of unearthed treasures he wrote did not include the "Lanting Preface", so most likely the "Lanting Preface" was hidden in Qianling (Wu Zetian's mausoleum) in. Among the folk rumors around the Qianling Mausoleum, there has long been a theory that Wu Zetian was buried with him in the "Lanting Preface". Today's so-called "Lanting Preface", in addition to several Tang copies, stone rubbings are also extremely precious. The most legendary one is "Song Tuoding Wulanting Preface". Whether it is a copy or a rubbing, it is quite convincing for the study of Wang Xizhi. At the same time, it is an extremely precious material for the study of calligraphy of past dynasties. Information about "Lanting Preface" abounds in Chinese calligraphy books, too numerous to mention. There has always been a lot of controversy over whether "Lanting Preface" was written by Wang Xizhi, which triggered quite intense debates about ecumenism in the late Qing Dynasty and the 1960s. Some people also think that the Lanting Meeting was a secret meeting to discuss military affairs, and it was used to cover up people's names in the name of calligraphy. In any case, its calligraphy status is unshakable
Question 4: Where is Wang Xizhi's original Lanting Preface now? Wang Xizhi regarded "Lanting Preface" as a family heirloom and passed it down from generation to generation until the seventh generation of the Wang family. In the hands of Son Jiyong. However, Zhiyong became a monk for some unknown reason and naturally had no heirs after his death, so he passed the copy of the ancestral legend to his disciple, Monk Bencai. In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin collected a large number of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy treasures and studied them frequently. He admired the original "Lanting Preface" even more, and repeatedly offered large sums of money to search for it, but to no avail. Later, it was discovered that the original copy of "Lanting Preface" was in the hands of a monk named Biancai in Kuaiji. This led to a story that Tang Taizong deceived "Lanting Preface" and the original copy was buried with Emperor Taizong in Zhaoling. This story adds to the legendary and mysterious atmosphere of "Lanting Preface". There are two versions of the Lanting story recorded by the Tang Dynasty. Liu Wei's "Jiahua of the Sui and Tang Dynasties" records: "Wang Youjun's "Lanting Preface" was in Liang Dynasty and was away. Chen Tianjia was acquired by the monks... After the death of Master Guo, the disciple monk Biancai obtained it. Taizong was the Queen of Qin and saw the rubbings. Surprisingly, it turned out that "Lanting" was not found in the expensive book of the king, so Xiao Yi traveled across the country to get it. In the fourth year of Zhenguan, he entered the Qin Dynasty and copied ten copies. As a gift to his ministers. After the emperor died, Chu Suiliang was ordered to write: "Lanting is an important work of the late emperor and cannot be kept." ’ So he kept it secret in Zhaoling. "Taiping Guangji" contains very different records from He Yanzhi's "Orchid Pavilion". He Wen said that during Zhenguan, Taizong studied the two kings' books and imitated all the original works, but "Lanting" was not found. Later interviews revealed that Biancai was After being summoned three times, Biancai falsely claimed that the scriptures had been lost and his whereabouts were unknown. Fang Xuanling recommended Xiao Yi, the supervisory censor, to retrieve them out of wisdom.
Xiao Yi concealed his identity, disguised himself as a down-and-out scholar, and fell in love with him, playing chess, chanting, discussing calligraphy and painting, and became friends with him throughout the years. Later, he showed off his treasure and showed the authentic "Lanting" hanging on the roof beam. "Lanting" became Xiao Yi's name. Yi took the opportunity to privately read this post and returned to Chang'an. Taizong ordered several copies to be given to the prince and the king's ministers. On his deathbed, he said to Li Zhi: "I want to ask for something from you. You are sincere and filial. How can you go against my heart? What do you want?" So, the original "Lanting" was buried. Zhaoling. He Yanzhi said that the above story was told orally by Yuan Yuan, a disciple of Wen Biancai, at the former residence of Zen Master Zhiyong in Yongxing Temple. Liu and He said that the plot is suspenseful. It is generally believed that He said that it is floating and inaccurate, Liu said that it is true and credible, and there is no more deception and whispering. Although the plots of the two are different, the original copy of "Lanting Preface" was buried in Zhaoling, and the accounts are consistent. This incident has repercussions. According to the "New History of the Five Dynasties? Biography of Wen Tao", Wen Tao, the governor of Yaozhou in the Later Liang Dynasty, once robbed the Zhaoling Mausoleum: "Tao walked down the road and saw the palace system. It was magnificent and no different from the human world. The main bedroom was in the middle, with stone beds in the east and west compartments. Inside the stone letter is an iron box, which contains all the books written by King Zhong. The paper and ink are as new as new. Tao took it out and passed it on to the world." According to this record, the original copy of "Lanting" passed into the hands of Wen Tao, the "thief who robbed the mausoleum". See the sun again. In addition, Cai Ting in the Song Dynasty said in a postscript that when the "Lanting Preface" was buried together, it was replaced by a fake copy for Li Shimin's sisters, and the original copy remains in the world. Since then, the news about the authenticity of "Lanting" has disappeared like the yellow crane, and its whereabouts are even more of a mystery within a mystery. After Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty obtained "Lanting", he ordered Feng Chengsu, a famous calligrapher in Hongwen Hall, as well as Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang, to copy several copies and give them to his relatives and ministers. When Taizong died, he was buried with authentic works. The "Lanting Preface" that has been handed down from generation to generation is no longer the original work of Wang Xizhi. There are many types of handed down versions, some are wood and stone engravings, some are copies, some are copies. Famous works such as "Dingwu Lanting" are said to be copied by Ouyang Xun. It was named after it was discovered in Dingwu, Hebei (now Zhengding, Hebei) during the Northern Song Dynasty. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty ordered Feng Chengsu to make a copy of the book called "Lanting Preface to Shenlong Edition". Since his copy had the small seal of "Shenlong" from the Tang Dynasty, he named it "Lanting Preface to Shenlong Edition" to distinguish it from other Tang copies. The ink color in this book is the most vivid, vivid on the paper, and the imitation is exquisite. The silk is drawn to reflect the ribbon, and every detail is revealed. There are hundreds of words in the text, and there is no word without string. The style and charm are all reflected, and we can basically get a glimpse of the style of Xi Zhi's original work. It is recognized as the best copy and is regarded as a treasure. The paper copy of "Lanting Preface" copied by Feng Chengsu is now in the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing. It is 24.5 cm high and 69.9 cm wide. This copy was once in the imperial palace of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty. It was acquired by Guo Tianxi in the early Yuan Dynasty. It later belonged to the great collector Xiang Yuanbian and was reacquired by Qianlong. Imperial Mansion.
Question 5: Where is Wang Xizhi's "Lanting Preface" originally? Legend has it that it was originally brought to the mausoleum by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty as a burial object, and now he is sleeping in Zhaoling. How much I want to admire the original work of "Lanting Preface"! However, there is no authentic piece of calligraphy by Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi and his son on earth and in the world.
Question 6: Where is the preface to Lanting? "Suspense Records of the Tang Dynasty: Code of Lanting Preface": "Lanting Preface" was originally called "Linhe Preface" and there was no historical record in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. This article was not mentioned until "Shishuo Xinyu" annotated by Liu Xiaobiao of the Southern Dynasty. The full text is 153 words long. In the Tang Dynasty, "Linhe Preface" was renamed "Lanting Preface", adding 167 words to the preface, and the full text was 324 words. This version eventually spread to later generations. In 1965, Guo Moruo published an article pointing out that "Lanting Preface" was not written by Wang Xizhi, triggering an academic debate that shocked the country. In the Tang Dynasty, what opened the curtain on an unsolved case was an unprecedented assassination case: On the third day of June in the tenth year of Yuanhe (815), on the streets of Chang'an, before dawn, the Prime Minister of the Tang Dynasty Wu Yuanheng was walking to the court. On the way, the lanterns of the guards were suddenly shot out by arrows, and dozens of killers poured out of the darkness. The leader raised his knife and cut off Wu Yuanheng's neck and took away his head. The next day, the goddess detective Pei Xuanjing received half of the "Lanting Preface" copied by Wu Yuanheng the night before his death, and a mysterious five-character poem. It turns out that Wu Yuanheng had a premonition of his own death, leaving behind a series of puzzles. The solver must solve the puzzle correctly step by step. If he makes a wrong move, the truth will be lost forever...
Question 7: The authentic copy of Wang Xizhi's "Lanting Preface" is now there. Emperor Taizong Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty loved Wang Xizhi's calligraphy and kept it in the palace. He asked his ministers and copy masters to copy and engrave it, and compiled it into "Seventeen Calligraphies" and so on. He especially loved "Lanting Preface". According to Emperor Gaozong's will, he was buried with him. Legend has it that he was brought to Zhaoling, but some say it may not have been, and some say it was stolen by tomb robbers. In any case, the original is not yet available.
Question 8: Where is the "Lanting" in Wang Xizhi's "Lanting Preface" in Zhejiang Province? The Lanting in Wang Xizhi's "Lanting Preface" is at the foot of Lanzhu Mountain in Lanting Town, 14 kilometers southwest of Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province.
Lanting, located at the foot of Lanzhu Mountain in Lanting Town, 14 kilometers southwest of Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, is the garden residence of Wang Xizhi, a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the internal history of Kuaiji. It is a Jin Dynasty garden. This area has "high mountains, lush forests and bamboos, and clear rapids, reflecting the surroundings", making it a beautiful place on the mountain. According to legend, King Gou Jian of Yue planted orchids here during the Spring and Autumn Period, and set up a post pavilion during the Han Dynasty, hence the name Orchid Pavilion.
According to historical records, in AD 353, that is, March 3, the ninth year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Xizhi, his friends Xie An, Sun Chuo and other celebrities, as well as 42 relatives and friends gathered at Lanting in Kuaiji County. They performed the ritual of cultivating bad luck, drinking water and sipping wine, and wrote poems. Later, Wang Xizhi compiled the poems and essays of everyone into a collection and wrote a preface. This is the famous "Preface to the Lanting Collection". Legend has it that when Wang Xizhi was intoxicated with wine, he quickly wrote this preface with silkworm cocoon paper and a mouse-whisker pen. There are 28 lines and 324 words in it. Every word with repetition has different variations and is exquisite.
Question 9: Where is the original copy of Lanting Preface? No one really knows where it is, because the data records are not consistent with the actual ones. Some data are recorded in Wu Zetian’s tomb, and some say it is in Wu Zetian’s tomb. In her husband’s tomb...it’s hard to tell