The first scholar in the history of China was Sun, and Tang Wude was the first scholar in five years.
Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the most respected national hero was Wen Tianxiang, the top scholar in Chen Bing in the fourth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1256). With his lofty patriotism and national integrity, he is known as the "top scholar among the top scholars".
Among the top scholars in past dynasties, Weng Tonghe, the top scholar of Chen Bing in the sixth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1856), played an important role in the political situation in China. He was an imperial envoy twice in his life, and he was the leader of the imperial envoys in the dispute between the emperor and the latter two factions in the late Qing Dynasty. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, he actively supported Kang Youwei's idea of political reform and recommended it to Emperor Guangxu, which eventually contributed to the "Reform Movement of 1898" and greatly changed the political situation at that time.
Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the only one who became emperor from the top scholar was Li Zunxu, the top scholar of Guihai Branch in the tenth year of Xixia Tianqing (1203). He is the son of Li Yanzong, the imperial clan king of Xia Dynasty. In the tenth year of Tianqing (1203), he participated in the Xixia Imperial Examination and won the first place in Shi Ting, becoming the champion. Attack the king of Qi and promote the prefect. Later, in the second year after the establishment of Emperor Xixia (12 1 1), a palace coup was launched, and Xia Xiangzong was abolished and became emperor for Xia Zongshen.
It is well documented that the first scholar who won the "three yuan" in the imperial examination was Cui, the first scholar in the new postal department in the second year of Tang Jianzhong (78 1). He has been admitted to Beijing Zhaofu Jietou (Xie Yuan), Scholar-like Head (No.1 scholar), erudite macro-words, and systems.
The first scholar in the past dynasties was the only one who rose from the champion of Wu to the prime minister. He experienced four dynasties: Xuanzong, Suzong, Daizong and Dezong, and served as prime minister twice. At the same time, he is also the most outstanding martial arts master of all ages.
In the imperial examinations of past dynasties, the number of "three yuan students" was the largest in the Northern Song Dynasty, including six people, including Sun He, Wang Zeng, Song, Yang Zhenmi, Feng Jing and Wang.
Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the number of officials to prime ministers (including equivalent prime minister positions, such as cabinet records and university students) in the Ming Dynasty was the largest, including Hu Guang and Shang Lu 17.
Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the highest achievement in poetry and painting was Wang Wei, the top scholar of the New Weike in the 19th year of Tang Kaiyuan (73 1). He is one of the outstanding representatives of the pastoral poetry school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and his poetic art is considered to be "from Li (Bai) to Du (Fu), which should be the first". His paintings are highly regarded as the "ancestor of southern paintings", and ancient literati paintings began with him.
Zhang Xiaoxiang, the top scholar in JOE in the 24th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 154), achieved the highest achievement in ci creation. His ci follows Su Shi, full of spirit and strong patriotic color. He and Zhang are also called the pioneers of the great patriotic poet Xin Qiji.
Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the highest achievement in calligraphy was Tang Yuan and Liu Gongquan, the top scholar in the third year (808). He is good at regular script and cursive script, and is also called "Yan Liu" with Yan Zhenqing, another great calligrapher in Tang Dynasty. Historically, he, Yan Zhenqing and Zhao Mengfu in Tang Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty were also called "four masters of regular script" in China.
Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the highest achievement in historiography is the Five Dynasties. 1? 1949, wang pu, the first scholar in this discipline. On the basis of Su Mian's founding conference in Tang Dynasty, he compiled hundreds of volumes of Tang Yaohui according to the conference compiled by Su Mian in Tang Dynasty and Yang Shaofu's sequel. Later, according to the History of the Five Dynasties, it was written into thirty volumes of the Five Dynasties Meeting. Not only the historical materials are rich and accurate, but also the style and method of text classification and compilation are formally established, which is imitated by future generations. This contribution is called "great achievement" by the summary of Siku.
Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, Yang Shen, the top scholar of Xinxu Branch in the sixth year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (151year), has the most abundant works. He is not only engaged in poetry creation, but also writes, writes songs and composes music, and attaches importance to folk literature. He is an accomplished writer and a famous scholar. There are more than 400 kinds of works in his life. Although many of them have been lost, there are still more than 100 kinds left. There are about 2,300 existing poems, and the rich works will be the first tomorrow.
Among the top scholars in previous dynasties, the highest botanical achievement was Ding Chou's top scholar Wu (18 17) in the 20th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty. He served as the governor of many provinces all his life, and paid great attention to the relationship between local abundance and people's livelihood. According to what he heard and saw, he made a list of drawings, and arranged the relevant plant literature in ancient books into 22 volumes of Textual Research on Plant Names and 38 volumes of Textual Research on Plant Names, which was an important botanical monograph in China in the19th century.
Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the most famous thinker was Chen Liang, the top scholar in the fourth year of Shao Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 193). He advocated paying attention to career utility and supplementing the national economy and people's livelihood. He put forward the proposition that "those who benefit the universe don't care about things, and those who use them for daily use don't care about things", and had many debates with Zhu He on the relationship between justice and benefit. His theory is unique and he is the founder of Yongkang School. At the same time, he is a famous writer.
Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, Zhang, the top scholar in Yuan Dynasty and Nine Years (8 14) in Tang Dynasty, loved tea best, which contributed to the study of tea ceremony in China. He wrote The Book of brew tea and commented on the advantages and disadvantages of various kinds of spring tea frying. It is another important research work on tea ceremony in China after Lu Yu's Tea Classic.
Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the only diplomatic envoy who has been to Eastern European countries is Hong Jun, the top scholar of Chen Wuke in the seventh year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1868). In the 13th year of Guangxu (1887), he was sent to Russia, Germany, Holland and Austria for three years. He wrote the Supplement to the Translated Works of Yuan History by using western language materials, which initiated a new era of studying Yuan history by using western language works and materials.
Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, it is well documented that the only one who was recruited by the emperor as Ma Xu was Zheng Hao, the top scholar in Ren Xu in the second year of Tang Huichang (842). He was the first scholar, and seven years later, that is, three years of middle school (849), he was recommended by Prime Minister Bai Minzhong as a candidate for Ma Xu to Tang Xuanzong, the daughter of Tang Xuanzong.
Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the only one who was executed by the emperor was Ding Chou, the top scholar Lian in the thirty years of Ming Hongwu (1397). Because all the people who entered the palace were southern scholars, they were dissatisfied with the northern scholars. Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was furious and ordered the examiners and Lian and others to be executed.
In the history of China, the only female champion was Fu Shanxiang, the female champion of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom for three years (the third year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, 1853).
In the history of China, the first person who took the imperial examination in a minority language won the first place. In the 13th year of Jin Shizong Dading (1 173), Qiuci Jurchen was the first scholar (also known as strategic scholar). He took the imperial examination in Jurchen.
The last scholar in the history of China was Liu Chunlin, and Chen Jia was a scholar in the 30th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1904). He won the imperial examination, and the following year, in the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905), Empress Dowager Cixi issued a letter to stop the imperial examination, so he became the last scholar in the history of China.
The largest number of top scholars in the past dynasties was the Tang Dynasty. In 285 years, from the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu Wude (622) to the fourth year of Aiditian (907), the imperial examination was held almost once a year, and about 270 champions were produced. The number of people who can take the exam in ancient books such as Entrance Examination for Universities and Talking about Hui Nationality is 140.
In the history of China, Jiangsu Province produced the most number one scholar in Qing Dynasty. From the 4th year of Shunzhi (1647) to the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), there were 49 champions in 247.
In the history of China, Suzhou House in Qing Dynasty has the largest number of champions, with a total of 24 champions.
In the history of China, Yongfu County (now Yongtai, Fujian) produced the largest number of top scholars in a short period of time. From the second year of Avenue (1 166) to the eighth year of Avenue (1 172), there have been three champions.
The dynasty that produced the largest number of brothers' champions in history was the Tang Dynasty, with 19 brothers' champions, such as (brothers) and Zhang (brothers).
The Northern Song Dynasty produced the largest number of father-son champions in history, with six father-son champions, including Zhang Quhua (father) and Zhang Deye (son).
Among the brothers' top scholars in the past dynasties, the closest ones are Kong Kunxun (brother), the top scholar of your branch in the 14th year of Tang Xiantong (873), and Kong Mi (brother), the top scholar of Shen Bing branch in the 3rd year of Tang Ganfu (876). The time between the two brothers winning the first prize is only three years.
Among the top scholars of fathers and sons in the past dynasties, An Deyu (father), the top scholar in the second year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (969), and An Shouliang (son), the top scholar in Ginseng in the fifth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (972). The time between the father and son champions is only three years.
In the 20th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1894), Zhang Jian, the top scholar in Wu Jia, began to engage in industrial activities and made great achievements. He was engaged in industrial activities in and the following year (1895), and successively set up dozens of enterprises and a large number of social undertakings, which influenced the whole country and was known as "a great educator and industrialist in China".
Among the top martial arts scholars in the past dynasties, the only one who took the exam twice, first exploring flowers and then taking the exam was Ma Quan, the top martial arts scholar in Chen Geng in the 25th year of Qing Qianlong (1760). Ma Quanchu was named Ma Quan Wang. In the seventeenth year of Qianlong (1752), he took part in a martial arts Jinshi examination and won three places in palace examination. Later, due to conflicts with colleagues during his tenure, he was removed from office. In order to wash away his shame, he changed his name to Quan, determined to win fame again, and finally won it in palace examination, a martial arts scholar for twenty-five years (1760).
The youngest champion
The youngest champions are Su Gui, who won the first place in Yonghui in seven years, and Guo, who won the first place in Xianheng in four years. Both of them are 18.
The oldest round
The oldest scholar in history is Yin Shu in the Tang Dynasty. He didn't take the exam until he was over 70. By chance, he volunteered to take part in the competition and became the champion. During the Jiaqing period, Wang Yan, a native of Hangzhou, took the pilot exam at the age of 80, but he died before entering the palace for the exam, otherwise he might break the record of Yin Shu.