In the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, the porcelain stone raw materials with the best surface weathering were selected, the elutriation clarification process was gradually improved, and the wire drawing forming technology was becoming more and more mature. In particular, the spinning process is used to spin and trim the dried blank with an iron knife, so that the porcelain tire is extremely thin and greasy, and the shape is neat and beautiful. In fact, the diameter of the large bamboo hat bowl is more than 20 cm, and the wall thickness of the bowl is less than 0.2 cm. Such a large-caliber thin tire device could not be rebuilt on a large scale even if the porcelain-making technology reached its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
During this period, there was a large amount of glaze ash in the glaze, the glaze surface was completely melted and the transparency was particularly good. There are few residues such as bubbles and crystals in glaze layer. The width and depth of dents in engraved, scratched and die-printed patterns are different, and the accumulated thickness of glaze layer and the size of block surface change, and the glaze color gradually evolves from light bluish white to sky blue and lake green. Ming Che's pure hard green glaze with rich color changes greatly enhances the artistic effect of patterns, giving people the aesthetic feeling of "music melody is like soul".
Brown eyes are an important feature of celadon glaze. The green tire is used as raw material, and high temperature sintering produces a large number of bubbles, which escape through the glaze, and some glaze is not filled in time, resulting in brown eyes of different sizes. Brown eyes are not only different in size and depth, but also in different shapes. Most of them are just dents on the glaze, but some of them have needle-like pores that penetrate the glaze and connect the porcelain tires. After nearly a thousand years of soil immersion, radial fan-shaped soil immersion spots of different sizes were formed on the underglaze tires. The illumination image is obvious and can be used as important evidence for identification.
Inselaton has a beautiful shape and unique decorative skills, especially in carving and painting flowers. Doll pattern, lotus pattern, water ripple, etc. Full composition, smooth lines, full of rich flavor of life. Thick lines are carved vertically first, and then obliquely along a straight line. This can't help but remind people of the "Han Ba Dao" craft of jade carving in Han Dynasty. According to the needs of composition, the depth of music score, the slope of diagonal line, the width of inclined plane and so on are all varied. Each line has obvious bulges, just like the lifting, pressing, stopping and pressing in China's calligraphy. Thin lines vary in depth and width, showing the outline of flowers, leaves, water waves and dolls. Smooth and powerful, rhythmic beauty. The beginning and end of the lines are accurate and natural. Craftsmen are professional, confident and skilled, and can be described as "experts in solving cattle". Craftsmen also used local materials to create special tools for carving and drawing flowers, which not only greatly improved work efficiency, but also achieved unimaginable artistic effects. A plane inclined bamboo pen made of bamboo, similar to the existing combination pen, has a width of1-2cm, and the pen end is cut into thin bamboo filaments arranged in a stepped manner. By lifting the pressure on the wrist, concentric water ripples with different lengths and thicknesses are drawn. These concentric water ripples are naturally and orderly arranged in the outline of thick lines, with multiple knives as the main line and single knife as the outline, forming a complete pattern. Rhythmic line changes give lotus leaves a breeze, and lotus seeds are ready to come out: look at the ripples on the lake at close range and the rapidity of the river at a distance. The outline of the knife outlines several dolls, with fat and lively heads, playing in the water between ponds? A seemingly complicated picture is actually naturally interesting. There are no dispensable lines in the whole picture, which is enough to imagine how thoughtful the craftsmen were at that time.
Looking at the unearthed objects, from the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, high-quality Hutian kiln products were mostly fired by sagger pad firing method. Although the production efficiency has been greatly improved, the firing technology of lined crock and the packaging firing technology of combined kiln furniture with gasket, which were invented and widely used in Ding Kiln, are rarely used to produce high-quality Hutian kiln products. The most important reason is that the mangkou affects the quality. Although the firing output of sagger pad is limited, it can maintain the excellent quality of products to the maximum extent. In fact, the most outstanding achievement is that the kiln worker can skillfully control the strong reducing flame, making the porcelain tire compact and the transmittance better and better. The glaze melts completely, giving off the charming charm that the shadow glaze is green, white and moist as jade. Moreover, the combination of fetal glaze is close, and the transparency and hardness have reached the standards of modern hard porcelain.
From the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, the production technology of celadon reached its peak in history. Products are mainly bowls, plates and pots, and new varieties such as vases, incense burners and sculptures have also appeared. Hutian Kiln and Hu Xiang Kiln are the most representative.
In the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, on the surface, there was a lack of high-quality porcelain stone resources, social unrest, and a large number of skilled craftsmen lost. In order to pursue the output unilaterally, the washer combination kiln furniture is widely used, so it is difficult to discharge the moisture in the kiln in time, which is not conducive to the temperature rise in the kiln and is easy to cause the glaze to yellow. At this time, the Mangkou Bowl was covered with patterns and patterns, with monotonous and dull shapes and complicated and trivial patterns. But the molded product is more geometric: the combined kiln furniture with cushion blocks also greatly reduces the deformation rate of the product during firing. During this period, a small number of products with inverted pads appeared. The decorative composition was simplified, and the carved lines were smooth, but they were obviously delicate and weak, and they did not pay attention to the connection and coherence of lines. From the end of the Southern Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, there were still movies burned. Especially in the mid-Yuan Dynasty, many products have the characteristics of glaze modeling, and obviously have the basic elements of high-quality bright colored glaze.
Scope of this tender
China ancient and modern masters of calligraphy and painting.
Fine ceramics: ancient kiln furniture from kiln mouth to official kiln, among which the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty and the official kiln in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties are the best.
Emerald jade: Gao Gu Yu, Ming and Qing Hetian jade, A grade jade is the best, requiring good jade quality and fine carving.
Miscellaneous interests: bamboo and wood tooth carvings, Four Treasures of the Study, Tianhuang, bloodstone, gold and silver vessels, bronzes, etc.