(A) the overall comparison of tea culture
The connotation and extension of tea culture are very extensive. Although it takes tea ceremony as its core, tea ceremony is only a part of tea culture, which at least includes tea literature, tea art, teahouse culture and folk tea culture.
In Japanese tea culture, tea culture and tea ceremony are almost synonymous, and both tea literature and tea art converge in the tea ceremony, so some Japanese scholars call the Japanese tea ceremony a "comprehensive cultural system".
In Korean tea culture, tea ceremony is the mainstream, similar to Japan. Korean tea literature is more developed in Japan, such as Cui Zhiyuan, Li Hsing, Jin Quan, Li Kuibao, Li Chongren, Zheng Mengzhou, Li Wei, Cui Yi and Kim Jong-hye. He wrote a lot of tea poems and essays in China, while Japanese only wrote a few tea poems and essays, which had little influence.
In China tea culture, tea ceremony, tea literature, tea art, teahouse culture, folk tea culture and other aspects are well developed. Teahouses in China flourished in the Song Dynasty and prevailed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are many nationalities and a vast territory, forming a rich and colorful tea custom culture of local and ethnic minorities; Since the Tang Dynasty, paintings and calligraphy about tea events have emerged one after another. Tea literature is even more spectacular, with poems, lyrics, songs, poems, couplets, novels, plays and other literary genres, including Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, Yuan Zhen, Liu Zongyuan, Du Mu, Ouyang Xiu, Fan Zhongyan, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan and Su Zhe. In China tea culture, tea ceremony and tea literature coexist, and folk tea culture is colorful. Teahouse is a unique landscape in China tea culture.
Japanese tea ceremony and Korean tea ceremony can be used instead of Japanese tea culture in China, but it is not enough to talk about tea (tea art), at least we can't ignore tea literature.
(B) Cofucianism, Taoism, Buddhism's comparison of tea culture
The three East Asian countries all belong to the Confucian cultural circle and the Buddhist cultural circle, and Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism play a light or heavy influence in the tea culture of the three countries.
In China tea culture, Taoism comes first, Confucianism comes second and Buddhism comes third. China culture is "Confucianism and Taoism complement each other". Confucianism plays an important role in social ethics, but in the field of culture and art, Laozi, Zhuangzi and Taoism have a greater influence. Taoism advocates inaction and nature, and pursues spiritual freedom and simplicity and truthfulness of human nature. Shown in tea culture, it does not pay attention to the etiquette and form of tea ceremony like Japan and South Korea. China Tea Ceremony advocates nature, simplicity, informality, freedom and naturalness.
In Korean tea culture, the influence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism is the first, followed by Buddhism and Taoism. Although Buddhists in Silla and North Korea played an important role in the spread of tea culture, Confucianism, especially the Song and Ming Daoism represented by Zhu and Wang Yangming, played the most important role in North Korea's social politics and daily life, and Zhu Xi's family rituals were widely accepted. Therefore, Korean tea ceremony is also called tea ceremony, and Confucian etiquette is dominant, followed by Buddhism and Taoism.
In Japanese tea culture, Buddhism, especially Zen, is the first, Taoism is the second and Confucianism is the third. The disseminators of Japanese tea culture are mainly Buddhists, such as Zuyi, Konghai, Yongzhong, Rongxi, Minghui Ren Shang, Nanpu Shao Ming, Xixi Daoyuan, Zhuoqing Chengzheng, Murata Zhuguang and Yuan Yin Qi Long. Japanese tea ceremony takes "Zen tea taste" as its purpose, and realizes Zen with tea ceremony.
Zen is more important in Korean tea culture, and it plays a decisive role in Japanese tea culture, but it has less influence in China tea culture. Tea culture in China, Korea and Japan is mainly influenced by Taoism, Korean Confucianism, Japanese Buddhism and Taoism. Therefore, China Tea Ceremony pays attention to the art of tea tasting, that is, tea art; Confucianism is dominant and Confucianism respects ceremony, so Korean tea ceremony pays attention to etiquette and Buddhism, so Japanese tea ceremony belongs to Zen.
(C) Comparison of Tea Ceremony
Tea ceremony is the core of tea culture. This paper compares the tea ceremony of China, Korea and Japan from two aspects: tea ceremony spirit and tea ceremony.
1, Comparison of Tea Ceremony Spirit
South Korea's tea ceremony spirit originated from the meditation of Wonhyo Daisa, a monk in the early days of Silla's reunification, and was carried forward by Li Xing, Jin Quan, Zheng Mengzhou, Li Chongren and especially Li Kuibao. Finally, it was fully reflected in the eminent monks of the Li Dynasty in North Korea, such as Master Xishan, Ding Ruoyong, Cui Yi, Kim Jong-hui and Zen Master Yichao. Yuan Xiao's thought of peace and tranquility is the root of Korean tea ceremony spirit, which Li Kuibao attributed to harmony, emptiness and Zen. Finally, Zen master Yicao collected the spirit of Korean tea ceremony and advocated the spirit of "Zhongzheng". Generally speaking, the spirit of tea ceremony in South Korea is respect, ceremony, harmony, tranquility, purity, metaphysics, Zen and righteousness, which combines the thoughts of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, while respect, ceremony, harmony, purity and righteousness mainly reflect Confucianism.
The spirit of China's tea ceremony originated from Lu Yu's "frugality" thought and Jiao Ran's "truth" thought in The Book of Tea, which was embodied in Pei Wen, Zhu Quan. The spirit of China's tea ceremony can be summarized as purity, harmony, quietness, truthfulness, frugality and lightness, with the ideological elements of Lao Zi, Zhuang Zi and Dao being heavier.
The spirit of Japanese tea ceremony originates from "Zen tea blindly" and is based on "a little while" and "harmony, respect, purity and silence". "For a while" is the embodiment of Buddhism's impermanence, and "purity and silence" has a strong Buddhist meaning. The spirit of Japanese tea ceremony can be summarized as Zen.
Korean tea ceremony is most influenced by Confucianism, so it emphasizes respect, ceremony, harmony and righteousness; Japanese tea ceremony is most influenced by Buddhism, so Zen tea is harmonious and quiet blindly; China Tea Ceremony is most influenced by Taoism, so it emphasizes purity and truth and returns to simplicity and nature.
2. Comparison of tea art
China is the birthplace of tea art, and Chinese tea art has successively formed three situations: frying tea, ordering tea and making tea, all of which have spread to South Korea and Japan. Stir-fried tea was introduced to Japan in heian period, and to Korea during Silla reunification, but it has disappeared in China, Korea and Japan. Tea-ordering tea art was introduced to Korea in the early days of Korea and Kamakura era in Japan. It is the basic form of Korean tea art and Japanese matcha tea art. Tea-making tea art was introduced to Korea in the early Li Dynasty and Japan in the Edo era. It has also become the basic form of Korean tea art and Japanese tea-stir-frying tea art. Since the mid-Ming Dynasty, only tea-making techniques such as pot-making, kneading and kung fu have been popular in China, while tea-stir-frying and tea-ordering techniques have disappeared. However, some aspects of frying tea and ordering tea still remain in Korea.
The above is a comparative introduction of tea culture in China, Korea and Japan, and I hope it will help you understand this knowledge. The tea culture of the three East Asian countries is inextricably linked. In the oriental tea culture circle composed of China, South Korea and Japan, South Korea's tea culture is in an intermediary position, which is the joint point connecting Chinese and Japanese tea cultures. If you want to compare Chinese and Korean tea culture, you can't do without Japanese books as a reference, so here we mainly compare Chinese and Korean tea culture with Japanese tea culture.