Su Shi’s thoughts: Su Shi is not only the representative of the highest achievement of literature in the Song Dynasty, but also a typical embodiment of the cultural spirit of the Song Dynasty. He adhered to the Confucian spirit of worldliness in politics, and adopted the broad-minded attitude of Zhuang Chan in life. He was persistent and detached, and he was omnipotent. This state of life had a profound impact on the life attitudes of the Song Dynasty people and many literati after the Song Dynasty. . His charisma is unparalleled in ancient history. In terms of the extent to which he is loved by future generations, he is unmatched among writers of all ages.
Influence on his style of writing: Su Shi has achieved comprehensive achievements in the creation of poetry, prose and lyrics, and is a rare literary all-rounder in the history of literature.
1. Su Shi's prose has a colorful artistic style and represents the peak of Song Dynasty's literary creation.
2. Su Shi's poems have a wide range of themes and diverse styles, reflecting his extraordinary creative talent and artistic expression ability. In terms of content, form, technique, language and other aspects, he breaks through the stereotypes of his predecessors. He often writes poems that are bold and bold, yet have meaningful charm and rich poetic flavor. Su's poems not only display majestic momentum, express deep emotions and graceful charm, but also often contain profound philosophy. Su Shi was also a great scholar with profound knowledge. He read everything, and his poems also showed a strong bookishness, becoming one of the models of poetry based on talent and learning.
Su Shi's innovation of Ci
Su Shi's broad mind and extraordinary talent are also prominently reflected in his creation of Ci. Su Shi, following Liu Yong, carried out a comprehensive reform of the style of poetry. He injected masculinity into the soft and graceful word style, and transplanted the expressive functions and techniques of poetry into words, so that words can express the author's temperament and personality like poetry. His innovative achievements have improved the literary status of Ci style, freed Ci from being an accessory to music, and turned it into a new poetic style that can develop independently. Su's poetry has various styles, especially Qingxiong's broad-minded and unrestrained boldness. It brings a new aesthetic realm to the history of poetry. "Pointing out the way up, new eyes and ears in the world", enlightening new creative paths for future generations.
In the minds of literati in the Song Dynasty and later generations, Su Shi was a genius literary giant. His works were widely circulated at the time and had a profound influence after his death. His poems, essays and lyrics have all reached the peak of development in their respective literary fields and become a model for future generations to learn from.
Su Shi’s influence on the literature of the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty.
Su Shi is the most outstanding leader in the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty after Ouyang Xiu. He enthusiastically cultivated underachievers and united many important writers around him. Among them, the most famous were Huang Tingjian, Zhang Lei, Chao Buzhi, and Qin Guan, collectively known as the "Four Scholars of the Su School", plus Chen Shidao and Li Ruoyou. Together they are known as the "Six Gentlemen of Sumen".
Starting from the Shenzong Dynasty when Su Shi dominated the literary world, the development of literature in the Song Dynasty reached its peak. The poems of Su Shi and Huang Tingjian reached the pinnacle of Song poetry creation. The poems of Zhang Lei, Chao Buzhi, Qin Guan and Chen Shidao also achieved important achievements. While Su Shi was reforming the style of his poetry, the world of poetry also saw a flourishing situation with diverse styles and numerous poets. Yan Jidao, Qin Guan, and Huang Tingjian were all important poets in this period.
In the late Northern Song Dynasty, with the changes in the current situation and the development of literature itself, literary styles also underwent major changes. Due to political reasons, the imperial court banned the academic and poetry works of Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and others, and the development of literature entered a relatively sluggish period. Su Shi's influence is still widespread. But in terms of poetry, the model that people at that time studied was mainly Huang Tingjian's "Valley Style". Under the influence of Huang Tingjian, a new poetry school gradually formed, the so-called "Jiangxi Poetry School". In terms of lyric creation, important lyricists include He Zhu and Zhou Bangyan.
Analysis of representative works: Shuilongyin (Ciyun Zhang Zhifu Yanghuaci)
It looks like a flower but not a flower, and no one cherishes it. Leaving home on the road, my thoughts are ruthless and thoughtful. The lingering damage to the soft intestines makes the delicate eyes want to open but also close. The dream travels thousands of miles with the wind, looking for the man's whereabouts, but is still called by the oriole. I don’t hate that these flowers have all flown away, I hate that the red flowers in the West Garden are difficult to decorate. When dawn comes and the rain passes, where are the traces? A pool of broken apples. There are three parts of spring scenery, two parts of dust, and one part of flowing water. If you look closely, you can see that they are not Yanghua, but the tears of Li Ren.
This poem uses vivid pen and ink to describe the image of Yang Hua, and uses Yang Hua to compare people's wandering and decline, vaguely expressing the poet's personal feelings about his life experience. The whole poem is written in an inseparable way, capturing the spirit of the spirit from the relics, with all manner of manners and infinite tenderness. It is both about Yanghua and about people. The poet integrated his subjective feelings and sighs about his unfortunate encounters into the image of Yang Hua.
From the fact that no one cherishes Yanghua, from the dispersion of Yanghua, we can seem to see the unfortunate fate of the poet and some people similar to the poet. It is truly achieved that there are people in the flowers, spirits in the form, both reality and reality, and both form and spirit. Liu Xizai's "Yi Gai·Ci Qu Ming" said: "Dongpo's "Shui Long Yin" comes up with the cloud: 'like a flower, but also not like a flower'. This sentence can be used as a comment on the whole poem, which means that it is inseparable and inseparable." Wang Guowei also praised this poem. When he was ready, he said: "Since then, Dongpo's "Shui Long Yin" has been the most perfect word for chanting things." , a romantic figure through the ages. On the west side of the fort, the way of humanity is, Chibi, Zhou Lang of the Three Kingdoms. Rocks pierced through the sky, stormy waves crashed onto the shore, and thousands of piles of snow were rolled up. The country is picturesque, and there are so many heroes at one time. I think back to Gong Jin's time when Xiao Qiao got married for the first time and looked majestic and handsome. Feather fans and silk scarves, while talking and laughing, the boats and oars disappeared into ashes. My motherland wanders in my mind, I should laugh at my passion, and I will be born early. The world is like a dream, and one statue still shines in the moonlight.
This poem was written in July of the fifth year of Yuanfeng, Shenzong of the Song Dynasty. The author was 47 years old at the time and had been demoted to the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian for more than two years. The poet was severely hit politically by the "Wutai Poetry Case" and his thoughts were extremely depressed. Therefore, he often sought relief by climbing mountains and rivers and paying homage to ancient monuments. However, he cannot completely forget politics. Sometimes he cannot maintain temporary inner peace due to the stimulation and inducement of external things. His passion, his ideals, his complaints and grievances often burst out like a volcano through the vent of literature. His famous prose before and after "Red Cliff Ode" and many other famous poems are the products of this kind of ideological and emotional impact. "Nian Nujiao" is the most widely read famous poem during this period and is also the representative work of Su Shi's poetry.
This poem describes the magnificent scenery near Red Cliff. By praising ancient heroes, it expresses the poet's ideals and ambitions and the lamentation of the boss's inaction. The first film describes the scenery, and the scenery is emotional, which evokes the nostalgia for ancient heroes. The two sentences at the beginning of the chapter, "The river goes eastward", are so grand that they cover the whole article, reflecting the main idea of ??the poem: all the "romantic figures" in history will inevitably be "swept away" by the waves, let alone the ordinary people who are silent and odorless! Endless emotions of rise and fall arise from this. The second two sentences use concise words to highlight the times, characters, and places, paving the way for the appearance of the heroes. The three words "humanity is" not only highlight the ancient battlefield's reputation as a household name and passed down from generation to generation, but also secretly explain that this "Red Cliff" was not the place where the real battle was fought back then, but was just a legend among people. The three sentences "Rocks piercing the sky" refer to the strange and thrilling scenery witnessed by the poet: the rocks piercing the sky, the waves crashing on the shore, and the snow-like waves all seem to show the majesty of that time to future generations, telling the story It reflects the great achievements made by the "romantic figures" of that year. These three sentences include what you see when you look up and down, the intersection of distant and close views, colors, and the sound of waves. Only these three sentences in the whole poem describe the scenery of Red Cliff in a positive way, but they are written with great enthusiasm and full of energy. The momentum of the ancient battlefield is fully revealed and penetrates into every corner of the whole article, just waiting for the characters to appear. The two sentences "Jiangshan is like a picture" are completed in one stroke and connect the upper and lower parts, naturally transitioning from ancient battlefields to ancient heroes.
The next film can be divided into two parts. From "remote thoughts" to "disappearance into ashes", it depicts Zhou Yu's handsome young man and his majestic posture calmly facing the enemy, expressing the author's admiration and yearning. The word "Yao Xiang" closely follows "Zhou Lang Chibi" and "How Many Heroes", and the transition is clever and natural. The poet captured some of the typical character and behavioral characteristics of the elegant and famous general Zhou Yu. "Xiao Qiao's first marriage" is used to set off his "majestic appearance", "feather fan scarf" is used to show his elegant behavior, and "talking and laughing" is used to express his elegant demeanor. Showing his strategic wisdom, he writes the characters vividly with just a few strokes. From "Homeland Journey" to the end is another level. These five sentences not only show the author's "fugue" about the ideal state, but also reflect the author's nihilistic attitude towards life. As far as the whole article is concerned, what runs through it is not "the world is like a dream", but the praise of "romantic figures", the pursuit of lofty ideals, and the complaints and indignation caused by political frustration. The magnificent natural scenery, the majestic heroes, and the pursuit of ideals in life are organically intertwined to form the heroic style of this poem. Its everlasting and exciting artistic power is produced here.
One of the most artistically outstanding features of this poem is that it creatively depicts heroic figures in history, pushing the nostalgic poem "Denglin" to a new level. Before that, Ci, as an emerging literary style, was mainly used to describe the amorous feelings of men and women and the worries of travel. Liu Yong's Ci has been expanded in content, but the extent is limited.
Wang Anshi's "Guizhixiang" ("Going to See Off") is magnificent and has an open layout. It is a rare masterpiece in the Northern Song Dynasty's poetry world, but in terms of conception, it is still limited to mentioning the past and hurting the present. On this basis, Su Shi improved the ordinary condolences of the past and lamented the present into the praise and praise of heroic figures in history. This is the reason why this word is so high. Another artistic feature of "Niannujiao" is the development of the traditional artistic technique of integrating scenes. The author starts from the natural scenery in front of him, introduces historical figures, and expresses his personal emotions. The majestic and dangerous scenery of Red Cliff becomes a powerful backdrop for the poet to pursue ancient heroes and express his personal pride. The natural landscape, historical figures, and personal emotions are intertwined. , and focuses on expressing the poet's ideals and aspirations and the feeling of being incompetent. The poem describes the picturesque scenery of the country and exaggerates Zhou Yu's achievements, all in order to make this emotion deep, long and concrete. Another characteristic of this poem is that the language is concise and distinctive, using only a small amount of ink but the image is extremely vivid. Scene description: "The great river goes eastward", "rocks pierce the sky, violent waves crash on the shore, and thousands of piles of snow are rolled up". The Yangtze River is rolling with turbulent waves, and the mountains at Chibijitou are steep. The historical figure who appears in this background is "Xiao Qiao was married for the first time, with majestic appearance. Feather fan and turban, while talking and laughing, the oars and oars disappeared into ashes." Look, how elegant and elegant Zhou Lang was back then, calm and unhurried, and able to predict the enemy like a god. All these effectively enhance the majestic artistic conception and heroic style of this poem. No wonder it has been praised by later generations as "the masterpiece of ancient and modern times".
Shui Tiao Ge Tou (Bingchen Mid-Autumn Festival, I drank happily till the end of the year, got drunk, wrote this article, and also had a child)
When will the bright moon come? Ask the sky for wine. I wonder what year it is today in the palace in the sky? I want to ride the wind back home, but I am afraid that it will be cold in the high places. Dance and clear the shadow, how does it seem to be in the human world! Turn to the Zhu Pavilion, look down at the Qihu, and the light will make you sleepless. There shouldn't be any hatred, so what's the point of saying goodbye? People have joys and sorrows, separations and reunions, and the moon waxes and wanes. This is a difficult thing in ancient times. I hope that people will live long and travel thousands of miles to meet Chanjuan.
This poem was written by the author when he was in Mizhou during the Mid-Autumn Festival in the ninth year of Xining, Shenzong of the Song Dynasty. During this period, because Su Shi had different political views from Wang Anshi and other reformers in power, he sought to be more open to the outside world and became an official in various places. He once asked to be transferred to an official position closer to Su Che so that his brothers could gather together more often. After arriving in Michigan, this wish still could not be realized. In the Mid-Autumn Festival of this year, the bright moon was in the sky and silver lights were everywhere. After parting ways with his brother Su Zhe, it had been seven years since they were reunited. At this moment, the poet faced a bright moon, his heart was ups and downs, so he took advantage of the wine and wrote this famous poem. The small preface before the poem explains the process of writing the poem: "On the Mid-Autumn Festival in Bingchen, I drank happily and got drunk. I wrote this poem at the same time as I was pregnant with my son." Obviously, this poem reflects the author's complex and contradictory thoughts and feelings. On the one hand, it shows that the author has lofty political ambitions. Although he was 41 years old at the time and was in Mishu, far away from Kyoto, and was very unhappy politically, he was still full of confidence in reality and ideals; on the other hand, due to political Frustrated, the ideal cannot be realized, and the talent cannot be used, thus creating a strong dissatisfaction with reality and fostering thoughts and feelings of passive avoidance. However, what runs through the whole poem is the love for life and the positive and optimistic spirit expressed in the poem.
In natural scenery, the moon is very romantic, and it can easily inspire people's artistic associations. A crescent moon can be associated with budding things; a full moon can be associated with a beautiful life of reunion; the brightness of the moon can be associated with an upright personality. How many beautiful longings and ideals of human beings are concentrated in the image of the moon! Su Shi was a poet with a bold personality and romantic temperament. When he looked up at the bright moon of the Mid-Autumn Festival, his thoughts and emotions seemed to have grown wings and soared freely in heaven and earth.
The first film is about admiring the moon during the Mid-Autumn Festival. The moon triggers the fantasy of the heavenly wonderland. The beginning of the sentence is unusual. The poet uses the poetic meaning of Li Bai's "When will the moon come in the blue sky? I will stop drinking and ask it now" ("Pursing Wine and Asking the Moon"). The poet uses a question to lead the readers into the philosophical vastness of time and space. world. The poet's question seems to be tracing the origin of the bright moon and the beginning of the universe, and also seems to be praising the beauty of the Mid-Autumn Festival and the ingenuity of nature. It contains the poet's praise and yearning for the bright moon. The reason why the author wants to use Li Bai's poetry is that firstly, Li Bai's poems about chanting the moon are widely circulated, and secondly, Su Shi often compares himself with Li Bai, which is also implied here. The tone of Li's poem is relatively soothing, but after Su's poem was changed into a question sentence, it became abrupt and abrupt. Su Shi regarded Qingtian as a friend and drank wine, which showed his bold character and extraordinary courage. The two sentences "I don't know" build up doubts and guide readers to think about big issues such as the universe and life.
"The palace in the sky" represents the "bright moon", "What night is it today" represents "when will it be", and the needlework is fine. Continuing to raise doubts will also push forward the admiration and yearning for the bright moon. I asked and thought about it but couldn't find the answer, so I had the thought of "I want to ride the wind back home". Li Bai was called the "Exiled Immortal", and Su Shi was also called the "Po Immortal". The poet suddenly had a whim and planned to return to his hometown in "heaven" to explore the eternal mysteries of time and space. Su Shi had a high self-esteem in his life and regarded himself as an "immortal", so of course he could ride the wind and go home to see what year "this evening" is in the world and in heaven? Is fairyland better than earth? The reason why the poet has this fantasy of being separated from the world and transcending nature comes from his curiosity about the mysteries of the universe on the one hand, and more importantly, his dissatisfaction with the real world on the other hand. There are so many unsatisfactory and unsatisfactory things in the world, forcing the poet to imagine getting rid of this troubled world and living a free and easy life as a fairy in a beautiful palace. Su Shi was later demoted to Huangzhou, and he often had similar fantasies. The so-called "the boat passed away from now on, leaving the rest of his life in the river and sea", and the description of his ecstatic feeling when boating under the moon in "Qian Chibi Ode", all came from ** *Same ideological basis. However, in the poem, this is just a plan. Before it can be unfolded, it is interrupted by another opposite thought: "I am afraid that the high places will be too cold." These two sentences make a sharp turn. Although the "Qionglou Yuyu" in the sky is magnificent and beautiful, it is too cold and unbearable to live there for a long time. The poet deliberately found out the flaws in heaven to strengthen his determination to stay on earth. One positive and one negative further reveals the poet's love for human life. At the same time, the Mid-Autumn Moonscape is still written here. Readers can appreciate the beauty of the moon and the coldness of the moonlight. This turning point expresses the poet's ambivalence of nostalgia for the world and longing for heaven. This kind of contradiction can more deeply explain the poet's thoughts and feelings of nostalgia for the world and love of life, and shows the poet's broad mind and far-reaching ambition, thus bringing a broad-minded style to the lyrics. "It's too cold at high places" is not the fundamental reason for the author's reluctance to go back. "Dancing to see the shadows makes it seem like they are in the human world" is the fundamental reason. Instead of flying to the cold moon palace, it is better to stay in the human world, dance under the moonlight, and at least be with your own shadow. The psychological transition from "I want" to "I am afraid" to "What is it like" shows the ups and downs of Su Shi's emotions. He finally returned from hallucination to reality. In the conflict between being born in the world and joining the world, the idea of ??joining the world finally prevailed. "How is it like to be in the world" is an unquestionable affirmation, and the vigorous writing power shows the intensity of emotion.
The next part is about looking at the moon and cherishing a person, which means that you are also pregnant with a child, and at the same time, you are grateful for the impermanence of separation and separation in life. Changing heads is associated with the full moon of the Mid-Autumn Festival and is associated with farewell in the world. Late at night, the moon moves, and the moonlight passes through the "Zhu Pavilion", shines close to the "Qihu", and shines on the people in the room who have been unable to fall asleep. This not only refers to the deep affection that I miss my younger brother, but also refers to all those who have passed away because they cannot be reunited with their loved ones during the Mid-Autumn Festival and have difficulty sleeping. What a pity it is that the moon is full and the person is not round! The poet unreasonably complained about the full moon: "There shouldn't be any hatred, why is it so long to be full when we say goodbye?" In contrast, the sorrow of separation is even more severe. The unreasonable tone further highlights the poet's affection for missing his brother, and at the same time implicitly expresses his sympathy for his unfortunate passing. After all, the poet is broad-minded. He immediately thought that the moon was also innocent, so he turned to excuse Mingyue: "People have joys and sorrows, and the moon has waxing and waning. This matter is difficult to solve in ancient times." In this case, why bother with temporary separation? And what about sadness? These three sentences give a high-level summary from people to the moon, from ancient times to the present. In terms of tone, it seems to be answering the previous questions on behalf of Mingyue; in terms of structure, it is pushing back a layer, transitioning from the opposition of man and moon to the fusion of man and moon. Excusing the moon is essentially to emphasize optimism about human affairs and to place hope for the future. Because when the moon is full, people also get together. Therefore, the "hope" at the end introduces good wishes. "May people live forever" is to break through the limitations of time, and "Thousands of miles away from the moon" is to break through the barriers of space, so that the same love for the bright moon can unite people who are separated from each other. These two sentences are not ordinary masturbation and sexual encouragement, but express the author's attitude towards major issues such as time, space and life, fully demonstrating the richness and breadth of the poet's spiritual realm. Zhang Jiuling's "Looking at the Moon and Huaiyuan" said: "There is a bright moon on the sea, and the end of the world is at this time"; Xu Hun's "Autumn Ji Yuan" said: "We should only wait for the bright moon, and we will be with you thousands of miles away." Su Shi resolved the poetic meaning of his predecessors Into your own works, melt them into the best wishes for everyone in the world.
The whole poem is set in a clear and majestic setting, such as the vast cold world under the moonlight, and the open space where heaven and earth travel back and forth. Combining this background with the poet's open-mindedness and optimistic mood that transcends his own joys and sorrows, it typically reflects the clear and broad-minded style of Su's poetry.