The first stage: Peking Opera, formerly known as Huiban, is composed of singing and blowing, high-pitched and Huang Er. In the fifty-fifth year of Qing Qianlong (1790), the first batch of Huizhou classes (Sanqing classes), headed by Gaolangting, went to Beijing to participate in performances celebrating the 80th birthday of Qianlong. Later, many Huizhou classes went to Beijing one after another. The famous ones were Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Chunsi, which were collectively called the "Four Huizhou Classes". Huiban has a history of 400 years and has made brilliant artistic creation and contribution. The most outstanding thing is that it absorbed, integrated and tempered a traditional opera tune, which occupied more than half of China and more than 50 operas, created a great opera, Beijing Opera, and became the "father of Beijing Opera".
The second stage: In fact, Shaanxi Opera entered Beijing earlier than Huiban, and it was forty-five years after Qianlong (1780). Wei Changsheng, a Shaanxi Opera artist, entered Beijing from Sichuan. Wei Changsheng is handsome in appearance, sweet in voice, euphemistic in singing and exquisite in workmanship. The publication of "Rolling the Floor" caused a sensation in Beijing. In the fifty years of Qianlong (1785), the Qing court banned Wei Changsheng from performing in Beijing and expelled Wei Changsheng from Beijing. Since Wei Changsheng was forced to leave Beijing, Shaanxi Opera has been depressed. In order to make a living, Shaanxi opera artists have joined the Huizhou class one after another, forming a situation of the integration of Anhui opera and Shaanxi opera.
The third stage: Han Opera is popular in Hubei, and Huang Er and Xipi in its vocal cavity are related to Hui Opera. At the end of Qianlong period, Mi Ying, a famous China opera master, went to Beijing, and at the beginning of Daoguang (182 1), Li Liu, Wang Honggui, Yu Sansheng and Long Xiaodeyun, famous China opera elders, successively went to Beijing to perform in Chuntai and Chunban of Huizhou Opera, which enriched and improved the singing of Huizhou Opera. In this way, from the 20th year of Daoguang to the 10th year of Xianfeng (1840- 1860), Peking Opera was formed by the confluence of Anhui Opera, Shaanxi Opera and Han Opera, absorbing the strengths of Kunqu Opera and Peking Opera.
2010 165438+1October16 Peking Opera was listed in the "Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity".