(Ming Luzhuo's "After Ai Zi") 2. The classification of reading classical Chinese after class in junior high school
1. Words and aspirations: but their genres are different: argumentative and narrative.
from the ancient style, there are "notes", "sayings", "inscriptions", "expressions" and "biographies". "Ji", "Shuo" and "Ming" are all one of the ancient styles.
However, it is quite different in the depth and breadth of expressing ideological content, and in the embodiment of writing methods and characteristics. For example, in class, the classical Chinese writings "Humble Room Ming" and "Love Lotus Theory" all use the writing method of expressing one's will by supporting things.
The Story of Peach Blossom Garden and Keiko Xiangliang are rich in stories and imagination. Although I want what I want, Fish is an argumentative paper, but it is good at metaphor and uses a lot of even sentences, which is rich in literary talent and momentum.
2. War articles: In class, such as Tang Ju Live Up to His Mission, Lost in Public, Helped by the Way, Helped by the Way, and Debate on Cao Gui, the same is true for extracurricular choices. Stylistically, Tang Ju Live Up to His Mission, Lost in Public, Controversy in Cao Gui are narratives, while The Way to Help Many, The Way to Help Few, is argumentative.
The three narratives mainly focus on memorizing words, and express the characters' personality characteristics and opinions through their language. However, the writing characteristics are still different: the author of Tang Ju Live Up to His Mission puts these two characters in a sharp conflict, and not only vividly expresses their respective personality characteristics through dialogue, but also depicts them with various forms of contrast and contrast.
"Public Loss" illustrates the truth and highlights the characters through twists and turns and vivid stories around contradictions and conflicts. The author is also good at using metaphors and reasoning at different levels.
Although The Debate in Cao Gui narrates the historical facts of the Battle of the Long Spoon, because the title is "Debate", the article focuses on "Argument", and the narrative of the war is quite simple, the materials are arranged in detail and properly, and the characters are vividly displayed by skillfully using the method of contrast. On the other hand, the argument-based book "How to help others when they get the way, but how to help others when they get the way" is good at using parallelism, with neat and fluent sentences, consistent and persuasive, diverse techniques and rigorous argumentation.
3. Learning articles: In class, such as Ten Articles of The Analects of Confucius, Shang Zhongyong, Sun Quan's Persuasion to Learn, and Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Dongyang, the above articles are all related to learning, but each article has a different angle. Ten Articles of The Analects of Confucius directly tells us the attitude and method of learning in the form of notes. "Shang Zhongyong" is an article that uses stories to reason. Taking Fang Zhongyong as an example, it completely describes the process of Fang Zhongyong's change from five to twenty years old, and shows the importance of acquired education to success.
Sun Quan's Persuades to Learn tells the story that Lu Meng was persuaded by Sun Quan to "start to learn", and his talent soon became surprisingly long, which made Lu Su gasp in admiration and "make friends" with him, reflecting the importance of learning to people. The preface to seeing Ma Sheng off in Dongyang is a preface. The author introduces his own learning experience and attitude through narration and discussion, and earnestly encourages Ma Sheng to study hard and become a person with both ability and political integrity.
the truth in it is also very enlightening to us today. It is worth noting that these two articles, Sun Quan's Persuading Learning and Shang Zhongyong, are worthy of comparative reading when studying. The former has made amazing progress after writing about Lu Meng's "taking charge of the school" and being persuaded by Sun Quan to "start studying". The latter wrote that Fang Zhongyong was brilliant in his childhood, but he was "forgotten by everyone" because his father "refused to learn".
The contents of the two articles are related to learning, but they are both positive and negative. One is that you are eager to learn when you are older, and you have achieved something when you are young. The other is that you did not learn when you were young, which shows the importance of learning from different aspects. In addition, the writing of the two articles is also different: the former focuses on dialogue and is concise and meaningful; The latter is a combination of narration and discussion, and it is argued by things.
4. Landscape articles: Mountain City, Three Gorges, Thanks to Zhong Shushu, Night Tour in Chengtian Temple, Watching Tides, Watching Snow in the Lake Pavilion, The Story of Zhu Yuansi, The Story of Xiaoshi Pond, The Story of Yueyang Tower, The Story of Drunken Pavilion and The Story of Manjing. All the above works are ancient travel notes or scenic spots. By describing strange mountains and strange places, Xiaoshi Pond Ji, Yueyang Tower Ji, Zuiweng Pavilion Ji, Manjing Travel Notes and Night Tour in Chengtian Temple are "Ji".
Thanks to Zhong Shushu and Zhu Yuansi Shu describe beautiful landscapes in the form of short letters. Although the styles are different, they are mostly composed of narrative, scenery and objects, and the purpose is to express the author's sentiments and ambitions.
Among them, Three Gorges, Thanks to Zhong Shushu, Night Tour in Chengtian Temple, Looking at the Snow in the Lake Pavilion, The Book with Zhu Yuansi and The Story of Xiaoshi Pond are all fresh landscape sketches, which are full of poetry and painting, with high artistry but not strong ideology. They all grasp the characteristics of scenery, and use various expressions and rhetorical devices to highlight the characteristics of mountains and rivers.
the article goes from scene to emotion, and enters the scene with emotion. Although the scenery is different and the writing mood is different, they are all famous articles that express their feelings and express their feelings through scenery.
Two works, Yue and Zui, are masterpieces that have been passed down through the ages. They are not only ideological but also artistic. And the two authors-Fan Zhongyan (a writer, whose works have distinctive political content) and Ouyang Xiu (one of the eight famous prose writers in Tang and Song Dynasties, whose prose creation style is unique), have distinctive personalities and unique styles in the creation of literary works.
For example, (1) Yue is a concise and philosophical poem with comments interspersed in the lyrical description of scenery. "Drunk" is a combination of narration and lyricism, with beautiful language and poetic flavor.
(2) Yue mainly shows the author's positive and enterprising thoughts, and his political ambition of caring for the country and the people and taking the world as his own responsibility, with a passionate mood. Drunk mainly shows the author's frustrated official career, hard-to-pay ambition, and can only force a smile, share happiness with the people, and express his infinite feelings of depression in the mountains and rivers, with a relatively low mood.
(3) There are well-known sayings that have been passed down from ancient times to modern times (Yue) says, "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later." "Drunkenness" has the meaning that "drunkenness is not about wine, but about mountains and rivers".
"5. Governing the country: The thoughts of governing the country are expressed in several articles in the article" A Journey to the Avenue ","Zou Ji satirizes coachable, the King of Qi ","Born in sorrow, died in happiness "and" Being helped by many ways, being helped by few ways ". A Passage to the Avenue reflects the political ideal of Confucianism by introducing the characteristics of Datong society. The ideal society should be: everyone can be cared for by the whole society; Everyone can live and work in peace; Make the best use of goods and people do their best.
The book "Getting more help from the Tao, but not from the Tao" demonstrates the importance of the idea of "harmony between people" in governing the country. On Born in Worry and Died in Happiness. 3. Ten extra-curricular classical Chinese reading questions are needed (except all classical Chinese in junior high school of People's Education Edition)
(1) Wen Zhiming's calligraphy "The Chronicle of the Book Forest" was written by Wen Zhiming, and the book was greatly improved at the rate of ten books a day.
I was born in a book, and I have never hesitated, or answered people simply, and I will never tire of it again and again, so the older I get, the more subtle I become. Wen Zhiming supervised the writing of "Wen Zi Wen", with ten copies written every day as the standard, and calligraphy improved rapidly.
all his life, he has never been careless about writing. Sometimes it's a little incomplete to answer people's letters. I must have rewritten it three times and five times, and I'm not afraid of trouble.
Therefore, his calligraphy becomes more exquisite and beautiful as he gets older. Reading training 1. Explain the words added in the following sentences ① The book has made great progress; ② I have lived in the book all my life; ③ Wen Zhiming has written a thousand-character essay; ④ or answered people's letters; 2. Translate "If you are not careful, you will never get tired of it" into modern Chinese.
Translation 3. Summarize the center of this passage in one sentence. Answer: (2) Xue Tan learned from the original text Xue Tan learned from Qin Qing, but he said that he had exhausted his skills and resigned.
Qin Qing stopped at Fuzhi, and made a farewell visit to the suburbs, caressing the sad songs and vibrating the trees, in very sonorous. Xue tan is shooting for the opposite, and he dare not return to his words for life.
Xue Tan studied singing from Qin Qing. Before he finished learning Qin Qing's skills, he thought he had finished learning, so he left and went home. Qin Qing didn't dissuade him, and gave him a farewell dinner by the road outside the city. Qin Qing patted the festival and sang elegies.
the song vibrated the trees, and the sound stopped the clouds. Xue Tan then apologized to Qin Qing and asked to come back and continue studying.
from then on, he never dared to talk about going home again. Reading training 1. Explain the meaning of the following added words in the text.
① Qin Qing. ② very sonorous.
2. The incorrect judgment on the usage and meaning of adding points in the following sentences is () A.① is the same as ②, ③ is different from ④ B.① is different from ②, ③ is the same as ④ C.① is the same as ②, ③ is the same as ④ D.① is different from ②, and ③ is different from ④. 4. What inspiration does this story give you? A: 5. Is there any merit in Xue Tan? If so, what is it? A: (3) Fan Zhongyan is interested in the world. Fan Zhongyan was two years old and lonely, and his family was poor and helpless.
There are few ambitions. Every time you take the world as your responsibility, you study hard, or you are sleepy at night, and you need to use water to make a face; If you don't give food, read with porridge. As an official, every generous talk about what's going on in the world is desperate.
even if he was demoted, he was relegated to Dengzhou by Shen Zhi. ‖ Zhong Yan is hardworking and self-motivated. He doesn't care about meat, and his wife is only self-sufficient in food and clothing.
I often say to myself, "A scholar worries about the world first, and enjoys the world later." Fan Zhongyan lost his father when he was two years old and his family was poor and helpless.
When he was young, he had lofty aspirations and often washed his face with a cold water punch. I often can't even eat rice, so I eat porridge and insist on reading.
after becoming an official, I often talk about world affairs and try my best. So that some people were demoted for saying bad things, and they were demoted as the governor of Dengzhou by participating in government affairs.
Fan Zhongyan exercises himself hard, eating little meat, and his wife and children only care for themselves. He often recites two sentences in his works: "A scholar should worry before the world worries, and be happy after the world enjoys."
Reading training 1. Pronounce and explain the words added in the following sentences. Pronunciation while eating porridge: righteousness: ② Don't cry over water: righteousness: ③ Eat without giving sound: righteousness: ④ Even be slandered: righteousness: 2. The correct translation of "Take the world as your own responsibility" is () a. Take the world events as your own responsibility every day.
B. I often regard managing state affairs as my due responsibility. C. I often take world events as my due task.
D. Every day, it is my duty to manage state affairs. 3. The following sentences are translated into modern Chinese.
① If you are sleepy at night, you need water to cover your face; ② The wife is only self-sufficient in food and clothing; 4. The level of this text has been drawn in the text, please briefly summarize the meaning. 1235. "Worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world" is a famous sentence in The Story of Yueyang Tower written by Fan Zhongyan. Like this article, this sentence has played a role in this article.
(4) When Sima Wen, a famous official in the Three Dynasties, was a child, he remembered and asked if he was not a person, and he lived in groups to give lectures. All the brothers became chanting and took a rest; If you are alone, you will be able to recite it twice. Those who exert more effort will get far, and what they recite will never be forgotten for life.
Wen Gong once said, "A book must be recited, or you can get more by reciting its text and thinking about its meaning at once or at midnight." When Sima Guang was a child, he was worried that his ability to recite poetry books for response was not as good as others.
Everyone studied and discussed together, and the other brothers had already recited it, so they went to play and have a rest. (Sima Guang) studied hard alone, concentrating and assiduously as Dong Zhongshu and Confucius did when they were studying, until they were able to recite skillfully. (Because) there is more energy in reading now, the harvest will be long-term, and the books he has read and recited intensively will be unforgettable for life. Sima Guang once said: "You can't read without reciting. When you are riding and walking, when you can't sleep in the middle of the night, you will gain more by chanting the articles you have read and thinking about its meaning!" Reading training 1. Explain the words added in the following sentences.
① If you don't remember what you are suffering from, you can recite it twice, but you can stop it. ③ If you can recite it twice, you can stop it. ④ You can recite its text. 2. The difference from the usage of "times" in "times" is that () A. You can only be humiliated by the hands of slaves. B. You can't see the beauty. C. All the guests are full of eyes and eyes. B. what he is proficient in is never forgotten.
C. Books must be recited. D. chanting its text, thinking its meaning, and getting more.
4. In this paper, the phrase "writing alone" means that only Sima Guang is willing to study hard for himself. We have learned a similar idiom, which also describes diligence in reading. This idiom is (5) Ouyang Xiu studied the original story of Ouyang Gong hard. Ouyang Gong was four years old and lonely, and his family was poor and had no money.
Mrs. Tai painted the land with her hands and taught her calligraphy. Recite more ancient chapters.
it's a little longer, and there is no book to read at home, so I borrow it from the family of Li Shi, or copy it. Even forget to sleep and eat day and night, but reading is a service.
I have written poems and prose since I was a child, and I have written like an adult. Mr. Ouyang Xiu's father died when he was four years old. His family was poor and he had no money to study.
Taifuren painted on the sand with reed stalks and taught him to write. And taught him to read many ancient chapters.
when he is older and there are no books to read at home, he goes to the reader's house nearby to borrow books to read, and sometimes he continues to copy. Just. 4. Inscription
Answer to the question: The answer to the question 1① It's time to ... ② It's almost a question 2① Their father wanted to make Shu Qi king, and when his father died, Shu Qi let Bo Yi take the throne.
(2) Boyi and Shu Qi were ashamed of this, insisted on morality and refused to eat the food of the Zhou Dynasty, and lived in seclusion in shouyangshan. Question 3: This is an open topic. Students can have different opinions when analyzing and answering, either for or against it, but it must be reasonable and well-founded.
analysis of test questions: analysis of small questions 1. analysis of test questions: first, we should know the content of the full text, find out the meaning of sentences, and judge the meaning of words according to the meaning of sentences and the mastery of common words in classical Chinese. When explaining, we should pay attention to the change of meaning and usage, and judge the meaning of words according to the context.
The two punctuated words in this question are both polysemous words, so please note.