Sentence annotation
⑴ Jiangnan: refers to the area between Jiang and Xiang (now Hunan Province). Li Guinian: A famous musician in the Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods of the Tang Dynasty, who was good at singing. Because he was favored by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, his popularity was very good, and he often sang in aristocratic giants. After the "An Shi Rebellion", Li Guinian settled in Jiangnan and made a living by busking.
⑵ Wang Qi: The younger brother of Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, whose real name was Li Longfan, later changed his name to Li Fan and Wang Qi to avoid Li Longji's taboo. He was famous for his love of learning and talent and elegant temperament. Ordinary: often.
⑶ Cui Jiu: Cui Jiu is the younger brother of Cui Shu, the secretariat. When Xuanzong was in the Tang Dynasty, he served as a prison in the temple and won Xuanzong's favor. Cui was a famous surname at that time, which showed that he was valued.
(4) Flowering period: late spring, usually referring to the third month of the lunar calendar. Falling flowers have many meanings, such as old age, social ills and chaos. Jun: Li Guinian. [2][3]
Vernacular translation
We often meet in the Qi Palace, and your music has been heard many times in front of Cui.
Now it's a beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and Li Jun will be reunited when the flowers fall. [3]
Creation background
This poem was written in the fifth year of Tang Daizong Dali (770), and Du Fu was in Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan). When Du Fu was a teenager, he was brilliant. He often goes in and out of the gates of Li Longfan, King of Qi, and Cui Di, Supervisor of Chinese Books, and can appreciate the singing art of court singer Li Guinian. After the Anshi Rebellion, Du Fu drifted to the south of the Yangtze River. In March of the fourth year of Dali (769), Du Fu left Yueyang for Tanzhou, where he stayed until the following spring, and reunited with Li Guinian, who lived in Jiangju Pond. He recalled the frequent meeting and listening to songs in the residence of Qi Wang and Cui Jiu, and was deeply moved, so he wrote this poem. "Friends of Cloud Creek" said: "Ming Di was fortunate in Minshan, and all the officials were humiliated, and their bodies were lying across the Central Plains, and the gentry drove with the car. Lingguan: Zhang Yehu Lifu, Lei Haiqing Pipa, Li Guinian singing, Gong Sundaniang sword dancing ... Only Li Guinian ran to the river beach, and Du Fu wrote a poem for it:' Common Wang Qi's house ... When the flowers fell, he saw the monarch again. "[4][5]
works appreciation
Overall appreciation
This poem is the most lyrical and meaningful of Du Fu's quatrains. It is only twenty-eight words, but it contains rich contents of the life of the times. This poem is sad and desolate.
The first two sentences of this poem are recalling the past communication with Li Guinian and expressing the poet's concern about the prosperity in the early years of Kaiyuan. The last two sentences are feelings about the decline of state affairs and the erratic artists. Only four sentences sum up the vicissitudes of life and the great changes of life in the whole Kaiyuan period. The language is extremely plain, but the connotation is infinitely rich.
Li Guinian, a famous singer in Kaiyuan period, often sang in the aristocratic giants. Du Fu's first encounter with Li Guinian coincided with his youth and the so-called "Kaiyuan Prosperity". At that time, princes and nobles generally loved literature and art, and Du Fu, because of his early talent, was extended by Li Longfan, the king of Qi, and Cui Di, the secretary of the Central Committee, so that he could enjoy Li Guinian's singing in their mansion. An outstanding artist is not only a product of a specific era, but also a symbol of a specific era. In Du Fu's mind, Li Guinian is closely connected with the prosperous Kaiyuan era and his own romantic youth life. Decades later, they met again in Jiangnan. At this time, after eight years of turmoil, the Tang Dynasty has fallen from the peak of prosperity and fallen into many contradictions. Du Fu drifted to Tanzhou, "sparse cloth wrapped around bones, running around bitter and tepid", and his later situation was extremely bleak; Li Guinian also lives south of the Yangtze River. "Every time there is a beautiful scene, he sings a few songs and hears them in his seat, so he has to hide his face and cry and stop drinking" (Miscellanies of Ming Taizu). This encounter will naturally lead to the infinite vicissitudes that Du Fu has been smoldering in his chest. "It's a common thing in Qi Wang's family, and Cui has heard it several times before." Although the poet is recalling his past contacts with Li Guinian, what he reveals is his deep nostalgia for the "Kaiyuan Shengshi". These two sentences seem very light, but the feelings they contain are deep and dignified. "Wang Qi Zhai Li" and "Cui Tang Jiu Qian" seem to blurt out, but in the eyes of the parties, the place where these two literary celebrities often gather gracefully is the place where the colorful spiritual culture of Kaiyuan Shengshi is concentrated, and their names are enough to evoke the poet's good memories of "Shengshi". At that time, it was "unusual" for a poet to get in touch with an art star like Li Guinian, but "several times" was not difficult. In retrospect, it was an impossible dream. The feeling of separation between heaven and earth contained here, readers must combine the following two sentences to taste. In the overlapping singing and chanting, the two poems reveal the poet's infinite attachment to the prosperity of Kaiyuan, as if to prolong the aftertaste.
Dream-like memories can't change the present reality after all. "It's the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and it's the season of falling flowers." Jiangnan, with its beautiful scenery, was originally a paradise for poets in Chengping era. In the meantime, the poet really faced the "lost season" with withered eyes and the wandering artists with white hair. The season of falling flowers is like an impromptu book and a special care, between intentional and unintentional. These four words are metaphors of the declining world, social unrest, the decline of poets and diseases, but the poet does not deliberately use metaphors at all, which is particularly confusing. In addition, the two function words "exactly" and "you" in the two sentences are full of ups and downs, and there are infinite feelings between the lines. The beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is in a strong contrast with the chaotic life experience of being divorced from the times and sinking. An old singer and an old poet reunited in the wandering, and the flowing scenery dotted with two haggard old people became a typical portrayal of the vicissitudes of the times. It mercilessly confirmed that the "Kaiyuan Shengshi" has become a historical relic, and an earth-shaking change has reduced Du Fu and Li Guinian, who experienced the prosperity, to an unfortunate level. Feelings are deep, but the poet wrote that "falling flowers meet the monarch again", but he accepted it in a dim way, and there was a deep sigh and painful sadness in silence. So "the beginning is the end", I don't even want to say a word, which is very meaningful. Shen Deqian commented on this poem in the Qing Dynasty: "The meaning is not applied, and the case is not broken." The poet's meaning of "inapplicability" is not difficult to understand for a party with similar experience like Li Guinian. For readers who are good at understanding people and discussing the world in later generations, it is not difficult to grasp. Just as Li Guinian sang "endless dreams of rise and fall, endless sadness, endless sadness of mountains and rivers" in "The Palace of Eternal Life, Tanci". Although it is sung repeatedly, it means no more than Du Fu's poems, but it is very similar to what the playwright deduced from Du Fu's poems.
Four poems, from Wen of the Prince of Qi, Song and Cui Qian, to the emphasis on "meeting" in Jiangnan, are all connected with the vicissitudes of forty years. The world is cold, the years are ups and downs, and human feelings are gathered and scattered, all of which are concentrated in these short 28 words. Although no poem directly relates to the life experience of the times, through the poet's recollection and regret, it shows the shadow of the great turmoil that brought havoc to the material wealth and cultural prosperity of the Tang Dynasty, as well as the great disaster and trauma it caused to people. Just as there is no set on the stage of an old play, the audience can imagine a very broad spatial background and event process through the singing performance of the actors; Also like a novel, it often reflects an era through a person's fate. The successful creation of this poem shows that a short genre like quatrains can have a great capacity for a great poet with high artistic generalization and rich life experience, and when expressing such rich content, it can reach an effortless and seamless artistic realm. [4]
Famous comments
The taboo words of Yi in Wood and Heaven: quatrains: Tibetan chanting.
Huang Sheng's Du Shi Shuo in Qing Dynasty: This poem is combined with Qi Xing. The feeling of ups and downs in the past and present is beyond words. Seeing the charm between the lines and expressing feelings between the lines is beyond reproach, even if it is a dragon sign and a sacrifice. Is to know that the public in this body, must be incorrect, never heard. If there are seven-character quatrains for other purposes, you can also take this as a joke. "Don't pick up the gold in Tang poetry": One or two always hide the word "Song". The word "Jiangnan" is well known, and the word "good scenery" is embellished by the word "falling flower season". The words "Exactly" and "You" immediately remind us of the first two sentences. Obviously, when "Qi Zhai" and "Tang Cui" listen to songs, they are nothing more than "good scenery". Nowadays, the scenery is different, but looking back at the prosperity of Tianbao, it seems to be isolated from the world and reunited with the old friends. What is the difference? Infinite affection is hidden in a few empty words. Du has these seven words, but the people who choose are often ignored, and few people believe in the truth.
He Chao's Reading the Secretary of the Yimen in Qing Dynasty: The four sentences are ambiguous, but the ups and downs of the world, the old age of life, and the exile of the two are all in the words.
Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties compiled by the Qing emperor: Love is beyond words, and a few words can be worth a poem Pipa Xing. "Don't sing the song of Zhenyuan, there were not many courtiers at that time", Liu Yuxi's gentle feelings; "The cicadas and geese are scattered, and tears flow to Yizhou", a sad song of Wen. How wonderful it is on the other side! This is a unique piece of music.
On Tang Poetry by Shen Deqian in Qing Dynasty: The meaning is not extended, and the case is not broken.
Qing Yang Lun's Du Shi Jing Juan: Shao Yun: Zi Mei is absolutely beautiful, and this is a scroll.
Huang Shucan's comment on Tang poetry in Qing Dynasty: "Falling flowers meet the monarch again", which is somewhat ups and downs! The first two sentences are about catching up with the past, and the last one is about feeling the present, but it is not exhaustive. They prefer the word "good scenery", the meaning of which is contained in the words "just right" and "again".
Li E's "A Brief Record of the Changes of Poetic Methods" in Qing Dynasty: There are seven kinds of "bamboo branches" in Shaoling, which are extremely authentic. This poem is pure and poetic.
The modern style of Hu Tang poetry in Qing Dynasty: the meaning is not extended, and the style is not broken; and the chaos of the world, the ups and downs of the years, and the desolation of each other are all in it.
Wang Wen-Kun, a critical reader of Tang poetry in A Qing Dynasty: The first two sentences vividly expressed his favorite prosperous times, but the last two sentences were suddenly changed, and the ups and downs were different, so he hurt himself.
Yu Biyun, a poet in A Qing, wrote "On Poetic Realm": Shaoling is a leading poet, and people never talk about it, but they all say that it is no longer than the Seven Wonders. Looking at this poem today, it has a deep aftertaste and a unique charm. Wang Zhihuan's The Yellow River is Far Above, and Liu Yuxi's The Tide Beats the Empty City can't pass. There are many ups and downs in this poem, which cannot be expressed in words. In the word "meet you again", there are endless tears.
Brief introduction of the author
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, tried to call himself Shaoling Night Old. Take Jinshi as an example. He used to be a foreign minister in the school department, so he was called Du Gongbu internationally. He is the greatest realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and is known as the "poet saint" after the Song Dynasty, and is also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. His poems boldly exposed the social contradictions at that time and expressed deep sympathy for the poor people. Many excellent works show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, which is called "the history of poetry". In art, he is good at using various forms of poetry, especially rhythmic poetry; Various styles, mainly depression; Refined language with high expressive force. There are more than 1400 poems, including Du Gongbu Collection.