The formation of a regional culture first has its historical origins. Linchuan was established nearly 2000 years ago, and Nancheng was established earlier than Linchuan. However, Linchuan was the earliest and longest-standing county, prefecture, and prefecture, and the one closest to the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty was Linchuan. There is a paradise called Magu Mountain in Nancheng. Many officials and literati visited it and wrote poems and books. However, their activity centers and posts were all in Linchuan, which is especially a combination of cultural orientation and spirituality, as well as cultural trends. The historical process has brought the cultural attributes of Fuzhou area into the category of Linchuan culture.
Linchuan was built in the eighth year of Emperor Yongyuan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, that is, 96 AD. Today, in addition to the discovery of more than 50 Han tombs, more than 80,000 square meters of Shang Dynasty ruins have also been discovered in Jinping Mopannao, Yangposhi, Leipishi, and Luochengling. Therefore, from the perspective of studying culture, the cultural resources and spiritual strength of Linchuan greatly exceed the time of its construction. Linchuan Cultural District has a long history. Xia Yu was located in Yangzhou region. In the Spring and Autumn Period, it was the land of Baiyue. During the Warring States Period, it belonged to Chu. During the Qin Dynasty, it belonged to Jiujiang County of Yangzhou. The Han Dynasty changed Jiujiang County to Yuzhang County. In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, Nancheng County was established and belonged to Yuzhang County. In the eighth year of Yongyuan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, part of Nancheng was divided into Linru County. The county government was located in the ancient city of Linchuan and still belonged to Yuzhang County. During the Three Kingdoms period, it was the land of Wu. In the second year of Wu Taiping (AD 257), Linchuan County was established, and the county government was located in Linru County. The two Jin and Southern Dynasties followed each other. During the Liang and Chen Dynasties in the Southern Dynasty, Bashan County was added to the present counties of Chongren, Fengcheng, Yongfeng, and Xingan. Linchuan County initially belonged to Jiangzhou, and during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it and Bashan County belonged to Gaozhou. In the ninth year of Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty (AD 589), the county was abolished and the prefecture was expanded. Linchuan County and part of Bashan County were merged into Fuzhou, which was subordinate to the Hongzhou Governor's Mansion. Fuzhou was named after that. Fuzhou in the Tang Dynasty belonged to Jiangnan West Road. During the Five Dynasties, he belonged to Yangwu and was promoted to Zhaowu Army. From the Song Dynasty, it was divided into Fuzhou and Jianchang armies, belonging to Jiangnan West Road. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was changed to Fuzhou Road and Jianchang Road, and Nanfengzhou was established, both belonging to Jiangxi Xingzhongshu Province. In the 23rd year of Yuan Zhizheng (AD 1363), Fuzhou Road was renamed Linchuan Prefecture, and soon it was renamed Fuzhou Prefecture. In February of the same year, Jianchang Road was promoted to Zhao County Prefecture, and in September it was changed to Jianchang Prefecture. In the early Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, Fuzhou Prefecture and Jianchang Prefecture were still established. Nanfeng was demoted to a county and belonged to Jianchang Prefecture. They were all under the jurisdiction of Jiangxi Chengxuan Government Envoy Sihudong Road. In the Qing Dynasty, it was still called Fuzhou Prefecture and Jianchang Prefecture, and it belonged to Nanfu Jiandao. From 1930 to 1934, Lichuan, Zixi, Guangchang, Nanfeng, Yihuang, Le'an and other counties successively established Soviet power, and divided the Soviet areas into Fujian and Jiangxi provinces and Jiangxi provinces. In July 1932, the Soviet regime was also established in the Pogan area of ??Dongxiang, which belonged to the Soviet area of ??Northeastern Jiangxi Province. On May 9, 1949, the Chinese People's Liberation Army liberated Fuzhou, and the Fuzhou Division was established on July 1. The Office of the Director and Inspector General of the Fuzhou Division of Jiangxi Province was stationed in Linchuan City. On September 13, 1950, Fuzhou Division was changed to Fuzhou District. In August 1952, it was renamed Fuzhou Prefecture. In March 1967, it was changed to Fuzhou area. In February 1968, it was renamed Fuzhou Division. On January 22, 1971, it was again changed to Fuzhou area and belonged to Jiangxi Province. On July 23, 1983, Guangchang County was placed under Fuzhou Prefecture. On September 30, 1983, Jinxian County was incorporated into Nanchang City. At this point, Fuzhou Prefecture governs Fuzhou City and 11 counties including Linchuan, Chongren, Yihuang, Le'an, Nancheng, Nanfeng, Guangchang, Lichuan, Zixi, Jinxi, and Dongxiang.
Linchuan has had a prosperous literary style since ancient times and has produced numerous talents. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Wang Bo expressed his sincere admiration for Guangming Linchuan's pen in his famous work "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion". In the Song Dynasty, due to its continuous success in the imperial examinations and its brilliance, it was hailed as the hometown of talents by the famous scholar Dong Zhen, and was commonly known as the hometown of talents among the people. Linchuan has gone through the Jin Dynasty, Northern and Southern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties since the Eastern Han Dynasty. Due to historical opportunities, the great calligraphers Wang Xizhi and Yan Zhenqing, the poets Xie Lingyun and Dai Shulun, the poet Feng Yanji, the litterateur Liu Yiqing, the literary critic Zhong Rong, and the scholar Du You They all served as local officials here and had a positive impact on the development of Linchuan culture. It was the imperial examination system of the Song Dynasty that led to the surge in talent in Linchuan. From the fourth year of Emperor Taizong's Taiping and Xingguo reign to the eighth year of Emperor Duzong's Xianyou in Linchuan, 129 people were admitted to Linchuan, 205 people were admitted to be tribute scholars, 525 people were admitted to be civil servants, and 446 people were admitted to Jinshi. Entering the tenth middle school, there were 138 students from the Northern Song Dynasty, accounting for 32.58; and 308 students from the Southern Song Dynasty, accounting for 67.42. The number of successful candidates ranks among the top among all counties in Jiangxi.
In particular, 12 people were admitted at one time in the sixteenth year of Jiading, 18 people were admitted at one time in the second year of Baoqing, and 22 people were admitted at one time in the first year of Xianchun, accounting for 4, 6 and 7.33 of the total number of Jinshi admitted in Qieguo. The scholar-officials praised Linchuan as a "hometown of talents". (Dong Zhen: "Dongfa Japanese Notes")
In the Song Dynasty, Linchuan people entered the official career through the imperial examination. Two people were promoted to prime ministers, two were promoted to Jiedushi, and four were worshiped as censors. 17 people were appointed ministers and ministers, and 10 people were appointed magistrates and governors, all of whom had outstanding political achievements. In particular, Yan Shu, Yan Jidao and Wang Anshi are worthy of being outstanding figures in Linchuan Caixiang. During the same period, there were also Wang Anli, Wang Anguo, Wang Yu (known as the Three Kings of Linchuan in the world), Xie Yi, Xie Xie (known as the Second Xie of Linchuan in the world), Wei Zhen, Wei He (known as the Second Wei of Linchuan in the world), Chen A group of literary talents such as Yu and Chen Shichong (known as Linchuan Erchen in the world), Wang Ge, Rao Jie, Yu Guobao, and Deng Mingshi also made high achievements in poetry, prose, Ci, and Fu. According to "Tiaoxi Yuyincong Hua" quoted from "Fu Zhai Man Lu": In the Yuan Dynasty, Xie Wuyi of Linchuan passed by Kehua Village Guanyi in Guanshan, Huangzhou, and met Wang from Hubei, Zhu from Jiangsu, Shan from Zhejiang, Zhang from Fujian and other scholars . The four people knew that he was from Linchuan, and they joked with each other that "Cao Zhi wrote a poem in seven steps, and Zhu Jun wrote a poem in seven steps." After five easy steps, the poem was completed, and he quickly wrote "Jiangchengzi" on the wall; "The wine flags in the Huacun Pavilion are windy, the water is soluble, the leaves are red, the wild boats are crossing, and the willows are thickly shaded." Looking across the Yangtze River, the mountains are far away, no one can be seen, and the grass is empty. The sunset is upstairs in the evening smoke, the fragrance is strong, the eyebrows are light, I remember meeting each other in the painting when I was young. Only in Guanshan tonight is the moon, thousands of miles away, the light is the same. It is so beautiful that it is close to the water, and its emotions are wonderful, so it is famous in the south of the Yangtze River for its "five-step poetry". Xie Yi, Xie Xie, Wang Ge, and Rao Jie are known as the four heroes of Linchuan in Jiangxi Poetry School. Rao Jie was also hailed as the number one poet monk by the poet Lu You. Deng Mingshi was engaged in academic research all his life and wrote more than 370 volumes including "On the Spring and Autumn Period", "The History of the Spring and Autumn Period", and "Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surname Books". He made particularly high achievements in the research of surnames.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, a dazzling star emerged in Linchuan Caixiang. This was Chen Ziming, a famous doctor of the generation. He was good at summarizing the experience of his predecessors and wrote 24 volumes of "A Complete Collection of Good Prescriptions for Women", becoming a pioneer and founder of traditional Chinese medicine in obstetrics and gynecology. He also dared to innovate, advocating external and internal use of surgery and dialectical treatment. He dared to break through restricted areas and was the first to engage in breast cancer. The observation and research on breast cancer have made significant contributions to the development of the medical industry in the motherland.
In the Yuan Dynasty, the only famous figures in Linchuan were Xi Hong, a famous acupuncturist, Zhang Shao, a legal expert, and Zhu Siben, a geographer. The talents in Linchuan in the Ming Dynasty quickly got out of the trough and flourished again. 213 people were admitted as supervisors, 364 people were admitted as tribute scholars, 302 people passed the provincial examination, and 166 people passed the imperial examination. After passing the examination, 383 people entered the official service, including 4 imperial officers, 1 governor-general, 8 ministers, 3 chief envoys, 27 prefects, 21 prefects, and 11 generals and generals. There are as many as 136 people who are magistrates and county magistrates. The number of official officials was 2.9 times that of the 130 people in the Song Dynasty. Among the officials, there are those from the central government and those from the local government; there are civil servants and military generals; there are those involved in internal affairs and those involved in dining; there are those who are righteous and those who criticize. The group nature and diversity of the talent structure are even worse than those of the "Two Song Dynasties". (Li Fu: Preface to "Linchuan County Chronicles"). There are Ai Nanying, Chen Jitai, Luo Wanzao and Zhang Shichun in front of them. The four of them are well-read in classics and are erudite and talented. Their works were very popular at the time and they are the four great talents in Jiangnan. Qiu Zhaolin, Zhu Hui and Shuaiji are known as the three famous celebrities. Qiu's poems are written with quick thinking, and his words and sentences can often turn decay into magic and create new things; Zhu's essay master is Wang Anshi, with strong bones and unique postures, broad and profound; Shuai Ji's poems bring out the scenery and emotions, and his wonderful pen brings out the flowers. He wrote two poems ("Ping Ping"). "Ode to Western Xia", "Ode to Leaving the Pavilion to Lecture") and Yi Fu (Fu from the Northern and Southern Capitals) were deeply appreciated by Emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty. Officials competed to pass them on and copy them, and paper was very valuable. Tang Xianzu was an outstanding dramatist in the Ming Dynasty. His masterpieces "The Purple Hairpin", "The Return of the Soul", "The Story of Nanke" and "The Story of Handan" are known as the Four Dreams of Linchuan in the world. For more than three hundred years, it has been praised and performed continuously. "The Peony Pavilion" has been translated into Japanese, German, French, English, Russian and other texts. In the fields of history and astronomy, the stars are also shining brightly and attracting attention. The famous literary historian Xu Fenpeng spent half his life writing "Jingu Zhi Zong" in 20 volumes, which is comparable to "Zi Zhi Tong Jian".
After being introduced to Japan, it was regarded as a wonderful medicine for governing and rejuvenating the country. It played a certain role in the Meiji Restoration. The famous astronomer Wu Hao, through careful observation, precise calculations and repeated experiments, corrected the errors of the old armillary sphere and made a new armillary sphere with more accurate star positions. Its production technology reached the world's advanced level at that time. In the Ming Dynasty, Linchuan also produced many upright and patriotic people. Fu Chaoyou, a critic of the dynasty, was so jealous that he wrote six times to impeach the traitor prime ministers Zhou Yanru and Wen Tiren. Zhu Junwang, a patriotic businessman who lived in Japan and loved his motherland, risked his life three times to sneak back to China and secretly reported military information, which enabled the Ming Dynasty to prepare in advance. He adjusted his deployment in a timely manner, assisted North Korea, and achieved military victory against the Japanese invaders; Fu Chaoyou insisted on the truth, and Zhu Junwang suffered from his love for his hometown, and gained the reputation of righteousness in Linchuan.
During the more than 300 years since the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, through various imperial examinations, only 187 people in Linchuan were admitted to the imperial examination, 306 were admitted to the imperial examination, 202 were admitted to the imperial examination, and 101 were admitted to the imperial examination. The number of Jinshi admitted was 25 in the Song Dynasty and 66 in the Ming Dynasty. After joining the officialdom, 37 people served as court officials (3 censors, 4 ministers, 10 cabinet secretaries, 8 Hanlin Academy officials, and 12 heads of ministries), and 121 people served as local officials (5 prefects, 3 prefects). , 3 Tongzhi, 73 county magistrates), 9 people with military positions (general soldiers, general guards, guards), a total of 167 people, 28 more than the Song Dynasty, 56 less than the Ming Dynasty. During this period, not many people in Linchuan became officials in high positions, but most of them had outstanding talents and attracted the attention of the world. Li Fu, a famous minister of his generation, served in the three dynasties of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong. He served as governor of Guangxi, governor-general of direct record and five positions of workers, households, officials, rites and soldiers. He dared to ask for orders to impeach Tian Wenjing, the governor of Henan who was corrupt and perverted the law; he dared to make a sharp sword. He cut the tangled knot, dredged the water transport between Tianjin and Gugu, and alleviated the food shortage in the capital. His political achievements were remarkable, and he was rewarded by Emperor Shizong of the Qing Dynasty. Li Laitai, a talented man of a generation, was erudite and knowledgeable, and was good at poetry and prose. In the 18th year of Kangxi's reign, he took the Bo Xue Hong Ci examination and defeated 1,780 weak scholars from all over the country. He won the title of Gao Kui. When he was appointed magistrate of Huifang County, Sichuan, he promoted the advantages and eliminated the disadvantages, developed production, and was deeply loved by the local scholars and people. Ma Ruliang, an upright official, was appointed as the county magistrate of Licheng, Shanxi Province, and he skillfully solved major and important cases. He was selfless and redressed the injustices of the victims, and was known as Ma Qingtian at the time. When the patriot Huang Weihan was the prefect of Hulan, Jilin, he vigorously banned opium poppies and blocked foreign ships from entering the Hulan River. He protected the interests of the people and safeguarded national sovereignty. Public opinion in the Northeast praised him.
In academia, Neo-Confucianism flourished in the south, while literature flourished in the north. , Li Fu and Ji Dakui were both famous Neo-Confucians in Nan Linchuan. The former authored "The Study of Lu Zi", "The Study of Zhu Zi in His Later Years", and "The Records of Yangming Studies", trying to reconcile the theories of Zhu and Lu; the latter was very influential. Li Zonghan, Li Lianxiu and Li Ruiqing are masters of poetry and prose in Beilinchuan. Li Zonghan and Li Lianxiu, as well as literary figures Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu, were swaying; poet Li Shangyin and Shen Bo Yanli were outstanding figures in Jiangxi literary circles at that time; Li Ruiqing was a nationally renowned educator and calligrapher who was good at painting with seal characters and painting. The seal script, the paintings of flowers are subtle and microscopic, and the paintings of Buddha are even more lifelike. The Japanese calligraphy and painting circles spent a lot of money to buy them, and they were well-known in Japan. The Republic of China abolished science and established new schools, but only more than 300 people in Linchuan were admitted to universities and technical secondary schools. Among the talents hired, there were 2 lieutenant generals and 5 major generals in the military circles; 2 commissioners in the political circles, 14 cities and counties There are 12 professors and associate professors in the academic field. Among them are Lieutenant General Liu Shijun, Division Commander, Lieutenant General Wan Wu, Director of the Northwest Military Department of the Ministry of National Defense, Zhou Fu, Major General Director of the Political Department of the Sulu Theater Area, Suichuan, Major General Director of the Political Department of the 38th Division, Ji'an County Magistrate Yang Gengjing, and National Government Legislator Huang Qiang, Li Delian, Secretary-General of the Jiangxi Branch of the Three Youth League, Wu Yangyu, Commissioner of the Seven Administrative Regions, Liang Renjie, President of the Jiangxi Provincial High Court, and Ai Huaiyu, Mayor of Nanchang. Those engaged in science and technology education include Wu Yingquan, professor of the Department of Industrial and Commercial Law of Peking University, Yi Xilin, professor of the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University, Xin Ying, professor of the Department of Economics of Sun Yat-sen University, blind educator Wan Weizhang, and rural educators Gui Ruifan and Tang Shiqi. Guiqiao Primary School founded by Gui Ruifan trains talents for 13 counties and cities including Linchuan, Fuzhou, Jinshen, Nanchang, Fengcheng, Dongxiang, Nancheng, Nanfeng, Chongren, Yihuang, Le'an, Yuqian and Gao'an. The world is full of peaches and plums. Those who run industrial and commercial enterprises include the famous textile expert Zhu Xianfang and the Sichuan giant Tang Zijing.
Zhu Xianfang worked at Shanghai Zhongxin Cotton Mill for a long time and devoted himself to improving textile technology and improving the ability to compete with foreign cotton mills. Later, he founded yarn mills and flour mills in Hankou, Anqing, Jiujiang and other places to develop national industry, especially the development of Jiangxi. Light industry contributes. Tang Zijing opened a cloth shop, a mountain goods store and a bank in Chongqing. He managed the business well and became a wealthy man in Sichuan. He was known as Tang Million, "Tang Bancheng, Tang Wealth God". During this period, many passionate young people in Linchuan participated in the vigorous workers' and peasants' movement and the anti-Japanese and national salvation movement, and a number of revolutionary heroes emerged who will shine in the annals of history. The main ones are: Fu Lie (Secretary of the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee and Secretary of the Military Commission of the Communist Party of China), Fu Daqing (Sun Yat-sen's political general adviser Bao Luoyan, military general adviser General Galen's translator, who was sent to Malaysia as a Ma* **Minister of Propaganda of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China), Zhou Zhizhong (female, Minister of Women of the Jiangxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China), Zhou Shounan (Secretary of the Linchuan County Party Committee of the Communist Party of China), etc.