1082 was a year full of miracles in the history of China literature. In Huangzhou, Su Dongpo wrote masterpieces "Nian Nujiao's Red Cliff Nostalgia" and "Red Cliff Fu".
Huangzhou experienced a strange transformation after 1082. When the rich life meets the vast land. It is bound to deduce the most perfect historical legend.
The Song Dynasty was not an era of closed doors, and intellectuals suddenly faced an unprecedented broad political stage in the Song Dynasty. Zhao Dongmei: The emperors and literati in Song Dynasty ruled the world. The best intellectuals in the Northern Song Dynasty always knew how to restrain the emperor and help him become a saint. When he entered Bianjing at the beginning of the year, Su Dongpo had no intention of writing ci. In his view, only the strategy of helping saints become wise kings is the right way of the article.
Shan Li: During Su Dongpo's Biography of Xi Ning Yuan Feng, Su Shi's political comments should be relatively high, and he had his own unique understanding of Wang Anshi's political reform and imperial examination reform. He wanted to make the emperor accept it in his way. And change the world.
When Su Dongpo was released to Hangzhou, he began to write lyrics. Su Dongpo gradually realized that, unlike the strategy theory, ci was not written for the court or the emperor, but for the people. Write for a person's truest existence. The original meaning of a word is not the style of an article. It's the lyrics of singing. You have to put your words into this score, so it's called lyrics. They are all lyrics for singers. At that time, Liu Yong was the overlord of ci poetry. Wherever there was a well, Liu Ci could be sung. Liu Yong's ci was sung by ten thousand people at that time.
Du Ruohong: This situation of Liu Yong in Song Dynasty is like the king of pop music. Especially in the Northern Song Dynasty, this word can be said to be the world of Liu Yong's ci. Before Su Dongpo, Ci was despised by orthodox literary circles. It was in Su Dongpo's hands that Ci, like poetry, really became a literary form expressing ambition and emphasizing Taoism. It is Su Dongpo who no longer uses this word as lyrics. He wrote his inner ideal question with lyrics. This is the way he does things and writes lyrics. Su Dongpo's ci abandoned the first-person narrator and the word "I" appeared. He put himself on the stage to express his feelings. So Su Dongpo's ci is closer than Liu Yong's.
There is a Tangdao Temple in Tokyo, Japan, which is called Confucius Temple in Japan. Every year, when it comes to the college entrance examination, many parents and students come here to get visas and make wishes. In the third week of every month, there will be a Su Dongpo literature lecture hall here. This Song Dynasty writer has an incredible influence in Japan. "The river of no return is full of romantic figures ..." Chinese learners have junior and intermediate superiors. Su Dongpo is very popular with people above the intermediate level. "The world is like a dream ..." The poet's open-mindedness is between the lines. This artistic conception transcends time and space and boundaries.
At the other end of time, Su Dongpo also stopped in a hurry and showed a long-lost smile in front of the stormy Red Cliff.
On the bank of the Yangtze River in the northwest of Huangzhou, the foothills burst into the river, and the stone is as red as Dan, hence the name Chibi. In A.D. 1082, Su Dongpo wrote the famous "Niannujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia" in front of the Red Cliff. "The river of no return washes away the romantic figures of the ages, and the western culture is the Red Cliff of Zhou Lang in the Three Kingdoms." Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia is a direct expression of ambition and fighting spirit, and a sigh of success or failure. This word has the image of rivers, stormy waves and things changing, but it is actually about the change of the world. In those days, when the war was tense, Ma Si Gong Ming was reduced to nothingness. As a poet, Cao Cao and Zhou Yu are also indifferent. Only this river, this month, this piece of wood, this stone will last for a thousand years. "He tried to understand, giving the impression that he was liberated, affectionate Ying Xiao Wo, and early Fahua, but I was still melodramatic. That's all I come and go. I just can't choose clearly. I can't pull it out from here. Forget it. Pour the wine into the river. I'd better live well. " Li Qingzhao commented on the disharmony of Su Dongpo's ci. But it is precisely because of this freedom that Su Dongpo's ci is not hindered by time and space, and it revolves in the hearts of millions of people.
Fang Wenqing: "He didn't pay attention to the rhythm himself, and he didn't agree with rhyme. I think it's ok, because all his creations are from the perspective of literature, not music. " After the world became cold, Su Dongpo's ci entered the realm of freedom and naivety, so that the exquisite pen of "dreaming of marrying Gong Jin at the beginning of the year" was still buried in his heroic words, which also added touching youthful beauty to the vast history. He can write history, such as Nian Nu Jiao and Never Return to the River. He can write about brotherhood, such as Water Tune. You can also write about your wife's feelings, like Jiang Chengzi. He changed the theme of the words. All the contents, whether political, economic, military, farming, homesickness, etc., can be contained in the text, not just the love between men and women.
Dongpo Meat is the most popular specialty in Huanggang Dongpo Restaurant. It is said that this dish has a deep relationship with Huangzhou. There are three treasures in Huangzhou: rotten brick walls don't fall, straw pigs don't run, why pigs can't run, pigs are very fat, that is, there are many fat pigs in Huangzhou. Some fat meat, the rich will not eat, the poor will not eat, can not get. Su Dongpo, who was demoted to Huangzhou, was embarrassed. Fortunately, he found cheap pork. So Su Dongpo found another way to create dishes suitable for his own taste. "This is Su Shi, he is a gourmet, and this song" Ode to Pork "is about his experience of cooking pork. Wash this pot clean, drain less, and don't rush him when he is cooked. This is the point. Stew slowly on a small fire and fry oil, it will be fat but not greasy. " Dongpo meat is a delicious food left by Su Dongpo for later generations.
In the vast history, Su Dongpo is like an immortal idol. People like his "frankness", he enjoys it with the people when he is proud, and he still enjoys it when he is down and out. "Su Shi is full of love and attachment to life, and he will find life." On July 6, A.D. 1082/KLOC-0, Su Dongpo and some friends went boating and enjoyed the moon under the Red Cliff. "Jiangshan is so beautiful, the moon is so mighty, eating fish by the river, drinking wine, whistling with a bang, gathering with friends, looking up, I found it was moonlight." That night, all the noise in the world left, leaving only the moonlight and the independent red cliff by the river in their field of vision.
After three rounds of drinking, a Taoist named Yang Shichang blew a long whistle, and Xiao Sheng sobbed. Su Dongpo couldn't help feeling dejected. He asked Yang Shichang why he was so sad. This Taoist Yang Shichang, he is very sad, and his life time is so beautiful. Unfortunately, life is short. It would be great if he could have this cool breeze and bright moon for a long time. "In the face of his friend's sadness, he expressed the view that we must accept the brevity and limitation of human life, and he comforted his friend to accept change." Su Dongpo said to his friend. Everything in the world has its own owner, not its own penny, and it can't be obtained. Only the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains turn into sound when the ears hear it, and turn into color when the eyes see it. As long as we enjoy the breeze on the river and the bright moon on the mountain happily, why worry about the shortness of life and envy the eternity of the river? "Su Shi said, long-term possession of the cool breeze and bright moon is also very simple, and you can give your body and mind to nature. Enjoy it first. As long as you enjoy enough now, you will have it forever. "Su Dongpo's punch line made friends suddenly enlightened, and everyone began to raise their glasses. Unconsciously, the night was getting deeper and deeper, and everyone slept on the boat until dawn.
China Pavilion, Nelson Art Museum, USA. The ancient oriental civilization attracts tourists from all over the world to stop. But some people are inevitably lost, and the long-awaited "treasure of the town hall" is not on display here. This is a painting depicting Su Dongpo's post-Red Cliff Fu. This painting is so precious that we don't open it often, but once or twice a year at most. Regarding the priceless value of this painting, Ma Lin, director of the Oriental Art Department of the Museum, likes to talk about his legendary life experience. "This painting is a treasure of our Nelson Museum. Wu Lisheng, the curator, bought this painting for our museum. It was originally in the hands of Puyi decades ago, from the Forbidden City to Tianjin, and from Tianjin to Xinjing (Changchun), the new capital of the Puppet Manchukuo. The first half of the painting was cut off and that part was lost. Nelson Art Museum is famous for its collection of ancient China artworks. It is a private museum, and the cost of obtaining the collection comes from the funds of the Museum Committee. Finally, Wu Lisheng successfully bought this precious picture scroll. We found the money to buy it. At that time, this painting was the highest price in the history of Chinese painting, and it really cost a lot of money. It doesn't matter if you look at money now. It's priceless. I have bought this painting for more than thirty years. During these 30 years, Wu Lisheng was almost obsessed with knowing Su Dongpo and exploring everything about this painting. " The figure on the ground, this is very interesting You can see the figure on the ground here, which is the only painting in the history of China with shadows. Here you see the boat and Su Shi. You can always see Su Shi's face and shadow. I think it's very interesting. In this painting, Su Shi's five senses are very distinct. Qiao Chongchang, the painter of this painting, may have met Su Shi. "
Three months after "Fu on the Red Cliff", Su Dongpo once again visited the Red Cliff at night, all of which were vividly presented in this picture scroll collected by Nelson Museum. Su Dongpo climbed the cliff of Chibi alone and screamed at the night sky. "I whistle, looking forward to nature's answer and response. Nature responded, but he was afraid. ""The mountain seems to have become more ferocious, which made him a little nervous and he came down. " So Su Dongpo returned to the boat, and Zhou Ren went with the flow. When I raised my eyes and looked around, I was at a loss. It happened that a lonely crane crossed the river and dragged a long sound from the side of the boat. "He gave up this climbing, gave up transcendence, and finally stressed that I want to return to the world." When I come back, I dream at night. A Taoist priest came to see him and asked him if he was happy in You Jiang today. Su Dongpo asked the scholar's name, but the Taoist priest didn't answer and bowed his head. Su Dongpo suddenly realized that the crane crossing the river was not you. Road flyover smiled back. Su Dongpo woke up suddenly, opened the doors and windows and saw nothing but the clear moonlight.
There is a popular art in Suzhou called nuclear carving. Everyone who plays nuclear carving knows a name, Chen. "People from Taiwan Province Province came to see the nuclear carving. They said there was a boat in Taiwan Province Province and an olive boat in the Palace Museum. Then I saw a little design in the book. I have been doing it for decades, thinking about boats. Later, my daughter went to junior high school. She said, Mom, we learned the boat you made when we were studying. She told me where Su Dongpo was sitting and what kind of person Su Dongpo was, and I gradually understood. " This encounter across thousands of miles gave Chen a different understanding of his works. "Su Dongpo was in that small room, and he looked up at the outside slightly. Seeing him sitting comfortably in the boat, he was very optimistic. He hopes that everyone will be as happy as Su Dongpo. "
"Red Cliff has become a very popular theme because of Su Shi's poems." The theme of "Red Wall Fu" is an indelible typical theme of China literati's ideals in the low tide era. After Qiao Zhongchang in the Northern Song Dynasty, many painters in the past dynasties painted red cliff pictures. Under the steep red cliff, Su Dongpo's figure, as well as the one-sided boat, all seem so small, and finally all this has become a thing of the past. Only Chibi is as strong as ever. These years in Huangzhou are the golden age of Su Dongpo's literary creation. In A.D. 1082, his poems, essays and calligraphy were immortal, and he spoke for the Song Dynasty. This may be another compensation for fate. Huangzhou's creation put him in the ranks of Li Bai and Du Fu, without shame, and even added a little more color of his own.
One night in late autumn, Su Dongpo drank with his friends and got drunk again. "When I came back, when I got home, it was already midnight, that is, in the early morning. Knocking at the door All the servants at home are asleep, so they shouldn't knock at the door. If the average person knocks at the door, it should be unlikely to get angry, but Su Dongpo gives us the feeling that there is nothing in life that can't be overcome. If we turn around, the road will be wider. " Su Dongpo came to the river, quietly listening to the sound of the river, and a sentence was brewing in his heart.
"I drank Dongpo at night, woke up, got drunk, and came back as if it were midnight. My children hummed and thundered. I didn't knock at the door. I leaned on my stick and listened to the sound of the river. I often hate that this body is not mine when I forget to go camping. Midnight was calm and flowing, and the boat passed away, and Jianghai sent the rest of his life. " He leaned against a cane, listening to the sound of Jiang Sheng Jiang Tao's waves, rolling like his heart, which explained why he didn't want to wake up. There are too many fetters on him. I can't get rid of too many things. When can I put this trouble behind me? This song "Fairy on the River" is quietly circulated in the small town. Some people say that Su Dongpo hung his clothes on the river last night and flew away by boat. The next day, it was spread in the city that "the ship died from now on, and Jianghai sent the rest of his life."
Su Dongpo was reborn on the brink of death after suffering. For Su Dongpo, Huangzhou is no longer a difficult exile. For Huangzhou, Su Dongpo is no longer just an insignificant passer-by.