/kloc-Capitalism in some parts of France in the 0/8th century has been quite developed, with many capitalist handicraft factories, individual enterprises employing thousands of workers and advanced equipment. Strong financial capital. The bourgeoisie has become the richest class economically, but it is still in a helpless position politically. The vast majority of rural areas retain feudal land ownership and implement a strict feudal hierarchy. The first class composed of Catholic priests and the second class composed of nobles are the dominant privileged classes. The bourgeoisie, peasants and urban civilians constitute the third class and are in a dominant position. The highest representative of the privileged class is Bourbon King Louis XVI. At the end of 18, the contradiction between the third class and the privileged class became more and more serious. The privileged class stubbornly maintains its privileged position. At the third level, farmers and urban civilians are the basic masses and the main force of the later revolution. The bourgeoisie is in a leading position by virtue of its economic strength, political talent and cultural knowledge.
1789 in may, the king was forced to convene a three-level meeting, which was later changed to the national assembly and the constitutional assembly. On July 14, the people of Paris revolted and captured the Bastille, and the revolution broke out. On August 26th, the Constitutional Convention adopted the Declaration of Human Rights and Citizenship (hereinafter referred to as the Declaration of Human Rights), which established the basic principles of capitalism such as human rights, legal system, civil liberties and private property rights. Parliament also issued decrees to abolish the aristocratic system, the guild system and the confiscation and auction of church property. At the beginning of the revolution, the constitutional monarchy (Yang Fei School), which represented the interests of the big bourgeoisie and liberal aristocrats, gained political power. 1791On June 20th, Louis XVI fled in disguise (see Louis XVI's escape incident) and tried to collude with foreign forces to put out the revolution. He was caught halfway and sent back to Paris. The masses demanded the abolition of the monarchy and the implementation of * * * harmony, but the constitutional monarchy advocated maintaining the status quo and retaining the monarchy. Constitutional monarchists formulated the constitution of 179 1 and held a legislative meeting to safeguard the constitutional monarchy and oppose the continued development of the revolution.
The first and second classes reached a compromise with the big bourgeoisie, but the contradiction with the peasants and urban civilians, who accounted for the majority of the French population, did not ease. On the contrary, the people saw their own strength in the struggle. On August 1792, the people of Paris revolted again, overthrew the constitutional monarchy and arrested King Louis XVI. On September 2 1, the National Assembly was convened, and the French Republic was declared the next day.
10 After the uprising in August, gironde came to power. On September 20th, the French army defeated the foreign intervention army in the battle of Valmy. The National Assembly elected by universal suffrage opened on September 2 1, and the first French Republic was established on September 22. During gironde's administration, he issued decrees to force nobles to return illegally occupied public land, lease or sell confiscated church land to farmers, and severely crack down on priests and fugitive nobles who refused to take an oath to the Constitution. 1793 65438+1October 2 1 day, the National Association executed Louis XVI for treason after trial.
Gironde focused on opposing jacobins, the Paris Commune and the Paris pants-free people headed by robespierre. Since the autumn of 1792, mass movements have sprung up in ceiling price, demanding to crack down on speculators. The populist revolutionaries, represented by the cynics, demand that speculators be severely punished, the prices of daily necessities be completely limited, and the enemy be attacked by terrorist means. Gironde decreed to suppress the movement. 1793 from February to March, European countries headed by Britain formed an anti-French alliance to strengthen armed intervention; There was also a large-scale royalist rebellion in China. In April, the main commander of the front line, General Di muriel of gironde, defected to the enemy. At the critical moment of the revolution, the Parisian people launched the third uprising from May 3rd to June 2nd, overthrew the rule of gironde and established the dictatorship of jacobins.
Jacobins promulgated the Constitution of jacobin, abolished feudal ownership, put down the rebellion in gironde and shattered the armed intervention of European monarchies. However, the anti-labor Lafeixia law and the compulsory labor law for agricultural workers are still maintained, and anger and Abelism are suppressed.
[1][2] Unfortunately, jacobins's radical and horrible policies have also caused it to split and fight. Isolated robespierre could not completely protect the achievements of the French Revolution, and the anti-French alliance was pieced together again and again by feudal monarchs in Europe. They besieged the French Revolution round after round in an attempt to restore the feudal politics of the French Bourbon dynasty. 1On July 27th, 794, the rightist forces suppressed by Romania launched a hot moon coup in jacobin, arrested robespierre and St. Just, and established the hot moon party rule. At this time, the most critical moment of the revolution has passed, and enthusiasts have established a new revolutionary government-the governor's government. They eliminated the revolutionary terror policy and radical measures in the robespierre period, established the normal rule of the bourgeoisie, safeguarded the * * * and political power, and safeguarded the achievements of the French bourgeois revolution.
However, the forces of foreign encirclement and suppression revolution are still surging. At this time, a new political star appeared in the governor's government. He is Napoleon, and history has eliminated fans. In the "foggy month coup", young Napoleon came to power and shouldered the heavy responsibility of sweeping the feudal forces in Europe and finally consolidating the achievements of the Great Revolution.
This is how the revolutionary forces in France advance in waves. A group of people who have completed their historical mission at a specific stage are ruthlessly eliminated by history, and so on until the revolution is successful. This revolution destroyed the feudal autocracy in France and promoted the development of French capitalism. It also impacted the feudal system in Europe and promoted the revolutions in European countries.