Leshan Giant Buddha's head is flush with the mountain, and his hands touch his knees and step on the river. The Buddha's posture is symmetrical and his spirit is solemn. He was hewn out of the mountain and sat by the river. The giant Buddha is 7 1m high, 14.7m high, 10m wide,102/bun, 7m long ears, 5.6m long nose, 5.6m long eyebrows, 3.3m long mouth and eyes, 3m high neck and 23m wide shoulders. On the cliffs along the river on the left and right sides of the Giant Buddha, there are two stone sculptures of Dharma warriors who are as high as 10 meters, holding Geji and wearing cassock, as well as hundreds of shrines and thousands of stone statues, which constitute a huge Buddhist stone carving art group. On the left side of the giant Buddha, along the "cave sky" is the starting point of Lingyun plank road, with a total length of nearly 500 meters. On the right is the Jiuqu plank road. After the Buddha statue was carved, thirteen pavilions were built, which were called "Giant Buddha Pavilion", "Elephant Pavilion" and "Tianning Pavilion" in the Song Dynasty. Unfortunately, it was destroyed by the war in the late Ming dynasty and burned by rebels in Zhang. Dozens of caves can be seen from the cliffs on both sides of the giant Buddha, which is where the beams and columns are placed when the pavilion is built. Today, the beams and columns have long been demolished, and the majestic Buddha still stands tall.
The rocks on both sides of the Giant Buddha are red sandstone, and the red sandstone in Leshan is a loose and easily weathered rock, which is softer than granite and is a good material suitable for carving. However, after the Buddha statue is carved, it is easily eroded and weathered. Leshan Giant Buddha is carved on this rock. In the long years of 1000 years, Leshan Giant Buddha is still inevitably damaged by various kinds, both natural and man-made. It has been maintained in various dynasties. For hundreds of years since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the giant Buddha has been eroded by natural wind and rain, so that the Buddha's body is riddled with holes and unrecognizable. 1962 The government allocated special funds for the comprehensive maintenance of the Buddha statue. 1982 was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit in the State Council in February. 1990, the government allocated funds for a relatively thorough maintenance of the head of the giant Buddha. At the same time, some supporting facilities and service facilities were added. 199665438+February, Emei Mountain-Leshan Giant Buddha was approved by UNESCO as "World Cultural and Natural Heritage" and included in the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List. Professor Sansel Silva, a UNESCO world heritage expert, praised that "Leshan Giant Buddha is comparable to other stone carvings in the world, such as the Sphinx and the Valley of the Nile Kings".
The giant Buddha includes Leshan Giant Buddha, Lingbao Tower, Lingyun Temple, Shihaidong, Jiuqu-Lingyun plank road, Giant Sleeping Buddha, Oriental Buddha Capital, Western Heaven, Ma Hao Cliff Tomb, Una and so on.
Lingyun Shengjing
The temples on the peak of Lingyun Mountain are still preserved, including Lingyun Temple on the peak and Lingbao Tower on Lingbao Peak. Lingyun Temple is quite large, and the giant Buddha is carved on a cliff not far from the temple. From here, you can go down to the foot of the Buddha along a steep path dug on the edge of the cliff. You can look at the Buddha statues on the railings and carefully observe the subtle differences in various parts of the giant Buddha's head. Because the giant Buddha was carved in front of Lingyun Temple, it is also called Lingyun Giant Buddha. Lingyun Temple is also called the Big Buddha Temple because of this big Buddha. There is a giant Buddha in Lingyun Mountain, and the mountain is more famous. The giant Buddha is on Lingyun Mountain, and the mountain is more colorful.
There are pavilions and pavilions such as Dongpo Memorial Hall and Jingxiu Pavilion around Lingyun Mountain. There are also many Han cliff tombs on the mountain, some of which are more than ten meters deep, surrounded by exquisite sculptures, and pottery women and other funerary objects, which are unique historical sites in Sichuan.
On the stone wall on the right side of the giant Buddha is the famous "Jiuqu plank road", which was dug at the same time as the Buddha flash. The widest part of the plank road is 1.45m, and the narrowest part is 0.6m Move the stone steps of ***2 17 backward down the cliff and reach the foot of the Giant Buddha. Unfortunately, the stone shrine left on the cliff has been badly weathered. Bypassing the foot of the Buddha is the "Lingyun plank road" on the left side of the Buddha. Cutting the wall and piercing the hole is hidden between the cliffs on the left side of Leshan Giant Buddha. The plank road 1983 was first excavated, completed on 1984, and opened in the same year1October, with a total length of about 500 meters. Together with the Jiuqu plank road on the right side of the Giant Buddha, it forms a circuitous tourist route.
Lingyun Temple was built in the Tang Dynasty, located at the right rear of the head of the giant Buddha, commonly known as the Big Buddha Temple. In the early years of Tang Kaiyuan (AD 7 13), when the Buddha statue was excavated, the temple characters were expanded. Lingyun Temple, built in the Tang Dynasty, was destroyed by Yuan Shundi War. It was repaired twice in Ming dynasty and destroyed again in late Ming dynasty. The existing Lingyun Temple was rebuilt in the sixth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1667). After many repairs. On the plaque in the middle of the temple gate is the word "Lingyun Temple" inscribed by Su Dongpo. The couplets on both sides are "the river of no return, Buddhism and Taoism come from the west". This couplet not only gives people a sense of Buddhist solemnity, but also shows the geographical location of Lingyun Temple, and cleverly embeds the word "Giant Buddha" in it. There is a triple quadrangle building in the temple, which consists of the Heavenly King Hall, the Ursa Major Hall and the Tibetan Scripture Building. The sutra storage building was originally the place where Buddhist scriptures were collected in the temple, and was newly built in 1930. Modern architectural style can be seen in structure and modeling. The newly-built "Shihai Hall" downstairs is carved with full-length portraits of Haitong Mage, the founder of the Giant Buddha, and Zhang Qiu, Joan and Wei Gao, the successors, to express their admiration.
Lingbao Tower, also known as Lingyun Tower, is named after it stands on the top of Lingbao Peak behind Lingyun Temple. Built in the Tang Dynasty, the tower is a square pyramid with dense eaves and bricks. It sits east to west, with a height of 38 meters and a floor of * * * 13. The tower is hollow, and the stone steps spiral along the tower axis to the top of the tower. The top of the tower is quadrangular. Lingbao Tower has windows on every floor. According to the situation of mountains and rivers, the purpose of building this tower is mainly as a symbol of the confluence of the three rivers. The 765,438+0-meter-high Giant Buddha is designed to protect the water and safety of the town, while the Lingbao Tower is used as a navigation sign to make boatmen pay more attention to cross rapids and rapids safely. Lingbao Tower, a symbol of the ancient city of Jiazhou, was declared as a cultural relic protection unit by the Sichuan Provincial People's Government.
Dongpo Memorial Hall is one of the famous monuments in Lingyun Mountain. Dongpo Memorial Hall is also called Dongpo Reading Building. Located at the top of Qiluan Mountain, it is a quadrangle building composed of buildings, corridors and pavilions. Dongpo Memorial Hall is a two-story building with single wood. The word "Dongpo Memorial Hall" on the horizontal plaque at the door was written by Huang Tingjian, and Su Dongpo reclined in the center of the hall. There is a pavilion opposite the cliff of Dongpo Memorial Hall, namely Yin Qing Pavilion. Looking at the Yin Qing Pavilion, the river is far away and the scenery is beautiful.
The Western Heaven integrates ancient buildings, cliff statues, sculptures, murals and paintings with beautiful scenery. The ancient buildings imitating the Tang Dynasty include Tianqiao, Tianmen, Ladder, Yuntai, Ladder and Three Great Halls.
Oriental Buddha Capital
1994 was completed and opened in may. It is only one mile away from Leshan Giant Buddha, which is an extension of the Buddhist culture of Leshan Giant Buddha tourist attractions and a major part of the Giant Buddha. In the area of 200,000 square meters, more than 3,000 Buddha statues at home and abroad have been copied. With the extension of the natural mountain, cliff stone carvings, reliefs, carvings, murals and other forms are adopted, and different materials are selected, including stone carvings, bronze carvings, colored sculptures, jet sculptures and other large and small Buddha statues.
Cave Tomb on Mahao River
Ma Hao Cliff Tomb is located on the east bank of the spillway between Lingyun and Una Mountains, and Ma Hao is its place name. Cliff tomb is a popular form of tomb in western Sichuan, especially in Leshan area. It is characterized by artificially chiseling sand and stones along shallow hills and valleys into square caves, and then burying the remains and martyrs. Seen from the outside, this is a mysterious cave. This kind of tomb was popular from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties more than 1800 years ago, so it was called the Cliff Tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the early years, Ma Hao Cliff Tomb was known as the "crown of tombs in Nan 'an" for its large scale and exquisite portrait carving. There are stone reliefs of Han Dynasty and exquisite cultural relics unearthed from Hanya Tomb in the tomb. It includes not only all kinds of Han architecture, portraits, sarcophagus, costumes, chariots and horses, birds, animals, insects and fish, but also many historical themes, fairy tales and calligraphy inscriptions. What has been opened is a large tomb with three points in the front hall. There are exquisite carvings, cornices, tiles, arches and patterns on the tomb door, all of which are similar. There are tens of thousands of cliff patterns in the Eastern Han Dynasty in Leshan, which are distributed on cliff walls and shallow valleys along the Minjiang River, Qingyi River and Dadu River. Its quantity and scale are large, and the richness of stone carvings ranks first in Sichuan. Mahao Cliff Tomb belongs to Han Tomb, and Mahao area is relatively concentrated, which is the most concentrated and representative tomb group in Leshan Cliff Tomb Group. Within the range of about 200 meters long and 25 meters wide, there are 544 cliff tombs, and the gates cover each other and are as dense as a honeycomb. The tombs of the Han Dynasty were declared as national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council in 1988.
Una Temple
In ancient times, there were mountains and piles. According to legend, Li Bing, the prefect of Shu County in Qin Dynasty, dug them for "avoiding the harm of foam water". Wu Youshan and Lingyun Mountain stand side by side on the bank of Minjiang River, surrounded by water, with isolated peaks and lush trees. Wu Youshan is also called "Five Niu Shan" because he lives alone in the river like a black cow. According to legend, Huang Tingjian, a poet in the Song Dynasty, thought his name was indecent, but when he saw the ancient trees on the mountain, he changed his name to "Wu Youshan". Wuyou Temple, which was built in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, is adjacent to Lingyun Temple, separated by water and connected by a suspension bridge, forming a complete scenic spot with Lingyun Mountain. There is a worry-free temple on the mountain. The building is built on the mountain, winding, exquisite and elegant, and has a unique style. Besides Buddhist temples, there are also exquisite buildings, such as Yi Kuang Pavilion, Tingtaoxuan and Ergoya. The existing temples are all buildings after the Qing Dynasty, and they are relatively well-preserved temples in Sichuan Province.