Xuanzang stood at the bow and shouted, "Hurry! Come on! Save the scriptures! And those seeds! " There are too many cooks around everyone to help, and there are not enough ponchos. They take off their clothes and cover their books. Suddenly, the hull shook violently and several bundles of luggage fell into the river. Xuanzang shouted and rushed to save him. The ship suddenly tilted and Xuanzang's upper body rushed into the water. Wukong screamed at the back, rushed to hold Master's waist and sat back. Both of them had a bad fall. Xuanzang sat on the planking and burst into tears: "Book! My book! "
After landing, I counted, lost 50 scrolls and many precious fruit tree seeds. Xuanzang was heartbroken. While comforting, Wukong and other disciples carefully spread the wet books on the open space to dry. They have too many classics, and the glistening ground is covered with riverbanks, attracting passers-by to watch.
Suddenly, a rider came to Machi, and a man dressed in official clothes immediately asked loudly, "Can Master Xuanzang of the Tang Dynasty be here?"
Xuanzang stood up and answered; "The poor monk is Xuanzang."
The man immediately said excitedly, "The master really came! Please wait a moment, the king of Gabon will come here to meet the mage soon! " Say that finish, he flew away again.
Wukong wrung the water off his clothes and said, "Great, someone will take care of it and give some clean clothes."
After a while, King Gabriel was surrounded by his attendants. Seeing Xuanzang, he said happily; "I heard that the mage is coming and has been waiting here for a long time. Not far ahead are the five cities of Gahanda. Please stay a little longer, and King Jasmino will come to see the mage soon. "
They lived in Wuduojia Handa City for more than fifty days, mainly to find the lost scriptures. The Indus River is wide and steep, so it is not easy to salvage it. Fortunately, a few books have been salvaged, and they have been soaked in water and washed into a ball beyond recognition. This is more painful for Xuanzang than gouging out a piece of meat from his heart.
Xuanzang and his party went on, crossing the snow-capped mountains and passing through several small countries.
Walking on the mountain road of Qipantuo (now Tashkorla Autonomous County, Xinjiang), Wukong, who was standing in front, suddenly stumbled back. His face was covered with blood and his robe was cut several times. He shouted in panic: "Master! Master! There are robbers! Everybody run! " Xuanzang rode on the elephant's back and asked, "Didn't you tell them that we were monks who learned the scriptures?"
"I told them from the start! But these robbers are greedy, saying that they should leave their clothes and animals even if they have no money. As they said, they really came to strip my clothes. If I don't do it, they will cut it if they raise their knives. Blessed by the Bodhisattva, this Dao is wide. Master, run! They kill people without blinking! "
Xuanzang quickly climbed down from the statue, carrying two bundles of scriptures on his shoulders and holding another bundle in his arms. He said, "We will disperse in the mountains. Even if robbers catch up with us, they will not take all the scriptures!"
"ah! Master, only you regard these scriptures as your lifeblood, and those robbers don't even look at them! What they want is property, without which we will die! Go! " Nevertheless, Wukong picked up two bundles of books in one hand and took Xuanzang in the other, and ran into the forest with one foot deep and one foot shallow. Other monks and those who were escorted by the King of the Sun also fled for their lives. Behind them, the robbers shouted and killed them. In an instant, Ma Si roared and was in a mess.
Xuanzang and Wukong crouched in a shallow ditch, watching the robbers run past, their bright blades flying around, almost touching their scalps.
The robber left, and the master and apprentice climbed out of the shallow ditch and returned to their original place. Others who got away with it came back one after another. I saw a mess on the ground, with clothes, scriptures and Buddha statues scattered in the mud and branches. Several horses broke their legs in panic and struggled and wailed on the ground. All the elephants are gone, and everyone is looking for them everywhere. Only a few drowned elephant bodies were found in the cave. Others were either driven up by robbers or scattered in the forest. Fortunately, there is not much loss in the scriptures. Xuanzang's mood is very heavy, because there are no elephants, and these heavy books and Buddha statues can only be picked by people and horses. Needless to say, the speed of progress is much slower. When can I return to my old country after such a long separation?
The weather is getting colder. Braving the severe cold, the group continued to travel northeast, arrived in Xiansha County (now Shule County, Xinjiang), turned to the southeast again, and arrived in Tianan County in the 18th year of Zhenguan (AD 644).
King Khotan invited Xuanzang to continue giving lectures, and Xuanzang agreed.
Wukong asked, "Master, didn't you say that you couldn't wait to get to Chang 'an all the way? Since we are on the edge of the Tang Dynasty, why not leave? These classics cannot be read in three to five months. Can Master really hold his temper and stay in Khotan for three to five months? "
"Wang Yu is so enthusiastic, how can I let him down?"
"Just for this?"
"We lost so many books on the road, and I have been very uneasy. I want to take this opportunity to send people to Qu Zhi and other neighboring countries to supplement these classics. Otherwise, I will feel sorry for a lifetime. "
Wukong still won't give up: "That's it?"
"What do you think I do?"
Wukong blinked: "I guess Master is mainly worried that the court will find you trouble after returning home?"
"You monkey head, you look like a worm in my stomach!" Xuanzang sighed at this point: "I wonder if the imperial court can let bygones be bygones for the sake of my eagerness to seek dharma and my devotion to Buddhism, and stop blaming me for my past mistakes." ? "
In this way, Xuanzang lived in Khotan for seven months. While teaching Buddhist scriptures, he drafted a chapter and a table, and euphemistically stated his own situation: he met insurmountable obstacles in his Buddhist research and decided to go to India to learn Buddhist scriptures regardless. The journey is 50 thousand Li, and there are countless dangers. During my ten years in India, I learned a lot and publicized the prestige and prosperity of the Tang Dynasty to Indian countries. Now that I'm back from Buddhist scriptures, I can't help drowning an elephant. I can't take many scriptures with me, so I just stay in the dark and wait for my will.
The chapter has been drafted, but who will submit it for you?
Just then, Qu Honghai's camel team also arrived in Khotan.
When he saw Xuanzang again, he repeatedly sighed: "Master Xuanzang is now famous all over the world! On the way, I heard that Master Ling was giving a lecture at an altar in Khotan, and I met many people who came to attend the lecture specially. When we arrived at the lecture hall, ah, it was spectacular! Thousands of people crowded together, but it was so quiet that you could hear a pin drop. I couldn't squeeze in, so I listened at the door for a while. Wow, I heard every word the teacher said clearly, as if it were in my ear. It won't take long for us people who have traveled all over the country to spread it, and Chang 'an will know the teacher's name. "
Xuanzang asked, "Are you going to Chang 'an? "
"yes! What can I do for you? "
"I have a badge of the imperial court. Would you please show it to me?"
"Oh, hey! All right! When a great virtue like Master Lu returns to China, the emperor may reward me if he is happy! "
Wukong interjected: "My master has been worried that the court will investigate his private escape from the country."
Qu Honghai shook his head hard: "Master Lu has been in China for too long, and he doesn't know the virtue of Zhenguan Tian Zi. Just wait for the good news! "
Soon, an enthusiastic personal letter from Emperor Taizong Li Shimin was sent to Khotan by the messenger. Li Shimin is eagerly looking forward to Xuanzang's early departure and meeting the monk in Chang 'an as soon as possible. He also told Xuanzang that the Tang government also welcomed other monks who knew Sanskrit and Confucian classics to China. What moved Xuanzang even more was that Emperor Taizong had ordered Khotan and other countries to organize manpower and transportation to escort him back to the Tang Dynasty. At the same time, he also ordered local officials in Dunhuang, Shanshan and other places along the way to receive him properly and give him all due care.
The more Xuanzang listened, the more excited he became. When the envoy finished reading, he was already in tears.
In the 19th year of Zhenguan (AD 645), on the 24th day of the first month, Xuanzang returned after 18 years' absence.
Wukong excitedly pointed to the surging crowd and said, "Master, look! Look! People have come to welcome us! "
A burly horse came at us. Although the weather was very cold, people like the Black Tower were sweating and panting at once. He jumped off his horse and shouted, "Everest, do you still know me?"
Xuanzang was pleasantly surprised: "Ren Hao! You are Ren Hao! "
The two met after a long separation and hugged each other tightly.
Ren Hao is old, and his dark face has scars besides wrinkles.
Xuanzang is old, and his face is full of vicissitudes after eighteen years of running around.
General Homer, Chen Shi, Yongzhou Sima Li Shushen and Chang 'an County Li Ganyou also arrived. They suggested that in view of the traffic jam, Xuanzang and his party should be wronged outside the city for one night and then enter Chang 'an tomorrow, so as to leave enough time for local officials to prepare for the grand welcoming ceremony. Xuanzang repeatedly crossed his hands and thanked each other.
In February, Emperor Taizong summoned Xuanzang in Yiluan Hall, accompanied by Prince Li Zhi and his uncle Sun Chang Wuji. The scene was very grand.
Li Shimin and Xuanzang hit it off at first sight and chatted very speculatively. Li Shimin was very interested in the customs of western countries and listened with relish. He admired Xuanzang's erudition very much, and said bluntly, "If the exorcist can get rid of his cassock and participate in state affairs, he will certainly establish immortal achievements."
Xuanzang was unprepared for this. He quickly said, "I appreciate your kindness. However, Xuanzang became a monk in his early years and devoted himself to Buddhism, knowing very little about the study of governing the country and keeping the country safe. If you are a vulgar official, it's like you abandoned the ship on a drifting voyage. This is really not a wise move. Xuanzang is willing to carry forward Buddhism with his whole life to serve the country. "
He speaks tactfully: his words are gentle and tortuous, but he does not lose his original intention. Li Shimin knew that he could not control his enthusiasm, so he changed the subject: "I will soon lead my own expedition to North Korea. Can you ask the exorcist to go with me? In this way, I can continue to talk to the mage after joining the army. "
Xuanzang saw that the emperor was eager to love talents, but he refused: "Buddhism forbids you to watch military expeditions. Please forgive Xuanzang for not doing what he said. "
He refused the emperor's invitation twice. If it were another monarch, I'm afraid he would be furious. However, Li Shimin is a very open-minded person and doesn't care. During the chat, he asked Xuanzang what his plans were when he returned to China. Xuanzang said, "I brought back more than 600 Buddhist scriptures from India, all in Sanskrit. I want to find a quiet place and try my best to translate them. It is said that there is a Shaolin Temple in the south and north, far away from the hubbub, and there is a beautiful spring stone. It was built by Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, where Dharma once translated scriptures. Xuanzang hopes to concentrate on translating the scriptures there to repay the kindness of the court. "
Li Shimin shook his head. "If the mage goes there, it will be difficult for me to talk to the mage again. You don't have to go to the mountains to translate scriptures. Hongfu Temple in Chang 'an was built by me for the Empress Dowager. Although living in downtown, it is also very quiet. Let's live there. If you need anything, just go to Fang. "
Xuanzang thank humbly.
Li Shimin added: "I want to know more about the mountains, rivers, products, customs and human feelings of the countries in the Western Region. I hope the master can translate what he saw and heard in the west into classics and arrange them into books. How come? "
"Xuanzang obeyed."
Nineteenth year of Zhenguan (AD 645): In mid-May, everything was ready and the translation of classics officially began.
Xuanzang recruited many eminent monks and scholars through Fang Lingxuan, the prime minister. The translation field is orderly and performs its duties.
In July of the twentieth year of Zhenguan (AD 646), Xuanzang dictated and recorded the story about Journey to the West, and finally named it "The Western Regions of Datang". This book * * * has a volume of 12, with more than 65,438+words, and describes the general situation of Xuanzang's study tour in16,5438+00 countries and 28 countries he has heard of. It is not only China's masterpiece, but also an important document to study the history and geography of Central Asian countries and Indian, Nepalese, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Sri Lankan countries. Many situations in the book are mostly not recorded in the New Tang Book and the Old Tang Book. Moreover, the writing in the book is fluent, and the descriptions of countries make readers feel as if they are there. This book has a high academic value and is valued by scholars all over the world.
In May of the 22nd year of Zhenguan (A.D. 649), Xuanzang translated the voluminous Yoga Teacher's Theory of Land into 100 volume. This scripture, like On Exaggerating the Holy Religion, was written by an Indian monk and is an important theoretical classic of Mahayana Buddhism.
Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, was fascinated by Moxiang Yoga in Yuhua Palace. Sun Chang Wuji and Minister Chu Suiliang were left out in the cold. You look at me and I look at you, and no one dares to interrupt.
Seeing the beauty, Li Shimin clapped his hands and shouted, "Good!"
Sun Chang Wuji just found the opportunity to speak: "I haven't read a few Buddhist scriptures because they are too abstruse. Although I know the meaning is profound and extensive, I can't start. Master Xuanzang can translate the scriptures so wonderfully and easily. What a rare talent! Your majesty knows English, especially rare! "
Chu () Sui Liang also quickly said, "Master Xuanzang can sacrifice his life to seek the Dharma, venture into Wan Li and return home to translate the classics. He is tireless and tireless: very diligent and tireless. This is how I feel about your majesty's holiness! "
Li Shimin smiled: "The mage has profound knowledge and extraordinary perseverance. What does it have to do with me? I have an idea. I should ask Admiral Sima to make nine copies of this book and send it to Kyushu, so that it will not be lost and benefit the whole world. "
Sun Chang Wuji and Chu Suiliang said in unison, "Your Majesty's mercy is really a blessing in the world!"
Li Shimin shook his head and smiled. "I'm a little carried away by such kind words. You take everything as my credit, and everything I say is right. Master Xuanzang is not like you. He never agrees with anything he doesn't agree with. He is really a rare talent! Unfortunately, such talents have been buried in temples all their lives, but they are not used by me. Do you have any good ways to help me persuade him to be a secular official? "
Sun Chang Wuji said: "Give him a senior official and he may be tempted."
"Fame and fortune are like dirt to him."
Chu Suiliang said, "Then tell him clearly that refusing to use it for your majesty is disloyalty. When he is afraid, he will obey. "
"He gave his life, through hardships, will be afraid of death? If I can't do it well, I will fall into the notoriety of being narrow-minded and framing talents. " Li Shimin looked distressed: "Xuanzang is waiting outside the palace gate now, but I can't think of any reason to convince him. Don't keep him waiting, let him in. "
Eunuch went out to deliver letters. After a while, Xuanzang put on his cassock and went to the temple to salute.
Pointing to the yoga theory in the case, Li Shimin said, "I am reading the scripture newly translated by the master. It's really wonderful. "
Xuanzang thanked him and said, "I dare ask your majesty to preface the new sutra so that the true sutra of Buddhism can be promulgated all over the world."
"This, I promise. Can the mage also promise me one thing: to go back to the DPRK to seek politics? "
Xuanzang refused again, saying, "Your Majesty has been gracious to me, and Xuanzang is grateful to tears. Only painstaking: describe painstaking and energetic. Mostly used for education and creation, dedicated to Buddhism to repay your majesty's grace! "
Li Shimin sighed: "Everyone has their own ideas, so we can't force them. I admire the mage's persistence. If everyone has such infatuation and perseverance as Arihoshi, what can't be done in the world? I will never talk about secularization again. May the master complete the translation of the scriptures as soon as possible! "
Li Shimin is quick-witted, and his 78 1 word Preface to the Three Monks of Datang is simply a passing remark. After writing, he admired himself for a while and was very impressed. He copied it by hand again (ténɡ).)
In the article, Li Shimin praised Xuanzang's moral conduct, saying that "the loose wind and hidden moon are not as good as Tsinghua's, and the fairy pearl can be entrusted with it", and praised his talent and learning, "He is never tired of wisdom, divining without shape, and beyond the six dusts, he is eternal and without righteousness."
Xuanzang won this honor, and Hongfu Temple was filled with joy. There is a monk in the temple named Huairen, who is good at calligraphy. He copied the preface of Emperor Taizong with a running script, and later carved it into a stone tablet, which was called "Preface to the Holy Teaching of Wang Xizhi" in calligraphy. The tablet written by Chu Suiliang in regular script is called "Preface to the Holy Teaching of Chu Suiliang". These two inscriptions have been handed down to this day, both of which are famous calligraphy posts.
/kloc-in October/February, the Jigong, presided over by Prince Li Zhi himself, was completed. This magnificent temple was built by Li Zhi to commemorate the grandson of the late queen, so it was named Jean Temple. In the temple, a prayer room was specially built. There are rainbow beam algae wells, bamboo pillars and jade bricks, painters' clouds and golden flowers in the courtyard, which is really magnificent. The prince announced that Master Xuanzang had been invited to stay in the Buddhist temple and become the abbot of Ji 'an Temple.
On the day of departure, all the major temples in Chang 'an set up tents and sent them along the way. In the mighty procession, the first thing to bear the brunt is the caravan of Jin Cai Xuan sill, which is filled with treasures such as Buddhist scriptures, Buddha statues and relics that Xuanzang retrieved from India. Xuanzang himself rode in the middle, followed by his disciples and other monks, filled with fifty cars. Prince Li Zhi personally dispatched more than 1,000 officers and men from the Eastern Palace for Xuanzang's disposal. I saw a banner (fān) like a forest, a colorful building like a sea, surrounded by civil and military officials. There is no head in front of the long queue, and there is no tail behind it.1more than 500 chariots and horses. There are nine musicians led by Taichang Temple Qing and Li Daozong, King of Jiangxia, and Wan Nian and Pei Fangyan led musicians from all counties to play in the back. At that time, drums and music sounded, shaking the whole city. The audience poured into the streets.
Amid cheers, Emperor Taizong Li Shimin, Prince Li Zhi and concubines in the harem appeared on Anfu Gate with incense burners in their hands. Li Shimin was ill, but he still smiled and waved.
Xuanzang was welcomed into Jionji by the generals, such as the stars holding the moon, and meeting the prince Li Zhi and other eminent monks. Li Zhi personally guided Xuanzang and visited temples and houses in Jionji.
On the fifth night of February, 664, Xuanzang, the world's greatest Buddhist, translator and traveler, died: in Buddhist terms, monks and nuns died. Yes
Early the next morning, Li Zhi sent two imperial doctors to Yuhua Temple to treat Master Xuanzang. Before entering the gate, he heard the sadness of the temple. The two men stamped their feet and cried, regretting being late.
When the bad news reached Chang 'an, Tang Gaozong Li Zhi was so sad that he repeatedly said, "I lost my national treasure! I lost my national treasure! " My voice did not fall, and tears poured down my face.
With regret, Li Zhi wrote a letter and buried Master Xuanzang. It is paid by the state. The scriptures translated by the mage are copied by the court; The unfinished part should be kept by Jionji without any loss.
Soon, Wukong and others obeyed orders, dressed as jade with thick bamboo mats, and transported Xuanzang's coffin () back to Chang 'an and placed it in the auspicious tower. Hundreds of disciples paved the road, wailing and crying, and their sorrows were earth-shattering.
On April 14, Master Xuanzang was buried in Bailuyuan, East Chang 'an. On that day, monks and nuns from all walks of life in the capital joined the funeral procession, with white buildings with plain faces and arms facing the sky. In the counties within 500 miles around Chang 'an and Fiona Fang, more than one million people sent off along the way.
That night, more than 30,000 people dressed in soap and plain clothes volunteered to hold a wake at the building next to Master Xuanzang's tomb. At night, Wukong walked slowly on the White Deer Plain, only to see candlelight, as vast as the sea, shining with the stars in the sky. Walking all the way, I suddenly saw an ascetic jiā, sitting cross-legged, with his instep on his thigh, behind Master's grave (zhǒnɡ). When I was sitting, I didn't set up a tent to shelter from the wind and rain like others, and I didn't even have a straw mat under me. In the cold wind of this spring night, I sat motionless on the cold land. When Wukong came closer, he saw that the man was expressionless and haggard (π m: o), and his pupils were as fixed as woodcuts. Wukong suddenly felt that he looked familiar, thought about it, and finally didn't bother him.
In April of the second year of Tang Gaozong (AD 669), Li Zhi moved the ashes of Xuanzang to Beiyuan, Fan Chuan (now southwest of Shaanxi), where he built a tower and temple as a memorial. The stupa buried by Xuanzang is a five-story and five-eaves frame structure, which is conical from bottom to top and magnificent. Later, Tang Suzong and Hengli wrote the word "Xing Jiao" at the top of the pagoda to show their respect for this great Buddhist master.
Wu Cheng'en, a novelist in the Ming Dynasty, processed the myths and legends about Xuanzang's journey to the West into a complete novel. In the novel of Journey to the West, for artistic needs, Xuanzang gave the protagonist to his apprentice the Monkey King. But this great and immortal masterpiece is still based on the legend of Xuanzang's learning from the scriptures, and regards the goal of learning from the scriptures as a bright and just cause in the book.