1. Classical Chinese texts with "inscription" and "shuo" in their titles in ancient times
1. "Inscription on the Humble Room"
"Inscription on the Humble Room" was written by a poet of the Tang Dynasty A parallel-style inscription created by Liu Yuxi to express one's ambitions. The full text is only eighty-one words long. The author uses the praise of the humble house to express his noble aspirations, contentment in poverty and happiness, and his interest in not collaborating with the world.
The article has a clear hierarchy. It starts with the landscape and points out the main theme of "this is a humble house, but I am virtuous and kind". Then, it starts from the outdoor scenery, indoor people and things in the room, exaggerating that the humble house is not humble. It brings out the elegance of the poem, cites the residences of ancient heroes, and the words of ancient saints strengthen the meaning of the text. It ends with a rhetorical question and has a long aftertaste.
2. "Liu Zihou's Epitaph"
"Liu Zihou's Epitaph" is an epitaph created by the Tang Dynasty writer Han Yu for his late friend Liu Zongyuan. This epitaph tells about Liu Zongyuan's family background, personality, political achievements, etc., including lineage, burial, heirs and other content that an epitaph should contain.
Through a comprehensive overview of Liu Zongyuan’s life story, the author highly praises Liu Zongyuan’s writing knowledge, political ability and moral character, and expresses his appreciation for Liu Zongyuan’s exclusion, long-term demotion, and poverty. He expressed deep sympathy for his experience and spoke highly of Liu Zongyuan's life.
3. "Love of Lotus"
"Love of Lotus" is a prose written by Zhou Dunyi, a Neo-Confucian in the Northern Song Dynasty. This article praises the steadfast character of the lotus through the description of the image and quality of the lotus, thereby also showing the author's noble personality and generous mind that is pure and self-respecting.
4. "The Snake Catcher's Story"
"The Snake Catcher's Story" comes from the famous prose by Liu Zongyuan, a litterateur in the Tang Dynasty. The text captures the connection between snake venom and the poison of harsh government, and cleverly uses contrast to set off the poison of taxation through the snake catcher and the poison of the snake, highlighting the darkness of society. The article is sharp and full of sentiment, making it a masterpiece of prose. It has been widely praised for thousands of years. This article is included in the first volume of the ninth grade Chinese version and the first volume of the ninth grade Jiangsu Education Edition.
5. "The Master's Theory"
"The Master's Theory" is an argumentative essay written by Han Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty. The article explains the principle of studying from a teacher, satirizes the worldly situation of being ashamed of fortune-tellers, educates young people, and plays a role in changing the atmosphere.
The article lists positive and negative examples, compares them layer by layer, and demonstrates repeatedly, discusses the necessity and principles of learning from teachers, criticizes the bad habit of "stigmatizing learning from teachers" in society at that time, and shows extraordinary courage. and fighting spirit, and also shows the author's spirit of expressing his own opinions regardless of the secular world. Although the full text is not long, it has profound meaning, clear arguments, rigorous structure, thorough reasoning, and strong persuasiveness and appeal.
2. "Motto" in classical Chinese
"Motto" Han Cuiyuan's original text: There is no shortcoming of Taoist people, and no one can express the strengths of oneself. Be careful not to remember when giving to others, and be careful not to forget when receiving benefits. World reputation is not enough to be admired, only benevolence For the sake of discipline, if you hide your mind and then act, what harm will it do if you slander and criticize mediocrity? Don't make your name exaggerate, and keep the holy place of fools. In nirvana, the nobleness is not hidden, and the warmth contains light. For those who are born with weakness, Lao's command is to be strong. If you do bad ambitions, it is difficult to measure them. Be careful in your words and diet. Being content is better than being unlucky. Practice persistently, and you will be fragrant for a long time. Translation: Don't dwell on other people's shortcomings, and don't boast about your own strengths. Don't think twice about giving favors to others, and don't forget to accept favors from others. The world's praise is not worth mentioning. To be enviable, you only need to regard benevolence as the guideline for your actions. Examine whether your heart is in line with benevolence and then act. What harm will other people's slanderous comments do to you? Don't make your reputation exceed reality. Staying foolish is appreciated by saints. White quality, which does not change color even if it is stained by black, is precious. It is dull on the surface, but the inner things contain light. .Lao Tzu once warned: Weakness is a sign of vitality, while strength is close to death. A mediocre person has strong ambitions, and his disaster will be more serious as time goes by. A gentleman should be cautious in his words, eat sparingly, and be content without being humiliated. Therefore It can remove bad luck. If you practice it for a long time, over time, it will be fragrant. Note: Cui Yuan, a calligrapher of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was very ambitious when he was young. When his brother was killed, he killed his enemy in anger and fled alone for several years. Later, the imperial court granted amnesty and returned to his hometown. Cui Yuan knew that he had suffered a lot due to his recklessness, so he made an inscription (a type of literary style) and placed it on the right side of his seat to warn himself. The form of a motto is generally a motto. It includes three forms: ①Self-titled; ②Transcribed classic remarks or famous mottos; ③Invited people to write mottos. The mottos are usually placed in places where people can see them to remind themselves at all times. The more common ones are either posted on a conspicuous wall in the house or Written on the title page of the notebook, some are posted on the table. 3. The meaning of inscriptions in classical Chinese
A literary style, míng
"Inscriptions" are engraved on objects in ancient times (mostly seen on bronzes, tombstones, stones and other carriers) to The words "warning oneself" or "merits" later became a literary style. This style of writing generally uses rhyme, and the content is mostly short, especially the inscriptions engraved on utensils as warnings. The inscriptions often rise from trivial matters in life to a philosophical understanding of life. They are concise and comprehensive, and are both elegant and popular. The text is short and concise but well-conceived, the content is simple but the meaning is profound, the form is lively and easy to recite and remember. It has great enlightenment for us to observe, think about and express life. It is worth reading and pondering again and again. Inscriptions are not only the content of the study of ancient characters; they also have very important historical material value and are of great significance to historical research. They mostly record the merits and demerits of the monarchs at that time and aspects of society at that time, such as transactions, laws, sacrifices, etc.
Cast , engraved or written on an object to describe one's life, deeds or to warn oneself: inscription. inscription. Mingzhi. epitaph. motto.
Engraving words on utensils means remembering and never forgetting: remember. Unforgettable. Unforgettable. Keep it in mind (Yu Yongji).
A style of writing gradually formed in ancient China that was used for inscriptions. For example, "Wen Xin Diao Long" has an "Inscription" chapter. 4. Ming He's article
Ming from a Poor Countryside
If there are not many stars, it will be bright late at night. The trees are no longer tall, but they are green when spring comes. This is a poor country, but I am happy. The clouds lean against the clear blue sky, and the eyes blend into the tranquility of the fields. The light rain is dust-free, and the gentle breeze is refreshing. Sometimes I hear birds and warblers and enjoy the chirping of insects. No neon lights to clutter your eyes, no sirens to disturb your mind. Shigatse in the southwest and Xing'an Mountains in the northeast. People in the city said: "How can we be so poor?
Inscription of an old man
If you are not young, just be healthy. If you do not have many children, filial piety comes first. This is a living room filled with poetry, painting, calligraphy and music. The sunset is infinitely beautiful, and the glow warms people's hearts. I can do all kinds of things, water the flowers, and relax my mind. No one else sighs, but I smile. Yun: The childlike innocence is still there.
Family Motto
The room is not large, but it can be accommodated. There are not many people, but it is lively. Although the home is simple, it is very warm. , books enter the eyes. Listen to a pop song, watch a good movie. You can chat and talk about your heart. There is no pain and sorrow, only joy and happiness every day.
Everyone said: Happy Family Cloud: Mixed Diploma 5. The classical Chinese text of "Bao Xi's King of the World" What I want is the first text in the university's "Ancient Chinese"
The ancient Pao Xi's King of the World That is, when you look up, you observe the images in the sky, when you look down, you observe the Dharma on the earth, and observe the patterns of birds and beasts in harmony with the earth. You can take objects near and objects far away. So you started to make the Eight Trigrams of Yi to hang down the images of the constitution. And the Shennong family , tied ropes to govern and unify their affairs. The common people's industry became complicated, and false decorations emerged. Cangjie, the historian of the Yellow Emperor, saw the traces of the hooves of birds and beasts, and knew that the principles could be differentiated. He first made a written contract. Hundreds of craftsmen used Yi. , inspect all the items, and pick up all the merits. "The merits are promoted in the king's court." The words are preached and made clear in the king's court. "A gentleman is a person who gives money and wealth to his subordinates, and who lives in virtue will (clearly) avoid taboos." When Cangjie first wrote calligraphy, his writing was based on pictograms, so it was called Wen. Later, the shape and sound complemented each other, which is called Zi. Wen is the basis of physical images; characters are the words that breed breasts and soak in many. When written on bamboo and silk, it is called Zi. The book. The book is like this. Up to the time of the Five Emperors and Three Kings, they have changed their styles and been granted the title of Mount Tai. There are seventy and two generations, but they are all the same. Zhou Rituals: Entering primary school at the age of eight, Bao Shi teaches the country's son, first Take the six books. The first is to refer to things. Those who refer to things can be recognized by looking at them, and the meaning can be seen by looking at them. This is also called "upper and lower". The second is called pictograms. Pictograms are drawn into objects and can be interrogated according to the body. ", month" is also the case. The third is the phonetic form. The phonetic person is named after the thing, and the example is used to complement each other. "Jiang, He" is also the same. The fourth is the understanding. The understanding is the analogy and friendship, so as to see the meaning, "Wu, "Trust" is the same. The fifth is "transfer". Those who transfer the "note" build a similar poem and agree to accept each other. "Kao, Lao" is the same. The sixth is "pretend". Those who borrow "pretend" have nothing to do. They rely on the voice to entrust things, "Ling, Chang" This is also true. As for Xuanwang Taishi Cheng, he wrote fifteen large seal scripts, which may be different from ancient texts. Confucius wrote the Six Classics, Zuo Qiu Ming wrote the Spring and Autumn Annals, all of which were written in ancient texts, and the meaning can be understood. After that, the princes were in power and were not unified. The king, who harmed himself by violating rituals and music, discarded all the classics. He was divided into seven kingdoms, with different fields, different tracks, different laws, different laws, different clothes, different voices, and different characters. At the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, the first emperor of Qin took over the world. , Prime Minister Li Si Nai played the same tune, and dismissed those who did not agree with the Qin Dynasty. Si wrote the Cangjie chapter. Zhongche Mansion ordered Zhao Gao to write the Yuanli chapter. The great historian ordered Hu Wujing to write the Erudite chapter. All of them were based on the seal script of Shi Zang, or some changes were made in some provinces. , the so-called small seal script. At this time, Qin destroyed books and purged old scriptures. It promoted officials and soldiers, and established garrison services. The official and prison duties were complicated. At the beginning, there were official scripts, which were used to make changes based on interest, and ancient prose was extinct from this. Since the Qin Dynasty, There are eight types of books: the first is the large seal script, the second is the small seal script, the third is the carved talisman, the fourth is the insect script, the fifth is the copy seal, the sixth is the signature script, the seventh is the Shu script, and the eighth is the official script. In the Han Dynasty, there was cursive script. Weilu: The examination was started when the schoolchildren were seventeen years old or above. The nine thousand-word Ji Zhen book was passed as a history. The examination was also conducted in eight forms. The county moved to Taishi and taught it together. The most popular one was regarded as the history of Shangshu. If the book is not correct, it is often impeached. Although today There are Wei rules, no classes, no primary school studies, Mo Daqi has said it for a long time. When Emperor Xiaoxuan was emperor, he summoned Cangjie readers, Zhang Chang accepted it. Liangzhou governor Du Ye, Pei Ren Yuan Li, gave lectures to Qin Jin, an eminent scholar. It can also be said. During the reign of Emperor Xiaoping, he recruited more than a hundred people, including Li, and ordered Shuo Li to be written in the central court, and Li was regarded as a primary school scholar. Yang Xiong, the minister of Huangmen, adopted it for training and compilation. Fan Cangjie has the following fourteen chapters, All five thousand three hundred and forty words were recorded in a group of books, and a few of them have been preserved. They were photographed in the new residence after their death, and the great Sikong Zhenfeng and others thought they should make them, and quite modified the ancient texts. There were six books at that time: one is: The ancient text is the book written by Confucius on the wall. The second is the strange characters, which is the official script of the Qin Dynasty. It was written by Cheng Miao, a native of Du, who was envoyed by the first emperor of Qin. The fifth is Muzhuan, so it is a copy of the seal. The sixth is the bird and insect script, so it is a letter on the wall. The author of the book is that the King of Lu destroyed Confucius' house and obtained the Book of Rites, Shangshu, Spring and Autumn, Analects of Confucius, and Classic of Filial Piety. Zhang Cang, the Marquis of Beiping, also presented the Chunqiu Zuo family biography. Prefectures and counties also often obtained Dingyi in the mountains and rivers, and their inscriptions were those of the previous dynasty. The ancient texts are all similar to each other. Although they are rarely seen again, the details can be briefly described. However, most people in the world are not fools. They think they are curious, so they deliberately correct the text and create unknown books on the wall of the countryside, causing chaos. He often practices and shines in the world. Various students competed to explain the characters and interpret the scriptures. They called the official script of Qin the Cangjie Shishu, saying: "It has been passed down from father to son, so why should it be changed!" "Nai Wei said: "The horse-headed person is the leader, and the person holding ten is used to fight, and the insect is bent in the middle." Tingwei said that the law is divided into words: "A harsh person receives money, and the word harsh is used to stop the sentence." If this is the case. There are so many of them, but they all do not conform to the ancient Chinese writings of Confucius and are erroneous to the historical records. They are vulgar and vulgar, and they are accustomed to what they have learned and obscured what they want to hear. They have no general knowledge and have not seen the rules of calligraphy. It is strange that the old people are good at wild words, so they use it. It is known that it is a secret, and it is necessary to study the subtleties of the Dongsheng. Also see the "young son inherits the imperial edict" in the Cangjie chapter, because it says: "It is written by the ancient emperor, and his words have the skills of gods." He is mistaken and does not teach, how can he Not inconsistent! The book said: "I want to observe the images of the ancients." He said that he must follow the revision of the old text and cut it out. Confucius said: "I am still as good as the ancient text in history, but now it is dead." It is not because he didn't know and didn't ask. People use their own selfish interests, have no right and wrong, and cleverly speak evil words, which makes the world's scholars doubtful. Those who cover the text are the foundation of the classics and the beginning of the king's government. The predecessors have said
After that, later generations know the ancients. Therefore, it is said: "The original establishment is the birth of the Tao." Knowing that the world is the most profound, it should not be messed up. Today's description of seal script is combined with the ancient ones. It can be learned widely and understand people. As for the small and large, it has faith. Evidence, and compile his theory. Group rationale, explain fallacies, understand scholars, and achieve spiritual truth. Different tribes live in different places, and they are not mixed with each other. Metaphor. They are called Yi Mengshi, Shu Kongshi, Shi Maoshi, Li Zhouguan, Chunqiu Zuoshi, The Analects of Confucius, and Xiaojing, all of which are ancient texts. They are unknown to others, and they are like Gai Que Ruye. The full text was translated in ancient times, and Fu The Xi family governed the world. He looked up at the sky, looked down at the geography, observed the images of birds and beasts, and the texture of the earth. He drew what was close to himself and what was far away to other objects. On this basis, he created the "Yi" and "Yi". Bagua, using hexagrams to show good or bad luck to people. In the era of Shennong, the method of knotting knots to record events was used to govern the society and manage the affairs at that time. The number of industries and chores in society became more and more numerous, and cover-ups and forgeries also occurred. (By the time of the Yellow Emperor, During the era, Cangjie, the historian of the Yellow Emperor, saw the footprints of birds and animals, and realized that the textures were different and birds and animals could be distinguished, so he began to create characters. (After characters were used in society,) all industries were determined and all kinds of things were clear. Cangjie created characters. The original meaning is probably taken from the "Gua Gua". The "Gua Gua" says that ministers should assist the king so that the king's government can run smoothly. This means that Cangjie created writing to promote teachings and promote style, which is helpful to the king's governance. King The use of writing tools makes it easier to bestow favors on subjects, and subjects should be virtuous and must not rely on their ability to write to gain honors. When Cangjie first created writing, he drew shapes according to the categories of objects, so it was called "wen" , and then created combined ideographic characters and pictophonetic characters to expand the number of characters. These characters are called "zi". Calling it "zi" means that it comes from the proliferation of "wen", which increases the number of characters. Writing words on bamboo slips and silk is called "book". "Book" means writing something like it actually happened. (Writing) has gone through a long period of "Five Emperors" and "Three Kings", and some have changed the strokes: some The alien body was created.