Lobbyists in the Warring States Period. One is Qing Yu and Light Dance. Yu's name is gone Zhao, who is good at lobbying, was appointed as Shangqing and posthumous title Yuqing because he became king. Advocate Zhao as the mainstay and unite against Qin. Before the battle of Changping, it was suggested to unite Chu and Wei and force Qin to make peace. Since the settlement of the siege of Handan, the prince of Zhao intends to cut six cities for peace, but he strongly opposes it. After leaving Zhao for Wei, he wrote a book that he was not satisfied with. According to historical records, he adopted Chunqiu from top to bottom, viewed modern times from bottom to top, and wrote eight articles, such as Jieyi, Tian, Deep Thinking and Policy, satirizing the gains and losses of the country, which is called Yu Chunqiu in history. There are fifteen pieces of Yu Chunqiu in Hanshu. There is a collection of Qing Ma Guohan today.
Yu (AD 28 1-356) was born in Yuyao, Huiji (now Yuyao, Zhejiang), an astronomer in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the successor and developer of Michelle Ye's theory.
Study hard, drill hard and study hard.
Yu was born in the second year of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 28 1 year) into an official family of Sun Wu who had just perished. Father Yucha is a general of Sun Wu's conquest. Yu Fan is a famous scholar in Wu State, who is good at teaching Yi, Lao Zi, The Analects of Confucius and Mandarin. Song Yu, the ancestor of this family, was a captain and a satrap of Hejian in the kingdom of Wu. After entering Jin, he was a relative of Hejian, and he wrote "On the Big Dome". My younger brother, when he proclaimed himself emperor in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (326-342 AD), Kangdi (343-344 AD) and (reigned in 345-36 1 year), wrote books and said that he had been riding outside for a long time, and he became the marquis of Kangxian in Jueping. He has a good history and is the author of Jin Dynasty.
Because of his knowledge and age, he enjoyed a high reputation when he was young and was praised by people. The Western Jin Emperor (307-3 13 reigned) summoned him to his official position, but he insisted. During the first year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 3 17-323), Zhuge Hui was appointed as the prefect of Huiji and forced to serve as his gongcao, which greatly stimulated him and made him determined not to be an official for life. East Jin Mingdi (reigned in 323-326 AD) and Chengdi Imperial Capital repeatedly asked him to be an official, but they were all rejected. When he became emperor, He Chong, the internal envoy, praised him as "well-read, thorough in research and diligent", while Cheng Di wrote a letter to reward him for "keeping the Tao pure, being indifferent to the world, being diligent in learning, and learning from the ancients". It can be seen that living in poverty and happiness, he only studied hard all his life.
Make "On An Tian"
Yu also has a lot of research on the theory of the universe. He analyzed and compared the theory of Gaitian, Zhang Heng's theory of Huntian and Meng's theory since the Han Dynasty, and thought that Gaitian said that "the sky is like a hat and the earth is like an upside-down dish" is too rough. Huntian said, "Huntian is like a chicken, the celestial body is round like a projectile, and Rehmannia glutinosa is like a chicken, living alone. There are big and small, there is water in the sky. The sky is covered with land, and the shell is still yellow. Heaven and earth stand idly by and drift with the water. " The whole universe is like an egg, and the earth is like yellow in an egg. The sky is very small. There is water on the surface and inside of the sky. The relationship between heaven and earth is just like eggshells and egg yolks. Heaven and earth are all composed of qi, and they are all floating on water. Although it is advanced than Gaitian, it is still not the best; So in the reign of Xiankang (about 340 AD), he wrote "On An Tian".
Yu said: "The height of the sky is infinite, and the depth of the earth is unpredictable. The sky is indeed in the sky, with the shape of constant protection; There is a quiet body in the earth. When overlapping, the square is square and the circle is round; There is no different meaning in Fiona Fang. It is colorful and runs independently. There are tides in the rivers and seas, and there are no surprises. " The universe is boundless, but it is also relatively stable; There is no square wood in heaven and earth; All celestial bodies have their own cycles of motion, running in their own orbits and not attached to a fixed spherical shell. )
"Jin Shu Tian Wenzhi" said: "I wrote" On An Tian "because there is a saying of" announcing the night. " Indeed, Yu's On An Tian not only denies the theory that the sky is round, but also criticizes the theory that the celestial sphere has a solid shell. He believed that the universe was infinite, and inherited and developed this theory, which played an important role in the history of astronomy. Dr Joseph Needham, a famous British scientist who studies the history of Chinese science, commented on Michelle Ye's Theory: "This is an enlightened progress in the world outlook, not inferior to any Greek statement."
Discover "precession"
I didn't want to be an official, so he taught himself at home. He "interprets Mao Shilue and notes the Book of Filial Piety as Zhi Lin's Thirty Articles", mainly focusing on the interpretation and annotation of classic works. However, from the ancient historical records, he found that the ancient calendar was originally used in the Han Dynasty, starting from the early morning of the morning glory in winter solstice, and the taichu calendar method was formulated according to the actual measurement, taking the satellite near the central place where the morning glory stayed in the west as the winter solstice. However, the ancient astronomers in China recorded the movement of the winter solstice, and did not distinguish between "Sunday" (the year of siderophore) and "one year old" (the year of tropic).
In fact, due to the gravitational influence of the moon, the sun and the planets, the rotation axis of the elliptical earth protruding from the equator moves slowly around the Yellow River, and the corresponding Yellow River regulation channel retreats westward at the rate of 50.24 minutes per year, which is 65,438+0 degrees in 765,438+0 years and moves once in about 26,000 years.
Although he didn't know and couldn't know the above truth at that time, he came to the conclusion that the sun is not one year old on the solstice in winter, or every day is its own day, and every year is its own year. One-year-old winter solstice is slightly shorter than a day in the sun. It was named "precession" and the difference between tropic year and sidereal year was discovered.
Furthermore, according to Yao Dian, it was recorded that "winter is short and the stars are long", but at that time it was measured that winter was on the "east wall", that is, the wall stayed at nine degrees. From the Pleiades to the Pleiades with belly 14 degrees, floor 12 degrees, Wei Xiao 16 degrees and wall of 9 degrees, there was a total retrogression of more than 50 degrees. In the estimated era, it was "separated by more than 2700 years", from which the age difference was about "once every 50 years".
The discovery of precession is a great event in the history of astronomy in China. Although the precession was found later than the Iba Valley in ancient Greece, it was more accurate than the difference every hundred years in Iba Valley. Moreover, since Zu Chongzhi introduced the precession into the Ming calendar in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the precession of Sui, Liu's mourning calendar, Song, Yang Zhongfu's tongtian calendar, Yuan and Guo Shoujing's punctuality calendar has become more and more accurate. At that time, in Europe, historians were still in a rut, using once-in-a-century difference data. Compared with each other, it pales in comparison.
Yu Ziqi: He is a brave general under Xiang Yu. He is also known as the five generals of Chu Army with Lu Bu, Zhong Limei, Ying Bu and Long Qie. Its relationship with Yu Ji's brother and sister. After Xiang Yu was defeated, he followed him to the end.
Concubine: (? —202 BC), born at the end of Qin Dynasty, was named in Yanji Township, Shuyang County. Aiji is Xiang Yu, the overlord of the Western Chu State. According to historical records, Yu Ji is a woman with both talents and looks. Yu Ji is not only beautiful, but also cute in dancing, and her sword is as light as water.
Yu Jin: historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wuping. As a county magistrate. He once said, "Why are my children and grandchildren not so light?" So he named his grandson "Shengqing".
Yu Fan: During the Three Kingdoms period, there was a Wu Xueshi who loved reading since childhood and was brilliant, but he was repeatedly asked to be an official and was rejected. He also likes to talk about political affairs in public, so he has been in prison. When I was old, I gave lectures to hundreds of people.
Yu Ji: Yuan Dynasty literati, Chongren and Renzong wrote for Jixian County. He is the author of Shi Jing Grand Ceremony and Tong Yuan Xue Lu Gu.
Yu Lang: A female painter in Qing Dynasty, a native of Jintan. History of women's curling. I like painting Chinese cymbidium, and my works include Small Shadow of Peach Blossom Garden.
Yu Qing: During the Warring States Period, Zhao Shangqing lobbied Zhao Chengxiao to become king. When he first met Wang Zhao, he gave him some gold and a pair of white jade. The second time I met Wang Zhao, I worshipped him as Zhao Shangqing and named him Yu Qing. Because of commenting on the gains and losses of the country, he accumulated eight articles, which are collectively called Yu Chunqiu.
Yu Shiqi (? -6 18)
Calligraphers and writers in Sui Dynasty. Shi Mao, the representative work, was born in Yuyao (now Zhenming Hechang, Guanhaiwei, Cixi City). Chen Shi, king of Ren Jianan, once served as a military attache in Cao Can, and successively served as a doctor in the ancestral temple, a doctor in Cao, a prince, and a historical Zuo Cheng. When Chen disappeared in the Sui Dynasty, he was poor and had no property, and every servant supported his relatives. When Yang-ti was appointed assistant minister of civil history, he was in charge of secrets and state affairs. And Dr. Jin Guanglu. In the chaos at the end of Sui Dynasty, Shijie only promised to accept the facts. He also indulged his wife and children in prostitution and sold the prison to officials, so he was ridiculed at that time. Later, the thief Yu Wenhuaji was killed in Jiangdu. Volume 83 of Northern History and Volume 67 of Sui Shu all say that they are "well-read and versatile, and they are good at being Cao Li".
Yu Shinan: The word Bo Shi. Yuyao people in Tang Dynasty, Langzhong in Sui Dynasty and secretary supervisor in Tang Dynasty were all counselors and calligraphy teachers. When they were young, they studied with Gu with their brother Shi Jie. Emperor Taizong once praised him: "excellent morality, loyalty, erudition and writing." Good at calligraphy, learning from shaman. Heavy cursive script, specializing in block letters in his later years, such as Ou Yangxun. Together, it is called "encounter". Zhenguan died in the twelfth year at the age of 80. Bei Tang Historical Banknotes 173.
Yu: Zi was born in the Southern Song Dynasty. Shaoxing has been a scholar for 22 years and has made great contributions to the country. Successive China scholars, straight bachelor's college, prime minister. He cared about state affairs and often made useful suggestions. He was 64 years old.
Yu: Prime Minister of Jin Dynasty. Word quality husband, Ningyuan people, Jinshi. Good painting is an honest official.
Yu: Poet of Qing Dynasty. The word Jingming comes from Qiantang. Kangxi juren. Smart since childhood, he was able to write poetry at the age of ten, and he has been famous for his poetry since then. It is one of the ten sons of Xiling.