Du Fu
Wang Yue
What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is!
Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen.
The creator endowed all the mysterious nature here with elegance,
And then what? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. ..
Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy,
Birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes ..
Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see,
All the other mountains are dwarfed under the sky. ..
Climbing Yueyang Tower
I've always heard that Dongting Lake,
Now I finally climbed the tower.
My east is Wu, and my south is Chu.
I can see the endless floating of heaven and earth.
But my relatives and friends didn't give me news,
I am old and sick, and I am alone with my boat.
There are wars and mountains to the north of this wall.
How can I not cry by the railing? .
Looking for flowers by the river alone
Huang Si's maiden is full of flowers,
Thousands of flowers bent the branches.
Butterflies have been dancing,
Charming songbirds sing freely.
Jueju
Two orioles sing green willows,
A line of egrets rose into the sky.
The window contains autumn snow in Xiling,
Mambo Wu Dong Wan Li Ship.
Never dive.
Spring boat on Lake Ruoya.
Deliberate euphoria has no end,
No matter what happens, I will bear it.
Me and my boat, before the night breeze,
Pass by flowers and enter the lake.
Turn to the western valley at dusk,
I was there looking at Nanxing on the other side of the mountain.
The mist rose and circled softly,
The low moon slanted through the Woods.
I choose to put aside all worldly things,
But he became an old man with a fishing rod. ..
Wang Wei
clear stream
I have sailed the Huanghua River,
It is carried by the river of a green stream.
10 thousand laps around the mountain,
On a journey of less than thirty miles.
The rapids buzzed on the piled rocks,
But in the dense pine forest, the light becomes dim.
The surface of the inlet swings with the angle of the nut,
Weeds are overgrown on the river bank.
Deep down, I've always been pure,
Like this clear water.
Oh, stay on the wide, flat rock,
Drop the fishing line forever! .
Zhong Nanshan
Its huge height is close to the city of heaven,
Connect Qian Shan Wanshui to a corner of the sea.
When I look back, the clouds are behind me.
They disappeared when I walked into the fog.
A central peak divides the wilderness,
Weathered into many valleys.
Need a place to spend the night,
I called the woodcutter on the river.
meng haoran
In autumn, Wanshan sends Zhang Wu.
On the north peak in the white clouds,
You have found your quiet place.
Now, when I climbed this mountain to see you,
My heart flies high with the geese.
A quiet evening may seem a little sad,
If the weather is not so cool and sunny this autumn.
I looked at the river bank and the villagers who went home.
Pindusa, rest your head.
There are trees on the horizon, like a row of grass.
There is an island like the moon on the edge of the river.
I hope you can come to see me and bring a basket of wine.
* * * Drunk Double Ninth Festival.
Message from Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang.
In the eighth month, the lake here,
Be with heaven.
Mist in the Valley of Cloud and the Valley of Meng,
Yueyang city has been surrounded.
I want to go there, but I can't find the boat.
I'm ashamed. I'm lazier than you politicians.
When I'm sitting here watching a fisherman throw,
Like fish in a pond.
From a berth in Tonglu to a friend in Yangzhou.
You listen to the worries of apes,
The river runs in the dark.
The wind blows through the leaves on both sides,
The moon crosses my lonely sail.
I, a stranger in this inland area,
I miss my friends in Yangzhou.
Two long tears flowed eastward,
To find the place closest to the sea.
Changjian
Buddhist retreat after the broken mountain temple.
On a sunny morning, near the ancient temple,
The morning sun shines on the treetops.
The bamboo path there leads to the seclusion,
Branches and flowers to a Buddhist retreat.
Here, the mountain light shines on the birds,
The human mind touches peace in the pool.
A thousand voices have disappeared,
But the clock struck.
Wang Zhihuan
At Helen's cabin.
The mountains covered the white sun,
The ocean drained the golden river.
But you expanded your horizons by 300 miles,
Walk up a flight of stairs.
Liangzhou Song
The Yellow River is far above the white clouds.
Wan Ren is an isolated city.
Why should a strong brother complain about Liu?
The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass.
Bo Wang
Tengwangge's poems
Wang Teng sings the praises of Linjiang Pearl,
Yu Pei sings and dances.
Draw a building facing Nanpu Cloud,
At dusk, the bead curtain rolled up the rain in the western hills.
Clouds and pools are shadows,
Things have changed for years.
Where is the emperor in the cabinet today?
Outside the threshold, the Yangtze River flows by itself.
Lipper
Climb the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing.
Phoenix once performed here, so this place is named after them.
Now abandon it in this desolate river.
The path of Wu Palace was twisted and twisted by weeds.
Gold's clothes are ancient dust.
Three and a half mountains fall out of the sky,
Bailuzhou is divided into one water.
It's always because clouds can cover the sun,
Hide his city from my melancholy heart.
Baidi City was released in advance.
Say goodbye to Bai Di,
Thousands of miles in Jiangling, one day.
Apes on both sides of the Taiwan Strait kept crying.
The canoe has crossed Chung Shan Man.
Look at Lushan Waterfall
Rizhao incense burner produces purple smoke,
Looking at the waterfall hanging in front of Sichuan.
Flying down from 3,000 feet,
Winning is the Milky Way that has fallen for nine days.
Wangtianmen mountain
Tianmen interrupted the opening of the Chu River,
Higashi Shimizu flow by this time.
Green hills on both sides of the strait are opposite.
Lonely sails come from the sun.
Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou from Yellow Crane Tower.
My old friend resigned from the Yellow Crane Tower,
Fireworks fell in Yangzhou in March.
Lonely sails, distant shadows, blue sky,
Only the Yangtze River flows in the sky.
Cui Hao
Yellow Crane Tower
A long time ago, a yellow crane carried a saint to heaven.
Now only the Yellow Crane Tower is left.
The yellow crane never returned to the earth,
Baiyun will always fly without him.
Every tree in Hanyang becomes clear in the water.
Parrot Island is a nest of sweet grass.
But I looked home, and the twilight was getting thicker.
The river is shrouded in mist, which brings people deep melancholy.
Bai Juyi
Spring outing in Qiantang River
Gushan Temple is north of Jiating West.
Low water level and low cloud feet.
Several early songbirds compete for warm trees,
Whose new swallow pecks at spring mud.
Flowers are becoming more and more charming,
Only shallow grass can have no horseshoe.
The lack of eastbound love for the lake,
Qingyang White Sand Embankment in under the greenwood tree.
Mujiangsong
The sun sets,
Half the river rustles and half the river is red.
Poor night of September 3rd,
Dewdrops are like pearls, and the moon is like a bow.
Ji Zhang
A night berth near Fengqiao.
Frosty night,
Jiang Feng sleeps in the fire.
Hanshan Temple outside Gusu,
The midnight bell arrived at the passenger ship.
Liu Yuxi
ancient folk songs of four seven-character lines with love or local topics as their theme
Willow and green Jiang Shuiping,
Smell the songs on the Langjiang River.
Sunrise in the east and rain in the west,
Tao is heartless and sunny.
Du Mu
Jiangnan spring
Thousands of warblers sing green and reflect red,
Flag wind of Shuicunshan fruit wine.
480 temples in the Southern Dynasties,
How many towers of smoke and rain
Mountain travel
The stone road winds to the cliff in the distance.
Where there are some white clouds, you can see some households.
I stopped the carriage and was fascinated by Fenglin.
The frosty autumn leaves are redder than the flowers in February.
Zhang Hu
At Nanjing Ferry.
Jinling Jindu Shuishan Building,
A pedestrian can worry about himself after a night.
When the tide ebbs at night and the river leans against the moon,
Two or three fires belong to Guazhou.
When Wang Wei lived in seclusion in Wangchuan, he wrote many beautiful landscape poems. He wrote "Wangchuan Collection" by himself, including 20 five-character quatrains that he and his friend Pei Di sang to each other. The main content is to describe the scenery near Wangchuan and express the interest of seclusion. Look at Wu Xinyi first:
The branches of the topmost hibiscus flowers are full of scarlet calyx in the mountains.
The mouth of a stream is silent, without a trace. They open and fall.
In the silent mountain stream, magnolia blooms and falls, surviving and dying. It's not fake, it has nothing to do with the world, and no one knows. This is a world far away from the hubbub, and it is also the unique artistic conception of the poet Wang Wei's integration of subject and object, which is simply the symbolic realm of Buddhism's view of emptiness. Therefore, Hu Yinglin, a literary critic in the Ming Dynasty, said that this poem was a work of Zen. "I have forgotten my life experience, and all my thoughts are silent." The artistic conception created by Wang Wei here, born out of the image, is a combination of poetic realm and Zen realm, with profound meaning and strong artistic appeal. This artistic achievement can not but be said to be beneficial to his study of Buddhism and the edification of Buddhist thinking mode.
Wang Wei was called "Shi Fo" by later generations. He believed in Buddhism in his early years. Mother Cui Shi has been practicing meditation for more than 30 years. Wang Wei and his younger brother, Wang Jin, "both worship Buddhism and live on vegetables, so it is better to eat meat and blood" (Biography of Wang Wei in Old Tang Dynasty). When Wang Wei was 3 1 year old, his wife died and he no longer married. He lives alone in a room, and his screen is very tired. "he has no children" ("the list of brothers recommended by the bow"). He also wrote many poems about Buddhism, and he has high attainments in Buddhism.
Among the schools of Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei believed in Zen, and Nanzong Zen was the main one. Nanzong Zen is the product of the combination of Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism in China, and its philosophy of destiny and life provides the latest and most complete way for China literati. However, some practice methods of Nanzong Zen have something in common with China's poetry creation. Yan Yu, a literary critic in the Song Dynasty, said: "Generally speaking, Zen is only in the wonderful understanding, and poetry is also in the wonderful understanding" (Cang Hua). Miao Wu is an insight into Zen, and it can also be expressed as an understanding of art. Both poetry and Zen need a keen inner experience, both emphasize enlightenment and metaphor, and both pursue meaning. When talking about "epiphany", Nanzong Zen often uses the expression of images to convey the law, with special emphasis on the role of intuition, suggestion, induction and association in understanding. Wang Wei came from Zen, and naturally he has a deep understanding of this method of grasping the world. He integrated his understanding of Buddhism into his outlook on life and turned religious feelings into poetic thoughts, creating a poetic artistic conception of "emptiness", "quietness" and "leisure". Zen advocates the beautiful style of mountains and rivers, which has also played a guiding and enlightening role in Wang Wei's conscious approach to mountains and rivers and the exploration of their aesthetic value.
Wang Wei described his inner experience in the poem Zhuliguan:
I leaned alone in the dense bamboo, playing the piano and humming a song.
It's too light for anyone to hear, except my partner, Mingyue.
The poet sat alone in the depths of the bamboo forest, playing the piano and whistling. No one knows his existence, only the bright moon accompanies him. Nature knows his inner loneliness best, and the bright moon brings him a quiet happiness. Things and I are one, things and I forget each other. Zen and poetry are in harmony. Chai Lu is also like this:
No one can be seen in the silent valley, only the voice is heard.
The shadow of the sunset shone into the depths of the forest, and the scenery on the moss was pleasant.
There was no one in the empty mountain, only heard intermittent voices floating from the depths of the forest, and a ray of sunset was transmitted on the moss in the depths of the forest, which was so trance-like and sad. This is the ethereal realm that Wang Wei pursues, far away from the hubbub. Although lonely, it is also meaningful.
In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Yuyang said that Wang Wei's poems were "Zen", and "implicit words were tantamount to the laughter of Buddha and Ye Jia" (Continued from Silkworm Tail). In other words, Wang Wei's landscape poems are full of Zen meaning, Zen music and Zen taste, and convey Zen meaning. Nature fully shows the poet's unique taste in the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers.
Wang Wei doesn't necessarily go to remote places for meditation, but he also sees the vast world and the lively farm life:
After the rain, the new clear sky is particularly open, and the vision is open without any fog and dust. The gatehouse of the outer city is close to the ferry pier, and the trees at the edge of the village connect the stream and the estuary. The silvery white river is shining in the fields, especially bright, and the green mountains stand behind the ridge. It is the busy farming season, there are no idle people, and farmers are busy going to the fields.
-"New Sunshine Wild Hope"
A spring rain washed away the dirt and changed the scene. Busy farming, people and scenery are bathed in fresh air. The phrase "white water" forms a layered picture of close-up and distant view. The water is bright, the mountains are green, and the contrast between light and color is harmonious. On the surface, you can't see the Zen meaning of this poem. In fact, that spring rain was like holy water poured out of a pure Buddhist bottle, which washed everything clean and ethereal. It's just that everything is wonderfully integrated with Zen and poetry, and he doesn't let Zen overwhelm poetry. Of course, what we pay attention to is the kind of praise for farmers' life, and we appreciate the beautiful aura without tirelessly pursuing its Zen philosophy.
Wang Wei is a versatile cultural giant who is good at poetry, music, painting and calligraphy. Su Dongpo, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, said: "There are paintings in Wang Wei's poems; Look at the picture, there are poems in the picture. " (Shu Moran Tian Yan Yu Tu) His words are incisive and to the point. Wang Wei was an accomplished landscape painter in Tang Dynasty. He painted with Xiao Shupu's brushwork of ink and wash, created ink and wash landscapes, and became a family of his own, and was called the founder of landscape painting Nanzong by later generations. His paintings emphasize freehand brushwork, pursue spirit likeness and express subjective feelings. So "draw things, don't ask the four seasons. If you paint flowers, you often take peaches, apricots, hibiscus and lotus flowers as a scene. " "It's hard to ask for shapes and objects." (Shen Kuo quoted Zhang Yanyuan in Mengxi) Therefore, Wang Wei is also known as the originator of China literati's freehand brushwork. Painting can be similar in spirit, so it has the charm and interest of poetry, that is, there is poetry in painting. Staring at the natural landscape with this painting concept is a sigh, and it must have the charm of painting in poetry.
Wang Wei's profound artistic attainments in painting, music and calligraphy enable him to feel and capture the wonderful scenery, magical sound and ever-changing nature more accurately and meticulously than ordinary poets in his poetry creation, and appeal to the pen. I will also use words to set colors and pay attention to the harmony of poetry tones. There are artistic conception of painting, fluency of music and changes of calligraphy in poetry. In this way, his unique poetic artistic style of "painting in poetry" and "hundred warblers, repeated performances by palace merchants" was virtually formed. We should firmly grasp this feature when appreciating his landscape poems.
Wang Wei is good at summarizing magnificent scenery. This kind of poetry is magnificent, with broad artistic conception, simple brushwork, thick lines and changeable angles. Look at Zhong Nanshan:
Its huge height is close to the city of heaven, from the mountain to the corner of the sea. Cloud, when I looked back, it was behind me. I was too young to see anything. The central mountain peaks separate the southwest, and the valleys are different. Want to find a house to live in the mountains, is it convenient for the water guide to ask the woodcutter?
Taiyi Peak is the main peak of Zhong Nanshan Mountain (called Qinling Mountain). Starting from the main peak, the poem dominates the whole mountain and writes the majestic momentum of Mount Zhongnan. The first few sentences are about the majestic Mount Zhongnan, and the last two sentences are about people without mountains, which embodies the grandeur of mountains, just like the contrast between people and mountains in landscape paintings. The phrase "white clouds" is particularly superb. Everyone who has mountain climbing experience will have an immersive feeling when reading this poem. This poem is about climbing a mountain, and the following poem "Looking Down at the Hanshui River" is about water:
Three branches in the south reach Chu territory, and nine branches flow to Jingmen. The river crosses heaven and earth, where the colors of the mountains are yes and no. Human habitation seems to float on the ripples in the distant sky. These beautiful days in Xiangyang have fascinated my old mountain! .
This is a poem describing the scenery of Xiangyang. Write the situation of Chu first, the mighty landscape of the great river in the middle, and the lingering affection at the end. Thick lines are outlined, and the realm is magnificent. It's all line drawings. It doesn't even write whether the mountain is blue or purple, thick or light. It just says, as if nothing happened, it's like an ink landscape painting. The poet grasps the overall impression, and the image is controlled by poetic thinking rather than naked eyes (which is different from the logic of western poetry), showing the artistic effect of scattered perspective of Chinese painting (which is different from the logic of western painting). There are many poems similar to Wang Wei's, such as "Thousands of valleys touch the sky from a tree, cuckoos crow on a thousand peaks", "The rivers and lakes are white at sunset, and the sky is blue when the tide comes", "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen" and so on.
Wang Wei is also good at capturing the touching moments of sound, color, painting and emotion, unifying them in the artistic conception that can best convey emotions and expressing them in appropriate language. Look at his landscape poem Bird Watching Creek:
People are idle, osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and empty.
When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream.
In the silent spring night forest, the laurels of the four seasons fall silently. Suddenly, the bright moon rises, the empty mountain is full of color, the mountain birds wake up and sing in the mountain stream, which is particularly crisp, setting off the quiet beauty of the spring mountain on a moonlit night. Some versions of "human leisure" are called "human world", and its meaning is understandable. "Osmanthus fragrans" can be interpreted as month and month. The combination of static and dynamic, dynamic and static, and dynamic and static brings readers into a more beautiful and profound artistic conception. The poet captured the most expressive and imaginative moment of "a bird awakened by the moon". This is a moonlit scene full of music. Compared with Wu Xinyi's empty meditation, this poem is warm, lively and full of human atmosphere.
Wang Weiyou has a poem describing the late autumn scenery, named "In the Mountains":
The stream of the river has been flowing for less than a day, and white stones are exposed on the riverbed. The weather is getting colder and the red leaves on the branches are becoming scarce.
There is no rain on the winding mountain road, the smoke is misty in the dense pine trees, and the water vapor is heavy, as if to flow, and then the clothes of passers-by.
Jingxi originated in the northwest of Lantian County, Shaanxi Province. Red leaves are maple leaves. Walking in the mountains early and enjoying the mountain scenery all the way, I suddenly felt that my clothes were wet. I thought it was raining, but on closer inspection, it didn't rain. Only the mist on the mountain, my clothes may be wet! The poet condensed this feeling process of tourists into two poems, which are very interesting. This poem has colors: white stone, red leaves and emerald blue. There is a stereo: the stream hits the stone bed. And the feelings of tourists. Although this poem is short, it is rich in connotation. Zhang Xu, a calligrapher and poet in the Tang Dynasty, also wrote a four-line poem "Stay in the Mountain":
The state of mountain light makes spring glow, not for lightness.
Even if it doesn't rain on a sunny and cloudy day, it's too deep in clothes.
The poem "stained clothes" is a real way of writing, which shows another scene of the cloud lock in the mountains. The "wet clothes" in Wang Wei's poems describe illusions and dreamland, and express the poetic meaning of lush mountains and forests. The two poems have similarities and differences, and each has its own brilliance.
Wang Wei's five-character rhythmic poem "Autumn Night in the Mountain" is a masterpiece combining poetry and painting.
The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.