The excavation of Mawangdui Han Tomb is of great value to China's historical and scientific research, and its unearthed cultural relics are extremely precious. According to textual research, the silk book Fifty-two Prescriptions for Diseases unearthed from Tomb No.3 may be earlier than Huangdi Neijing (written in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period), which records 52 diseases, mentions more than 100 diseases, and has more than 280 prescriptions and more than 240 drugs used. This is the earliest prescription that can be seen in China now. The discovery of 52 prescriptions for diseases supplements the medical contents before Neijing and is a very precious medical heritage.
Photo of Mawangdui Han Tomb More than 3,000 precious cultural relics have been unearthed in the three Han tombs of Mawangdui, most of which are well preserved. Among them, more than 500 pieces of various lacquerware are beautifully made, luxuriantly decorated and as bright as new. What is precious is a large number of silk fabrics in Tomb No.1, which are well protected. There are many varieties, such as silk, silk, silk, yarn, brocade and so on. There is a plain gauze dress, as light as smoke and as thin as cicada wings. Length 1.28 meters, long sleeves, weighing only 49 grams. Its knitting skill is superb, which is really ingenious. The unearthed silk paintings are the earliest existing large-scale works in China that describe the real life at that time. There are also colorful figurines, musical instruments, weapons, seals, silk books and other treasures.
The painted lacquer coffin in the No.1 Han Tomb is as bright as new, and the top paint is painted with flowing water and animal monsters, with complex shape, vivid posture and high artistic level. A large number of silk books with 654.38+ 10,000 words unearthed from Tomb No.3 are rare historical documents. Silk books involve ancient philosophy, history and science and technology. After sorting, * * * has 28 kinds of books,120,000 words. There are also several books, most of which are lost. The topographic map unearthed from the No.2 Han Tomb is similar to the modern map in drawing technology and marking position. It has been exhibited in the United States, Japan, Poland and other countries and is highly praised as an "amazing discovery".
According to the description of lacquerware, seal and seal, it is inferred that the first tomb is Li Cang's wife, the second tomb is Li Cang himself and the third tomb is Li Cang's son. The time between the three tombs is about 20 years. Tomb No.1 is 20 meters deep from the top of the tomb to the tomb. The coffin chamber is built at the bottom of the tomb pit and consists of three coffins (outer coffins, middle coffins and inner coffins), three coffins (outer coffins, middle coffins and inner coffins) and skids. Charcoal is filled around and above the wooden coffin, with a thickness of 30-40 cm, which is about 65438+100000 Jin. The outside of charcoal is filled and sealed with white paste with a thickness of 60- 130 cm. A complete female corpse (Xin Zhui, wife of Li Cang) preserved for more than 265,438+000 years was unearthed in the coffin. The corpse is 154cm long, with complete appearance, moist and soft body, some hair remains, some joints are flexible, and many soft tissues are plump, soft and elastic. The internal organs of the found corpse remain intact and their relative positions are basically normal. This is the longest preserved wet corpse in the world.
Mawangdui Han Tomb Site is located in the eastern suburb of Changsha, four kilometers away from the city center. It was named Mawangdui because it is said to be the graveyard of Ma Yin, the king of Chu. Among the three Han tombs, the second tomb belongs to Hou Licang, the prime minister of Changsha in the early Han Dynasty, the first tomb is the wife of Li Cang, and the third tomb is the son of Li Cang. Among the three tombs, Tomb No.1 is the largest, with a length of19.5m from north to south, a width of17.8m from east to west and a depth of16m. Now the No.1 and No.2 tombs have been filled in, the No.3 tomb has been reinforced and preserved, and a large-span ceiling has been built for people to visit.
Hou Licang, Prime Minister of Changsha in the Early Western Han Dynasty, and his family tombs. Located in the eastern suburb of Changsha City, Hunan Province. Changsha is the seat of Linxiang County, the capital of Changsha in Han Dynasty. This cemetery was misinformed as the cemetery of Ma Yin, the king of Chu during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, so it was called Mawangdui. She was buried as the mother of Changsha and the "twin daughter" of Tang. Tomb 1 was excavated by Hunan Provincial Museum and Institute of Archaeology of China Academy of Sciences in 1972. At the beginning of 1973 to 1974, tombs No.2 and No.3 were excavated. Mawangdui No.1 Han Tomb in Changsha was published on 1973. According to historical records and Hanshu, Li Xiangcang died in Changsha in the second year of Emperor Huidi (BC 193). Three seals, namely "Prime Minister of Changsha", "Hou Yin of Chi" and "Li Cang", were found in Tomb No.2, indicating that the owner of the tomb was the first generation of Hou Li Cang himself. 1 A 50-year-old female corpse was found in the tomb, and the bone print of "Princess Xin Zhui" was found in the tomb. The owner of the tomb should be Li Cang's wife. The body of the owner of Tomb No.3 belongs to a man in his thirties, which may be the tomb of Li Cang's son. A wooden slip unearthed from Tomb No.3 has the words "December 12th, New Year's Eve", indicating that the tomb was in the 12th year of Emperor Wen (BC 168). 1 Tomb broke the enclosure of Tomb No.2 and Tomb No.3, which should be later. The excavation of Mawangdui Han Tomb provides extremely important physical data for studying the development of handicraft industry and science and technology in the early Western Han Dynasty, as well as the historical culture and social life at that time.