1. Understand and master the key classical Chinese words in the text.
2. Take the author's emotional changes as clues to understand the philosophy contained in the article.
Learning difficulties
Grasp the author's emotion and philosophy.
First, cut into the background and introduce new lessons.
Teacher: It's a beautiful spring. One day, the civil servants in the Qing Dynasty can take off their official uniforms and take a collective vacation. Young men and women can swing, fly kites, express their feelings for songs, love what I love, and are not bound by ethical codes; Even the heavily guarded court opened its doors for concubines and maids to go for an outing in the wild. It was also on this day 1700 years ago that a grand party kicked off on the beautiful Lanting River. At the end of the party, a man recorded this scene with his vigorous and powerful secretary, which will last forever! This party is called-Lanting Gathering, and this person is exactly-Wang Xizhi.
Second, feel the calligraphy, from words and texts.
Teacher: Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is called "Floating like a cloud, agile like a dragon". This is his masterpiece "Preface to Lanting Collection" (slide), in which 20 "ambitions" are full of the agility of life (slide). In addition to calligraphy, there are words that permeate people's hearts. Let's walk into Wang Xizhi's inner world —— Preface to Lanting Collection.
Third, prepare for the exam and master the words.
(Slide) Read the pronunciation together. Ask questions and explain the meaning of the words.
Fourth, reading the text, the overall perception
Teacher: The teacher will read the first paragraph and ask two students to read two or three paragraphs respectively. Other students think: 1. Summarize the content of the author's narrative in one sentence; 2. What feeling does it bring to the author? Please find a word from each paragraph that best reflects the author's main feelings. (Designated students, teachers and students recite separately)
Teacher: These two students recite well! Excuse me: What did the author record?
Health: the grand occasion of Lanting gathering momentum.
Teacher: What feeling does it bring to the author?
Health: the first paragraph is about the grand occasion of Lanting, and emotion is joy; The second paragraph expresses the feeling of life, and emotion is pain; The third paragraph explains the author's purpose in writing this preface. Emotion is sadness.
Teacher: Very good (writing on the blackboard: joy, sadness, pain)
Teacher: Let's see what kind of party this is, which can trigger such rich emotional changes of the author.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) contrasts perception, the author's happiness and pain.
Teacher: Read the first paragraph together and find out the time, place, reason, people, weather, environment, activities and feelings of the incident in the original words.
Health (read together and answer): time: late spring; Venue: Lanting; Subject: restoration; Characters: a group of talented people are complete, and a few are long and salty; Weather: the sky is clear and sunny; Environment: the mountains are high, the forests are dense and the bamboos are luxuriant, and the water is flowing fast, reflecting the left and right; Activity: Running water, sit by, sing and talk about your love; Feeling: sunny, sunny, sunny, looking up at the vastness of the universe and overlooking the richness of categories, so the vision is good, and I believe in cola!
Teacher: Well, what we found is more accurate, but when answering the feelings, the teacher has a little different opinions. There is a word "so" before "believe in coke" What do you mean "so"?
Health: Second-hand.
Teacher: Good. It is used to express purpose. What's the difference between the content before and after this word?
Health: the description of meeting is in front, and the feeling is behind.
Teacher: OK! Then let's look at the content before "so". What makes people feel happy?
Health 1: good times, beautiful spring; The scenery is also beautiful, with mountains, water and bamboo.
Student 2: Elegant activities, enjoyable drinking, and correct poetry and songs.
Health 3: It's sunny and sunny.
Health 4: The people who attended the party were also very nice, they were all literati.
Teacher: Yes, beauty, beauty, feast, enjoyment, plus sages and guests, this March 3 is the ultimate beauty. In the slightly drunk spring breeze, Wang Xizhi is integrated with heaven and earth, writing an eternal legend! Let's read the first paragraph again to the music. Girls read and boys listen. (Girls read the first paragraph together)
Teacher: Why did the author put up with such a wonderful moment? Read the second paragraph freely, find out the sentences that express the author's feelings, and discuss in groups why the author was injured. (Group activities)
Teacher: Which group will share your research results?
1 group: The sentence "I am very happy" reflects the cause of the author's pain. In other words, the author once felt that the happy things have become the past, and he is heartbroken for the disappearance of happiness; What's more, the length of life is given to fate, and life will end after all, because life is short and painful.
Teacher: Good. The teacher asked, "I still want to be happy with it." What is the reason?
Health: Happiness is short-lived.
Teacher: Where did you see it?
Health: Between pitches, it means short time.
Teacher: Yes, it shows that the cause of pain is that happiness is fleeting and life is short. Are there any other sentences to explain the cause of pain?
The second group: From the sentence "I am very happy to get what I want", it can be seen that happiness is fleeting, because it can only be "temporarily obtained by myself".
Teacher: Is it easy to say that happiness is fleeting? The author says, "Emotion is the essence". Where does the emotion come from?
Health: Love goes with the flow.
Teacher: Yes, the Lanting gathering is pleasant, but it is its grandeur that is hard to happen again. Therefore, ten or twenty years later, recalling this wonderful time will inevitably bring endless aftertaste, and at the same time, it will also be sad that the years are ruthless and beautiful, and they are fleeting. Note that there is a word "situation" in the text. What does it have to do with the previous sentence?
Student: Progressive relationship.
Teacher: What is the cause of pain that the author wants to emphasize?
Health: "Keep pace with the times and make short changes, and all shall be well." It means that life is short.
Teacher: Good. Therefore, the author will send out the feeling that "life and death are also great". Yes, "flowers are similar year after year, but people are different year after year." No matter how happy the reunion is, it will eventually be separated, and no matter how strong the life is, it will eventually die. Reality, as cold as iron, is in front of Wang Xizhi. Boys read the second paragraph and girls listen. (Boys read the second paragraph together)
Six, in-depth perception, the author's sorrow
Teacher: Is this pain of life and death a temporary pain for Wang Xizhi alone?
Health: No.
Teacher: Where can I tell?
Health: The third paragraph.
Teacher: But in the third paragraph, the author doesn't use the word "pain", but-
Health: It is the word "sadness"
Teacher: Students read the third paragraph together and answer: 1 in the original words. Usually when we say "sadness", sadness and pain mean the same thing. What is the difference between sadness and pain in this article? Is sadness deeper than pain? 2. How does Wang Xizhi view life and death?
Teacher: Which student answered the first question?
Health: The "pain" in the article refers to Wang Xizhi himself, and the "sadness" refers to the feelings of many people. "Looking back at today, looking back at the past", future generations look at today, just like looking at the ancients today, at a deeper level.
Teacher: Good. Scholars and poets throughout the ages have also expressed this kind of exclamation in their works. What poems can you think of?
Health 1: Cao Cao's "Although the turtle is long": "Although the turtle is long, it still has moments; A snake riding a fog turned out to be dust. "
Health 2: Li Bai also said, "You don't look at how the water of the Yellow River moved out of heaven and entered the ocean, which is gone forever;" Don't you see that the lovely hair in the bright mirror in the high room, although it is silky black in the morning, has turned into snow at night? "
Life 3: The poem "Red Cliff Fu" says: "Alas, I envy the Yangtze River in my life."
Health 4: And "the flowers in the forest have withered in spring, too soon".
Teacher: Not bad! In this passage, Wang Xizhi extended a person's temporary sorrow to eternal sorrow and a deeper degree. But in the face of unavoidable life and death events, what does Wang Xizhi think? Answer in the original words of the text.
Health: "It is known that death and life are fake, and Peng Qi's mourning is wrong."
Teacher: Here, does the author think that life and death are the same?
Health: It's different.
Teacher: Wang Xizhi lived in an era of extremely harsh politics and social unrest. Scholar-officials escape from reality and do nothing. They think that life and death are the same, and it doesn't matter if they die, because death is life and life is death. However, Sima Qian said: "People are inherently mortal, either heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather." Cang Kejia also wrote a poem: "Some people are alive, but they are dead; Some people died, but he is still alive. " Only when people know the difference between life and death can they cherish life.
Seven, after the viewer, feel gentle.
Teacher: Today we listened to Wang Xizhi's elegy about life together, but elegy does not mean pessimism. The author said that "people who take care of you will also feel gentle". As "the audience behind you", what do you want to say after reading this article?
Health 1: We can't control life and death, but we can do valuable things in our limited life.
Health 2: I think Wang Xizhi is great. Although he thinks that people can't control life and death, he has set an example for us how to live with his own life, and he has also made great achievements. ......
Teacher: Everyone speaks very well. It is because life is so fragile that we can forge such a strong will. It is not so much the author's lament when writing an article as his compassion and sense of hardship for life. Only in this way can we see infinite value after a limited life, raise hope in despair and know how to smile in the wind and rain!
Students, life is as gorgeous as summer flowers, and Wang Xizhi did it. I hope everyone can bloom their lives and live up to their years! Finally, with a feeling, we read the Preface to Lanting Collection again. (All students read together)