Republic of Korea, referred to as "Korea".
National Day: August 15 (1945)
National flag: The Taiji flag was first painted on the ship in August 1882 by the envoy Park Ho-jin sent to Japan, and was officially adopted by the emperor as the national flag of Lee's Korean dynasty in August 1883. 1On March 25th, 949, the provincial examination committee of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and Science of Korea made a clear statement when it was determined to be the national flag of the Republic of Korea: the horizontal and vertical ratio of Taiji flag was 3: 2, the white background represented the land, the middle was Taiji II instrument, and there were four black hexagrams in the four corners. Tai Chi's circle represents the people, and fish-shaped instruments bend up and down in the circle, with red on the top and blue on the bottom, representing Yang and Yin respectively, symbolizing the universe. Among the four hexagrams, the stem in the upper left corner represents the Sanyang hexagram representing heaven, spring, east and benevolence; Kun in the lower right corner indicates that the six Yin hexagrams represent earth, summer, west and righteousness; The ridge in the upper right corner has four yin and one yang representing water, autumn, south and ceremony; There are two yang and two yin in the lower left corner, representing fire, winter, north and wisdom respectively. The overall pattern means that everything moves, balances and coordinates forever in an infinite range, symbolizing oriental thought, philosophy and mystery.
National emblem: round. A hibiscus flower with five petals on the round surface and a pattern of yin and yang in the middle. The ribbon says "Republic of Korea".
National anthem: "Patriotic Song"
Interpretation of country name: taken from the country name. Historically, the south-central part of the Korean peninsula was once the place where primitive Koreans settled. At the end of the Li Dynasty, the king was renamed the emperor and the country name was changed to the Korean Empire.
National flower: hibiscus.
Language: Korean
Ethnic group: Korean.
Religion: Protestantism, Buddhism, Catholicism and so on.
Currency: won
Time: earlier than Beijing time 1 hour.
Climate: temperate monsoon climate
State politician: President Roh Moo-hyun, elected in February 2002 and sworn in in in February 2003; Premier Lee Hae Chan took office in June 2004; Jin Yiji, Speaker of the National Assembly, was elected in June 2004.
Population: 48.387 million (according to 5438+1 October1of the Ministry of Administration and Autonomy of Korea in June 2004). The whole country is a single nation, and Korean is widely used. Religion is dominated by Buddhism and Christianity.
Capital: Seoul, population 65,438+00,277,000 (2003). From June 5438 to February 2003, the South Korean National Assembly passed the Special Law on the New Administrative Capital, and decided to move the administrative capital from Seoul to the central region. In August 2004, the South Korean government finalized and officially announced the address of the new administrative capital, and Yanqi-Zhougong, located in central South Korea, will become the new administrative capital. The South Korean government is scheduled to start building a new administrative capital in Yanqi-Zhougong in July 2007, and it will become a city with a population of 300,000 in 2020 and a city with a population of 500,000 in 2030. From 20 12 to 20 14, the main state administrative organs in Korea will be moved to the new administrative capital. In June 5438 +2004 10, the Korean Constitutional Court ruled that the Special Law on the New Administrative Capital passed by the South Korean National Assembly in February 2003 was unconstitutional. The South Korean government's plan to move the administrative capital from Seoul to the central region will be forced to stop. June, 5438+October, 2005 10, Seoul Mayor Lee Myung-bak held a press conference in Seoul City Government, announcing that the Chinese name of Seoul was changed to "Seoul" and the word "Seoul" was no longer used.
Administrative division: there are 1 special city (Seoul Special City), 9 provinces (Gyeonggi Province, gangwon, Chungcheongbuk Province, Chungcheongnam Province, Jeollabuk Province, Gyeongsangbuk Province, Gyeongsangnam Province and Jeju Road) and 6 wide-area cities (Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju and Ulsan, Otawa).
Physical geography: located in the south half of the Korean peninsula in the northeast of the Asian continent. The north is adjacent to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea through the military demarcation line. The other three sides are surrounded by the Yellow Sea, the Korean Strait and the Sea of Japan. It covers an area of 99,600 square kilometers, and the total length of the peninsula coastline is about 1.7 thousand kilometers (including the island coastline). There are many hills and plains in Korea, about 70% of which are mountainous areas, and the terrain is lower than that in the northern part of the peninsula. Hills are mostly located in the south and west. The western and southern continental slopes are gentle, the eastern continental slopes are steep, and there are large plains on the west coast. South Korea belongs to the temperate East Asian monsoon climate. The rainfall from June to September accounts for 70% of the whole year. The annual average precipitation is about 1500mm, which gradually decreases from south to north. The average temperature in winter is below zero. It is the hottest in summer and August, with the temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. It is vulnerable to typhoons in March, April and early summer.
Brief History: After 1 century, three ancient countries, Koguryo, Baekje and Silla, were formed on the Korean Peninsula. In the middle of the seventh century, Silla occupied a dominant position on the peninsula. /kloc-At the beginning of the 0 th century, North Korea replaced Silla. /kloc-At the end of 0/4, the Lee Dynasty replaced Korea and named it Korea. 19 10 became a Japanese colony in August. 1945 August 15 liberated. At the same time, Soviet and American troops were stationed in the northern half and the southern half, respectively, with the 38th parallel of north latitude as the boundary. 1948 On August 5th, the Republic of Korea was proclaimed and Li Chengwan was elected as the first president. Li Chengwan stepped down in the national student movement. 196 1 year, park chung-hee launched a military coup and began to rule 18 year, during which the Korean economy achieved sustained and rapid growth. 1979 park chung-hee was assassinated and Quan Douhuan staged a coup. 1980 became president. 1987, South Korea implemented direct presidential election, and in the same year, Lu Taiyu was elected as the 13 president. Presidents from 14 to 16 were Jin Yongsan, Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun. South Korea and North Korea joined the United Nations on September 199 1.
Politics: The current Korean Constitution was adopted by referendum in June 1987+00, and came into effect on February 25th/988. According to the new constitution, South Korea implements the system of separation of powers and governing the country according to law. According to this new constitution, the president is the head of state and the commander of the national armed forces, representing the whole country in the government system and foreign relations. The president's term of office is five years, and he cannot be re-elected. The president is the policy-maker at home and abroad, and can introduce legislative bills to Congress. At the same time, the president is also the country's chief executive, responsible for the implementation of various laws and regulations. The President exercises administrative functions through the State Council composed of 15-30 people and chaired by it. As the president's main administrative assistant, the prime minister is appointed by the president, but must be approved by the National Assembly. The Prime Minister has the right to participate in the formulation of important national policies. The president has no right to dissolve the National Assembly, but the National Assembly can restrict the president by initiating impeachment procedures, so that he will be ultimately responsible for the national constitution. South Korea has a unicameral system. Congress is the national legislature, with a four-year term and a two-year term for its speaker. In addition to making laws, the functions entrusted to Congress by the Constitution include approving state affairs such as national budget, foreign policy, declaring war on foreign countries, and the power to impeach the president. Korean courts are divided into three levels: Grand Court, High Court and Local Court. The Grand Court is the highest court and is responsible for hearing appeals against the decisions of lower courts and military courts. The Chief Justice is appointed by the President and approved by the National Assembly. A judge's term of office is six years, and he cannot be re-elected. He must abdicate at the age of 70.
Economy: In 1950s, the Korean economy moved from the brink of collapse to recovery. In 1960s, South Korea successfully implemented the export-oriented economic development strategy and began to implement the first five-year economic development plan. In 1970s, South Korea became one of the newly industrialized countries (regions) and became a competitive country in the international market in 1980s. In the 1990s, South Korea began to strive to enter the ranks of developed countries. South Korea has a strong economic strength, and steel, automobiles, shipbuilding, electronics and textiles are the pillar industries of South Korea. Korea used to be a traditional agricultural country. With the process of industrialization, the proportion of agriculture in the Korean economy is getting smaller and smaller, and its status is getting lower and lower. South Korea is a big importer of agricultural products, and its import volume tends to increase. However, its agricultural market is extremely sensitive to foreign investment, and it is an economic sector with a small degree of opening to the outside world. South Korea's cultivated land area is 6.5438+0.95 million hectares, mainly distributed in the western and southern plains and hilly areas, accounting for about 22% of the total land area. South Korea has less mineral resources, with more than 280 kinds of minerals discovered and more than 50 kinds of minerals with economic value. The minerals with development and utilization value include iron, anthracite, lead, zinc and tungsten, but the reserves are not large. Due to the lack of natural resources, the main industrial raw materials depend on imports. The main industrial sectors are steel, automobile, shipbuilding, electronics, chemistry, textiles and so on. Pohang Iron and Steel Plant is the second largest steel complex in the world. In 2002, the automobile output was 3.2 million, ranking sixth in the world. The tonnage of standard cargo ships for shipbuilding orders is 7.59 million tons, ranking first in the world again. The electronic industry is dominated by high-tech intensive products, and it is one of the top ten electronic industry countries in the world. Semiconductor integrated circuits have developed rapidly. In recent years, South Korea has attached importance to IT industry and continuously increased investment. Korea has beautiful scenery and many cultural and historical heritages. Tourism is more developed. The main scenic spots are Gyeongbokgung Palace, Tokugawa Palace, Chang Gung Palace, Cheong Tak Palace, National Museum, National Conservatory of Music, Sejong Cultural Center, Huyan Art Museum, Nanshan Tower, National Museum of Modern Art, Jianghua Island, Folk Village, Panmunjom, Gyeongju, Jeju Island and Xueyueshan.
Culture: Korea is a country with a long history and splendid culture, which has its own characteristics in literature and art. Korean art mainly includes painting, calligraphy, printmaking, crafts and decoration. , not only inherited the national tradition, but also absorbed the expertise of foreign art. Korean painting can be divided into oriental painting and western painting. Oriental painting is similar to China's traditional Chinese painting, which uses pen, ink, paper and inkstone to express various themes. There are also all kinds of gorgeous genre paintings. Like China and Japan, calligraphy is an elegant art form in Korea. Koreans are famous for their love of music and dance. Korean modern music can be roughly divided into "national music" and "western music". National music can be divided into "elegant music" and "folk music". Yayue is music played by a professional band when the feudal dynasty of Korea held sacrificial ceremonies and banquets in the court, commonly known as "Zheng Yue" or "court music". Folk music includes miscellaneous songs, folk songs and farmhouse music. The commonly used musical instruments are Xuanqin, Gayaqin, five-line drum, flute and so on. One of the characteristics of Korean folk music is that it is accompanied by dance. Korean dance attaches great importance to the rhythm of dancers' shoulders and arms. Tao has a fan, a corolla and a drum. Korean dance is rich and colorful, centering on folk dance and court dance. Korean dramas originated from religious ceremonies in prehistoric times, mainly including masks, puppet shows, folk art, singing operas and dramas. Among them, the mask, also known as "mask dance", is a symbol of Korean culture and occupies an extremely important position in Korean traditional drama.