Jiunong consists of four pieces of Qin music, Ji Si Nong (commonly known as Changqing, Short Youth, Long Edge and Short Edge) created by Ji Kang in the late Wei Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms, and Cai Wu Nong (Youchun, Laishui, Meditation and Sitting Sorrow) created by Cai Yong in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Selection of officials in the imperial examination in Tang dynasty;
There are two kinds of imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty: regular examinations and compulsory examinations. The so-called regular exercise refers to the imperial examinations of different disciplines held every year; Imperial examination refers to the imperial examination held temporarily by the emperor. Because of the different purposes of selecting talents and appointing people, there are great differences in examination contents, candidates' sources and examination methods, and Chang Ju has become the most important thing in the imperial examination because of its long-term and fixed advantages. What this article discusses here is only the most important common examples. The main themes often cited are: Scholar, Ming Jing, Jinshi, Faming, Zi Ming, Shu Ming, One History, Three History, Kai Ethan, Tao Ju, Boy, etc.
Scholars asked for five articles about the main policies and strategies of the countries concerned. The purpose is to select some senior talents with macro-global awareness, so the requirements for candidates are very high. If they were recommended but failed to get it, the recommended state governor would even be punished, so that few people took the exam later, and Tang Gaozong was suspended, and has been in a state of name only ever since.
Zi Ming's subject aims to select talents with expertise in calligraphy and writing; Ming Law Department aims to select judicial talents who are familiar with the law; Mingsuan aims at selecting mathematical talents who are proficient in arithmetic. Most of the above imperial examinations are despised by the world, so they are not valued.
The first history is to select talents who are proficient in Historical Records, Hanshu and Houhanshu. The third history is to select all-round talents who are proficient in historical records, Han books and later Han books. The Grand Ceremony of Kaiyuan is a survey of the contents of Volume 150 of the Grand Ceremony of Kaiyuan compiled and published by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty in the 20th year of Kaiyuan.
Tao Ju mainly inspects Taoist classics such as Laozi, Zhuangzi and Liezi. Tong Ziju's examination content requires children under 0 to be familiar with a classic book, The Book of Filial Piety and The Analects of Confucius. Because the above kinds are not often held, their position in the imperial examination is not important.
Therefore, Ming Jing and Jinshi became the two most important subjects in the imperial examination. In the Sui Dynasty, the main content of these two subjects was trial strategy, which was constantly changing and increasing in the early Tang Dynasty. In the eighth year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan (634), he took an additional examination in reading a history book. In the second year of Emperor Gaozong's Lu Dao (680), Jinshi tried to paste classics, and in the second year of Yonglong (68 1), Ming Sheng tried to paste classics, and Jinshi tried to add essays. During the Tianbao period of Xuanzong (742-756), it was stipulated that the classics should be examined first, then the righteousness, and finally the policy; Jinshi tried to paste the scriptures first, then tried poetry and fu, and finally tried strategy. At this point, Ming Jing and Jinshi began to pay attention to it. The Ming Classics emphasized "adhering to the Confucian classics", while the Jinshi emphasized poetry and fu.
The so-called "sticking the classics" in Ming Jing is to cover the two ends of a book, leave a line in the middle, and stick three words in this line on paper for candidates to fill in. It's called Sticking Sutra, which is similar to today's fill in the blanks. "Mo Yi" is a test of scriptures and annotations. Originally, it was an oral test, but later, because it was easy to be cheated, it was changed to a written test, so it was named Mo Yi. This method is mechanical. Examiners often find some uncommon sentences when writing questions, and candidates also find this rule when writing questions, so they focus on how to bet the questions, without paying attention to and understanding the original intention of the classics at all.
The exam-oriented strategy is that the examiner asks the examinee to answer a question about politics, economy and military affairs. It is quite similar to today's essay question. This is the most critical part of the exam, and some excellent candidates can stand out, right here.
In addition to the importance of trial and error, another important content in Jinshi is poetry fu. In the second year of Yonglong in Tang Gaozong, candidates were required to write two articles on the spot, mainly referring to practical styles such as admonition, inscription and table, and then gradually changed to special examination of poetry and fu.