"Poet Fairy" was the nickname of Li Bai when he was alive. The first person who regarded Li Bai as a fairy was the famous poet He at that time. Yes, yes, that's him. He left home when he was young. According to Li Bai's recollection and his first encounter (recorded in the preface of the poem "Celebrating Wine"), "Siming has fanatics, which is really romantic. Chang 'an calls me a fairy as soon as we meet. What used to be a good cup turned into Panasonic dust. Scarab changed wine, but she remembered tears and towels. When Li Bai came to Chang 'an, the capital of China, for the first time, he met the famous poet He, and respectfully presented his poem "Difficult Road to Shu". After reading it, He Zhangzhi, who was drinking, was surprised. He called Li Bai a "fallen fairy" and invited Li Bai to drink with him. After drinking, I have to pay the bill, only to find that I have no money ... this is so embarrassing. He Zhangzhi did not hesitate to untie the promise that she was wearing scarab as a drink. Li Bai was startled: eldest brother, yours is an item given to you by the emperor. It is a symbol of rank. We dare not be so willful. With the support of the famous poet He at that time, the name of Li Bai, the "Poet Fairy", soon became a household name.
Later, Li Bai's younger brother Du Fu also wrote in the poem "Send Li Twelve White and Twenty Rhymes": "There used to be fanatics named immortals. Put pen to paper shocks the wind and rain, and poetry becomes tears. It can be seen that the name of "Poet Fairy" was recognized by people at that time.
Poet and Sage-Du Fu
Du Fu is not so lucky as Li Bai. When he was regarded as a saint in the country of poetry, it was already the Song Dynasty. The first person to compare Du Fu with Confucius was Qin Guan, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. In On Han Yu, he said: "The poem of the beauty of the son is just in time." "Confucius is also a saint. Confucius called it a masterpiece. Alas, Du Shi and Han Shi are also excellent poems! " This passage speaks highly of Du Fu. Directly put Confucius and Du Fu together, saying that both of them have a "comprehensive" status. Although it is unclear whether Du Fu is a poet, the meaning of the poet is faintly visible.
After Qin Guan, people who evaluated Du Fu with "comprehensive achievements" followed. For example, Chen Shidao said, "Perilla looks at the cloud:' Zi Mei's poems, articles on Ci Fu and Lu Gong's books are all famous." "Yan Yu said:?" The Shaoling Charter came from the Han and Wei Dynasties, but based on the Six Dynasties, it was so wonderful that its predecessors called it a master. "("Cang Hua ") Southern Song Dynasty? Yang Wanli directly called Du Fu a "poet" (Preface to Jiangxi School Poetry). Du Fu was honored as a saint of poetic country in Song Dynasty, which was caused by many factors such as politics and culture at that time.
However, what about Ming? Du Fu was dubbed "Poet Saint" in the Ming Dynasty. Yang Shen, a famous poet and scholar in Ming Dynasty, wrote in Ci? This word was first used to address Du Fu in Preface. Since then, the laurel of "poet sage" has been firmly worn on Du Fu's head until today. It took 600 years from A Masterpiece to Poet Saint and then to Poet Saint, and it was finally finalized successfully.
What is "holy"? Those with high moral cultivation are called saints, and those who are proficient in one thing are also called saints. For example, Wu Daozi, a painter in the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Zhi, a cursive writer in the Han Dynasty, and Zhang Xu, a cursive writer in the Tang Dynasty, are called "Cao Sheng", all of which are named after their unique skills. Du Fu is known as a "poet saint", and its connotation should include two aspects: first, it refers to his perfect personality and mellow ethical demeanor; First of all, it refers to his profound poetic attainments and his status as a link between the past and the future.
The Magic of Poet —— Bai Juyi
Bai Juyi is revered as the "Poet Demon". In fact, he constantly emphasizes in his articles and poems that whether he encourages himself or humiliates himself, he always portrays himself as a deranged poet. In "Nine Books with Yuan Dynasty", he described his experience in writing poems, saying, "You learned to be a poet when you were five or six years old. When I was nine years old, I knew rhyme. Fifteen or sixteen years old, I didn't know there were scholars, so I studied hard. I'm twenty. I have classes during the day, read books at night, and have poems in the middle. I don't want to sleep. So that the tongue is sore and the elbow is sore. It is very strong and its skin is not full, but it turns white prematurely. "
He cast a soul with his own flesh and blood, and he wrote poetry to such an extent. Isn't it a demon?
One of the two drunken songs said, "Thousands of stems on the temples are as new as snow, and ten stems are as thirsty as mud. The meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but in the afternoon, I lament the Western Heaven. " Since then, the poet demon was born, rampaging, stirring up huge waves, sound like a rock, sonorous and powerful, hitting the floor.
His poems, following Du Fu's footsteps, sympathized with the people and criticized the long-standing abuses in the Tang Dynasty, saying that "ode only caused people's diseases" and "injured people's diseases". In theory and practice, he created a large number of poems reflecting reality, which became the most works in the Tang Dynasty and the most achievements in the middle Tang Dynasty, and his popularity was not even as good as that of Du Fu. At the same time, his poems strive to be easy to understand and spread widely in the Tang Dynasty, from the ruling and opposition to the folk, known to women and children. In Song Dynasty, Hui Hong said in Volume I of Cold Zhai Night Talk: "Every time Bai Letian writes a poem, he should ask if there is any explanation. If it is solved, record it; If you don't understand, it's easy. " His poems are more famous. Japan, in particular, is regarded as the ancestor of poetry.
Shi Gui-Li He
Why is Li He called a "ghost talent"? Some people say that his poem is full of ghosts and gods, so it is called it. Others think that "a genius" not only praises his cleverness and agility, but also laments his untimely death.
Li He's life is closely related to "ghosts". In his poems, he often fantasizes about "ghost domain" and constructs an amazing artistic atmosphere with his bold and peculiar imagination. The "ghost" he described, "although it is heterogeneous, it still feels human." Like Pu Songling's Liao Zhai in the Ming Dynasty, he wrote about people by writing "ghosts", reflecting the troubles in the world.
Due to his bad mood, poor life and deteriorating health, words such as "old" and "dead" often appeared in Li He's poems, and eventually he died of illness when he was only 27 years old.
Fifteen years after the death of Li He, Du Mu wrote Li Changji's songs and poems, Li Shangyin wrote Li Changji's biography, and Lu Guimeng wrote it after Li Changji's biography. Although some people criticized Li He's poetry as "fantastic" and even denounced it as "the demon in poetry", most people fully affirmed him. Du Mu praised him as a "descendant of the poet" (the heir of Qu Yuan), and Li Shangyin thought that Li was brilliant, "not only on the ground, but also in the sky". Wang Fuzhi, a thinker in Qing Dynasty, said that he was "the enemy of truth and worship (referring to Li Bai)". Later generations also associated him with Wang Bo, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty who wrote Preface to Wang Tengting, and called it an example of "envy of talents" with regret.
The reason why Li He is called a "ghost" is probably related to his appearance, in addition to the reasons why he often talks about ghosts and gods in his poems. In the "Complete Tang Poetry" Volume 392 Li's No.007 "Batong Answer", he wrote: "The big nose should be brown, and the fat eyebrows should be bitter. If you don't sing Yuefu, who knows how to complain about autumn? " From his poems, we can see his ugly face with "big nose" and "big eyebrows". In addition, in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, there is also such a description that "people are thin, with long eyebrows and long fingers and claws, and they read quickly." Mr. Liu Xian's so-called "Long Claw Langyin became a fetish" is also called. With the mysterious poems of Chang Ji and the appearance of this ancient tomb, the title of "Shi Gui" is well deserved!
Poet-Liu Yuxi
The title of "poet" was actually given by Bai Juyi, a good friend of Liu Yuxi, and was vigorously promoted. Why did Bai Juyi call Liu Yuxi a "poet"?
In fact, through the word "poet", we can clearly understand its meaning, that is to say, the poems written by Liu Yuxi are heroic and vigorous. This is one of them. What is more important in Liu Yuxi's Poet is the word "Hao", which not only refers to the "Hao" of poetic style, but also praises Liu Yuxi's "Hao".
Liu Yuxi was a poet, writer and politician in the middle Tang Dynasty. He is upright and upright, and he has his own persistence and cognition in dealing with things. For example, Liu Yuxi himself is very supportive of Yongzhen's innovation. Even after the failure of political reform, he can still face life positively and optimistically, facing the powerful minister. Moreover, I can bravely express myself and stick to my point of view.
At the same time, Liu Yuxi's "poetic style" can also be self-contained. First of all, this "Hao" can represent a style of "vigorous and old, calm and happy", such as Liu Yuxi's Post-Shi Cun Dialect and so on. Secondly, this "good" can also express Liu Yuxi's attitude towards life. Even if you are demoted, you must be optimistic and strong to create your own wonderful!
In his later years, Liu Yuxi became surly, rarely interacting with others, and devoted himself to his creation to entertain himself. He often associates with Bai Juyi and earns a lot of money. Liu is "absolutely poetic", and Bai Juyi praised his poems and said, "Your poems are blessed by God." Liu Yuxi is called a "poet", which means a hero and an outstanding poet, and later generations also call him that accordingly.
Poet-Wang Bo
Why is Wang Bo called a "poet"? This is related to the "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty". Old Tang book Yang Jiong Chuan? Historical Records records: "Zhang Jiong is as famous as Lu and Lu in literature and poetry, and as four outstanding men in the sea with Wang and Luo." . The activities of these four masters took place in the period of Emperor Gaozong and Wuhou in the Tang Dynasty. They made a great breakthrough in the content and style of palace poems, developed five-character poems and dared to reform the poetic style of Qi and Liang Dynasties.
There have always been many rankings of the four great masters. Wang Luo was first put forward in Du Shiyan in Song Dynasty, and this ranking was also adopted in Biography of Wang Tong in Old Tang Dynasty, but Yang Jiong himself disagreed with this ranking, saying that it was "ashamed of Lu and ashamed of the queen". Zhang, a contemporary of the four great masters, said in Tombstone to Qiu Pei: "For those who choose Cao, see Luo, Yang Jiong.". In addition, Pei Xingjian is also ranked as "Wang Yang Luo Lu" in the old Tang books. Li, assistant minister of the official department, was full of praise for the four men, but after meeting Pei Xingjian, he said, "A scholar has a long-term vision, and knowledge precedes writing. Such as Bo, although brilliant, but impetuous and dazzling, how can you enjoy its name? Tim is quite heavy. Hey, as long as it's your commander, the rest won't die. " Among these four people, Wang Bo is considered by some people to be the most accomplished. For example, Lu Shiyong's "General Theory of Poetry and Mirrors" in the Ming Dynasty said: "Wang Bo is lofty, Yang Jiong is rich, and the most outstanding." When I transferred to the early Tang Dynasty, I took the Six Dynasties. "
Therefore, Wang Bo, as the "first of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty", was called "poet" by later generations.
Shi Fo-Wang Wei
There is a saying that "Li Bai is a genius, Du Fu is a native talent and Wang Wei is a talent", and later generations also call Wang Wei Shi Fo. This title not only expresses the Zen and religious inclination of Wang Wei's poems, but also affirms Wang Wei's lofty position in the Tang Dynasty. Wang Wei is not only recognized as Shi Fo, but also a master of Nanshan literati painting (Qian Zhongshu called him "the first painting in the prosperous Tang Dynasty"). He is also proficient in temperament, good at calligraphy and seal cutting, and is a rare all-rounder
Wang Weishi was famous both before and after his death. History says that "fame is in Kaiyuan and Tianbao, and the nobles and heroes are vain to welcome it, and the kings of Ning and Xue treat it as teachers and friends" (New Tang Book). Tang Daizong once praised him as "the literate sect in the world" (Answer to Wang Weiji, a letter to Wang Jin). Du Fu also called him "the most beautiful sentence in a full picture book" (the eighth of the twelve poems in Jieboredom). At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Si Kongtu praised it as "interesting and clear, if clear and deep" ("Comment on Poetry with Wang Jia"). In the past, people once praised Wang Wei as "Shi Fo" and compared him with poet Du Fu and poet Li Bai.
Many of Wang Wei's poems are secluded, far away from the world and full of Zen. The artistic conception of mountains and rivers has gone beyond the ordinary natural aesthetics and entered a religious realm, which is the inevitable embodiment of Wang Wei's Buddhist cultivation. Wang Wei lived in an era when Buddhism flourished. Scholar-officials learning Buddhism is very popular. Several times of political dissatisfaction and seclusion in his life made Wang Wei concentrate on studying Buddhism in order to despise fame and fortune and get rid of his troubles.
Some poems can be traced back, such as Crossing Ji Xiang Temple: I don't know the way to Jixiang Temple, but I wander under the mountains and clouds for miles.
Portrait of Wang Wei
In the evening, come to the empty pool and meditate quietly to suppress the dragon. "Some poems are ethereal, without Zen, but also with Zen. Like a gazelle, there is no trace. For example, "I will walk until the river blocks my way, then sit down and look at the rising clouds." One day I met an old woodcutter, laughing and laughing, and never coming back "(I am in the seclusion of Zhongnanshan).
Another example: there seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I heard a voice. Sunlight enters the grove and reflects to me from the green moss (Chai Lu); People are idle, osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and empty. When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream. Everything is silent, illusory and impermanent, with no purpose, no consciousness, no joy of life and no sorrow of death, but everything is immortal and eternal, just as Hu Yinglin's poems and Yao's Tang poetry Expression commented: "Reading makes people forget their life experiences, and all thoughts are silent, which does not mean that they are rhythmic."
Poet fever-He Zhangzhi
"Poetic fanaticism" is actually He Zhangzhi's self-styled.
What is generous, good at joking, good at drinking, romantic and chic, was admired by people at that time. When I saw Li Bai's poems, I praised them as "fallen immortals". Later, they became the Year of the Year and introduced Li Bai to Tang Xuanzong as an official. Many anecdotes about He show that he is wild and uninhibited. For example, in "Song of Drinking", the first one is He. He wrote that after he was drunk, he was different from ordinary people-ordinary people were drunk, poured a pot of cold water and immediately woke up. If he is drunk, even if you put him in the well, he won't wake up, but he will fall asleep at the bottom of the well.
He was bohemian in his later years, calling himself a "fanatic of the four Ming Dynasty" and was called a "poet fanatic" because of his bold and unrestrained poems. In the book of Old Tang Dynasty, it is described as follows:
He is open-minded and good at laughing. At that time, all the sages admired him. Xiangxian Lu, Minister of Industry, is also Zhang Zhi's sister-in-law, and she is very close to Zhang Zhi. Xiang Xian often said to people, "Brother He is a charming man. My children and I are far apart, and I dare not even think about it. If we don't see Brother He for a day, we will be miserable. " In his later years, Zhang Zhi was born in Yujia, known as "Siming fanatic", also known as "secretary supervisor", wandering in the alley, not repeating the rules, and living frugally. Drunk words, moving into scrolls, no words, considerable salt. He is also good at cursive script and official script, and a kind person provided him with a letter. Each piece of paper is just a few crosses, and it is passed on to the treasure.
This shows that it is wild and unruly.
Poetic Bone-Chen Ziang
Generally speaking, people call a person according to his personality, works and deeds. Therefore, people call Chen Ziang "poetic bone", which is inseparable from his character, deeds and works!
As far as his works are concerned, Chen Ziang is a poet before Li Bai and an ambitious man. Although he was not as outstanding as Li Bai and others in poetry, he was in the early Tang Dynasty, when he was carrying out poetry reform, so his poetry was the basis of future generations' writing. In his poems, we can read surging feelings and chic spirit. In short, his poems can convey positive energy. Therefore, some people commented that his poems were vigorous and powerful.
As far as his character is concerned, he belongs to an official who went out from a remote area, but he was arrogant in front of those bureaucrats, even for the emperor at that time. It was during the reign of Wu Zetian. He only supports Wu Zetian's New Deal and opposes mistakes, which also shows his backbone, his solemnity and persistence in right and wrong! As far as his behavior is concerned. When I first arrived in Beijing, I never entered the official career because I didn't have any acquaintances. Later, he spent thousands of dollars on a piano, which attracted many people to his home. Then he smashed the precious piano in front of everyone to show his determination to leave his official career, which also made him instantly become a celebrity and enter his official career. All these show that he is a talented and upright person, which is why people call him a poetic bone.
Poet Prisoner-Meng Jiao
Poetry prisoners are actually two people, namely Meng Jiao and Jia Dao! The origin is that both Meng Jiao and Jia Dao are famous for their bitter songs, and "Happiness is a poor word", so later generations all call them two and always say that they are "thin on an island". This formulation was first seen in Yuan Haowen's poems. Yuan Haowen said this in his poem "Free Talk": Han Fei died of loneliness and anger, Qing Yu was worried about poverty, Changsha was tired of Hunan, and he was imprisoned after dealing with others.
Poetry prisoner, "imprisoned by poetry", refers to Meng Jiao and Jia Dao who wrote poems, tried to refine words and cast sentences, and regarded poetry as the most important thing in life, as if they were prisoners of poetry. Meng Jiao's poem is about poverty until death do us part. He occupied a vast place, but was imprisoned in the song of poverty, just like a tired prisoner in a poem.
In addition, Yuan Haowen's eighteenth poem of Thirty Poems also mentioned this gentleman: Dongye was poor and worried, and Gao Tianhou was a poet's prisoner. Jiangshan's eternal Chaoyang Pen is located in Longyuan Bai Chi Building.
This poem is a comment on Meng Jiao, although Yuan Haowen thinks that he can't be compared with Han Yu's poems at all. But Yuan Haowen also sympathized with Meng Jiao in his poems.
Poetry slave-Jia Dao
Jia Dao and Meng Jiao are also called "thin suburban islands", Meng Jiao is called "poetry prisoner" and Jia Dao is called "poetry slave". They don't like to associate with ordinary people all their lives. Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty called him "a man who knows foreign affairs". He only likes to write poems and mourning poems and work hard on words.
His poems like to describe desolate and lonely places, and there are many bitter words. Good at five-character poems. Pay attention to words and expressions, and deliberately look for a job. The allusion of "scrutiny" comes from his poem "Monks Knock (Push) on the Door under the Moon". He is the author of The Yangtze River Collection.
Poetic Fairy-Su Shi
This statement originated from Yuan Hongdao, a representative of the public security school in Ming Dynasty. Yuan Hongdao thinks:
"Poe is particularly inaccessible, and the macro fallacy means that there is no author before. And language learners, because poetry is not Tang poetry and literature is not a Chinese disease, why should they blame Nanwei powder instead of spitting stones? " "Song poetry is longer than body and shorter than rhyme, but it is a text, dense in argument and neglected. However, some of them surpassed the Qin and Han Dynasties and did not prosper in the Tang Dynasty. " "Hongfu chose Soviet official documents very well. As for poetry, there are one hundred." Su Gong's poems are not good. Purple can be empty, and the Ministry of Industry can be solid. Violets are just empty, so there are scenes every time; The Ministry of Industry is only practical, so its poems can be talented but not divine, powerful but not divine. Su Gong's poems, born into the WTO, are full of coarse words and whispers. They are always mysterious and strange, but they are nothing more than real feelings. They cover their talents and knowledge, and they are superior to two public figures, so they should be outstanding through the ages. Not as good as Du Fu and not as good as Li Yi. It's fate, and it's not too talented. ""Su Gong's poems are not as good as Lao Du's, but it would be strange to remove them. There is heaven and earth, only one person. "Servant taste six dynasties without poetry, TaoGong interested in poetry, thank my father-in-law interested in poetry, Yu Zi mediocre, no enough viewers. Lee and Dulles start from the beginning. Han, Liu, Yuan, Bai and Ou are poets. Sue, the god of poetry. He said that the Song Dynasty was not as good as the Tang Dynasty, and he had a good impression on Tian, so he really understood what poetry was. "
To put it simply, Yuan Hongdao repeatedly emphasized that Su Shi was a god in Tang and Song literature, and Du Li also lacked such talents as Su Shi, not to mention other poets. If we want to call the famous poets in Tang and Song Dynasties saints, Su Shi can only deify them.