The name of "Sixteen Things" was first seen in the Southern Song Dynasty's "Tongzhi Art and Literature", with Zhuge Liang's preface. Part of the content is similar to Zhuge Liang's art of war quoted in "Taiping Yulan". In the Qing dynasty, it was compiled into a collection of works, or it was considered that authenticity was mixed.
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Manage state affairs
Governing the country or the family. People who govern the family should establish their own foundation, which is the purpose of righteousness. The husband is the one who advocates the beginning; In the end, it should be harmonious. Initiator, heaven and earth also; Peace is everything. Nothing can be done unless the sky is not born, the land is not long and inhuman. Therefore, if Beichen is the mainstay, Taiwan is the assistant minister, the residence is the official family, and the star is for the people. Therefore, Beichen can't be changed, Taiwan can't be lost, and accommodation can't be wrong. This day is the same. Therefore, the pavilion is set up to observe astronomy, and the suburban worship is against the spirit and the gods, so it is also the foundation of serving the sky; Farming farmers, villages, mountains, rivers and rivers, praying in the temple, so the service is also the foundation; The ceremony of preface, the joy of eight women, the hall of fame and the ancestral temple with high walls, so serving others is also the foundation. Therefore, this person is always the law and rules. Round chisel can't be square, lead knife can't be cut, this very useful thing can't be successful, and very useful tools can't be clever. Therefore, if the sky loses its normal state, it will have a rebellious spirit; When the land loses its normality, it will wither and collapse; When people lose their normality, they will suffer. "Jing" says:' I am not the first king, so I dare not take it.' This is also called.
The monarch and his subjects
The government of the monarch and his subjects, such as the image of heaven and earth, is bright, and there are no props for the monarch and his subjects. The monarch takes giving as benevolence, and the minister takes things as righteousness. Two hearts can't serve the monarch, and doubtful politics can't grant ministers. Up and down the ceremony, the people are easy to make; Go up and down smoothly, then the props of the monarch and the minister will be gone. You use courtesy to make envoys, and I will serve you with loyalty. The monarch seeks his administration, and the minister seeks his affairs. Politician, name also; Those who do things also advise to work. You give him advice in politics and I give him advice in matters, and the road to fame and fortune is established. Therefore, your south is facing the sun, making its sound; I face the shade in the north and see its shape and scenery. Sound, fatwa also; The scenery is also effective. If Fatwa succeeds, it will succeed and everything will be blessed. It is based on three basic principles and six disciplines. Being a monarch and a minister at the top, a father and son at the middle, and a husband and wife at the bottom, each going his own way, will be rewarded. Up and down, courtesy-oriented; Father and son go up and down, taking kindness as their relatives; Couples rise and fall, with peace as the guarantee. You can't go wrong in class, you can't go wrong in class. Go up and waste the next song, go up and mess down. So the monarch is only responsible for his politics, and the minister is only responsible for his affairs. It is based on the political accomplishment of the monarch and the loyalty to the minister. Scholars think of wise teachers, and officials think of wise gentlemen. Therefore, the whole government was set up, and the position of Jue Lu was ordered by Chen Zhizheng, supplemented by Taiwan; Private does not mess with the public, evil does not do right, this prop of governing the country.
Vision and hearing
Audio-visual politics refers to seeing and listening to the voices. Small in shape but invisible, small in voice but inaudible. Therefore, Mingjun listens to the small and listens to the big, both inside and outside, and is as good as the outside. Therefore, the way to govern the country is to listen to and adopt the people's words and seek for them, and then take them as the eyes and the people's voices as the auxiliary ears. Therefore, the classic says,' the sage's heart is impermanent, and he takes the people as his heart.' Eyes for the heart, mouth for the heart, ears for the heart to listen, as the peace of mind. Therefore, if you have a heart, if the country has a monarch, everything is clear inside and outside. Observing the shape of the sun and the moon is not clear enough; It is not enough to hear thunder, so the old gentleman regards seeing more as wisdom and listening more as God. The husband does not smell the five tones, and there is no other palace affairs; If the five colors disappear, there will be no other mysterious yellow. People in Ming Taizu often stay up late, do business during the day and do private affairs at night. Either you can't smell it because you are complaining, or you can't believe it because you are loyal to goodness. If you don't hear complaints, you can't stretch them; If you don't accept the good, the loyal ones can't be trusted, and the evil ones tolerate their rape. So the book says,' Heaven regards himself and others, and Heaven listens to himself and others.' This is also called.
Nayan
The policy of receiving words is called remonstrance, so it is also remonstrance with the public. So, you have courtiers, and your father has courtiers. Unjust will be punished, let its beauty keep its evil. Evil is not right, beauty is irreversible; Obey evil and oppose beauty, and its country will be in danger. Your wife refuses to remonstrate, loyal ministers dare not participate, and evil ministers specialize in themselves and harm the country and the people. Therefore, there is a state-owned road, and it is dangerous to talk about it; If the country has no way, it is very dangerous to talk about the day, and there is nothing to say in the world. Therefore, Confucius was not ashamed to ask questions, and Duke Zhou was not ashamed to ask questions, so it became a masterpiece and was considered sacred by later generations. Therefore, the next place in the house leaks rain, stopping at the top, and the next place is not suitable for living.
Examine doubts
Investigating doubtful politics is to examine the color of Zhu Xi, which is different from the voice of court businessmen. Therefore, the red and purple are messy, and the voice of lewdness is suspected of joy. Chaos comes from afar, and doubt comes from confusion. Things are different, the color is the same. White stone is like jade, fools cherish it; Fish eyes are like pearls, fools take them; A fox is like a dog, a fool keeps it; Lick it like a melon, only fools eat it. Therefore, Zhao Gao refers to a deer as a horse, and the king of Qin does not doubt it; Fan Li praised Yue's beauty, but the prince of Wu was not puzzled. There is no certainty in planning doubt, and it is doubtful that things have not succeeded. Therefore, a saint can't have a clear meaning, but should trust her husband's divination and take advantage of his good or bad luck. The Book says,' If three people occupy it, they must follow their words.' And those who have great doubts,' peace with Shu Ren'. Therefore, Confucius said: "The rule of a wise monarch does not mean that people do not know each other, people do not know each other, and they do not suffer from external ignorance, but from internal ignorance. "Don't suffer from ignorance, and I don't know; I don't know how expensive it is to be widowed, and I don't know how cheap it is to be widowed. Therefore, a scholar dies as a confidant, a woman dies as a lover, a horse dies as a strategist, and God dies as a wise man. The old man decided to execute the sentence in prison and endured unknown pain. Either innocent or guilty; Or strong words, or weak hatred; Either straight waste, or crooked; Or being suspicious because of faith, or being killed because of loyalty, all these will lead to rebellion, disaster and disaster changes in heaven. Only Mingjun manages the prison case, asking whether his love words are true or false, watching his exchanges, watching his advance and retreat, listening to his voice and watching his depth. I'm afraid of crying and I'm late, but I still care. This resentment can't last. Look down on the thief, see that he dare not return, but listen while breathing, thinking about his stomach, aphasia, coming late and going fast, and dare not look back. This sinner wants to avoid himself. Confucius said,' Look what this is, what this is, what security this is for, and how thin people are! How thin people are! .
administrative staff
The way of governing people is called the way of weathering, so Chen shows it. Therefore, the classic says,' Chen Zhi acts with virtue, benevolence and righteousness, making clear his likes and dislikes, while the people know his prohibitions.' The sun and the moon are bright, and everyone looks up; The broadness of Gankun makes everything go smoothly. Based on the monarch of Yao and Shun, he contributed from afar; The betrayed Zhou Wang Jie; What moves people is nature, unless the sky is moving. Therefore, treat people like seedlings, first get rid of their filth. The prosperity of the old country is cut in the country, and the decline of the country is cut in the mountains. The rule of a wise monarch is to know the sufferings of the people, to be a soap servant and to be a minister of a small country. Therefore, soap clothes are omnipotent and can eat for the people, but people are hungry and chaotic. Only advise agriculture, there is no time to seize it; Only thin and rich, wealth is endless. So, isn't it appropriate for rich countries to settle down? People who have a husband and a family do not suffer from poverty or worry. Therefore, Tang Yu's administration is beneficial to the people's association, making use of the right time, distributing the right place, preparing for the next year is unfavorable, there is more than enough autumn grain, giving more than enough, making money all over the world, not taking roads and leaving the people. Therefore, in the world of five tyrants, there are more than enough people. Therefore, today's princes are interested in profit and enriching the people. Disasters are born together, and the strong and the weak invade each other. There are few people who work hard, and there are many authors in the end. The people are like floating clouds, and their hands and feet are uneasy. "Jing" says:' Cheap and exotic goods make people not thieves; Expensive and useless things will make people panic. "Doing your job well is the politics of saints. The ancients said that in Qi Jinggong, patients were extravagant and didn't pay attention to etiquette. Zhou Qin is suitable, just persuade the people. If the husband is a useless tool, he will collect useless goods; Shu Ren doesn't need gold, silver, jade, pearl jade and rare treasures from afar. Brilliant weaving group, and then continue the leading edge of silk, black and yellow clothes and silk, which is not Shu Ren's conviction. Carver, carver, skillful geisha, hardworking, obstructing farming, wandering in and out, wearing robes, which was not decorated by Shu Ren. It's not Shu Ren's home to paint animals, Xiao Qiang counts them, buries tombs indiscriminately, and is tired of wealth and nobles. " The Classic says, "I like hardworking and prudent people best to adopt their parents." Make it rich, use it politely, not extravagant in good years, not frugal in bad years, and always save it for future storage. Isn't this way of governing people suitable for the four seasons?
measure
The policy of taking measures is to take measures directly to waste. Governing the country with a husband is better than governing the body: the way to govern the body lies in self-cultivation; The way to govern the country is to cultivate talents; It is to raise spirits for survival and sages for peace. The support of the old country is like the pillar of the house; The column should not be thin and the auxiliary should not be weak; Rules are harmful, and weak ones are inclined. Therefore, the way to govern the country, take straight measures and abolish them, and its country will be safe. The husband column is mainly made of straight wood, supplemented by straight scholars; Naoki comes from the secluded forest, and Naoki comes from the public.
Therefore, when choosing an old man, you must ask for a secluded place, or have a treasure and a country, and your husband is in the same position; Or have a high talent, but I didn't see it; Or there is loyalty and filial piety, and the village does not lift it; Or live in seclusion for his ambition and do righteousness for his Tao; Or there are loyalists and cronies who are jealous. Yi people, Tang Zhaoxin and Cai Ji all have their own people, so they are safe. Therefore, the old gentleman rewarded merit, set up a position of scholar, refused to open officials, opened four doors to promote governance, and Xuandi hired seclusion to make the world return to the heart, and the unkind stayed away. My husband didn't raise it, and he didn't raise it; Poverty is the bottom, and wealth is the top; Loyal and far away, can't do it, why is it moral? If the country is in danger and the people are restless, it is wrong to lose a virtuous person. A husband loses his virtue without danger, gains his virtue without worry, and has no virtue. The election of officials is chaotic; Choose people to be officials and rule the world. So I still get married by hiring talents and seeking talents. A woman who doesn't marry herself is a rich woman. Therefore, women are attracted by money to achieve chastity, scholars are attracted by metaphysics to achieve fame, and their country is peaceful by hiring scholars with courtesy.
do textual research
To test politics is to eliminate evil and preserve good. Knowing God, knowing good and evil, all over the world, dare not leave the ministers of small countries, use the virtuous, retreat from greed and cowardice, understand the good, reach the national government, and gather all the virtuous, so he advised the good to be evil, and Chen took the blame. Therefore, we should understand people's sufferings by studying arrogant politics.
There are five kinds of sufferings: or some small officials use their power as traitors because of public interests and personal interests; Left hand holds Ge, right hand holds life; It is also a painful experience to invade officials at home and collect people from abroad. Or there have been heavy penalties and uneven laws and regulations; Innocent people are blamed and destroyed; Or if you commit a felony, you can be lenient, help the strong and restrain the weak, you can impose heavy penalties, and you can blame your feelings for no reason. Or there are people who accuse evil officials of harm, breaking their words, hiding their feelings, robbing and robbing refugees, which is not often abolished, and this is also bitter. Or there are some officers who are easy to keep and kill. They are also closely related to Zuo Wei's political affairs and private affairs. They are hated by others, forced to do whatever they want, biased and do not accept the legal system. What's more, they forcibly collect money, use lessons, send the old to welcome the new, and make a big profit, falsify reserves and make a big profit. This is also a painful experience. Or some county officials admire their work, and when they reward and punish, they make more decisions on matters that benefit the people and the cost of buying and selling, and specialize in prices. It is also bitter for the people to lose their jobs. These five things are harmful to the people. If there is such a thing, we must abandon it. Without these five things, you must move. So the book says,' After three years of performance appraisal, you are quiet and smart.'
Stop, attack the left and right. To measure the strength of the enemy, strike the enemy first. There are many people who don't know how to defend the country and the day of war, so there are very few people who can prepare for it. Prepare each other with your heart, attack each other with your strength, help each other with courage and timidity, move forward and backward, move left and right, like a snake in a long mountain, and reach both ends. This is also the way to save the troops. Therefore, the winner is full of strength, ambition, awareness and unpredictability.
Know its gains and losses through discussion, its safety through deception, its quantity through calculation, its life and death through form, its joys and sorrows through consideration, and its preparedness through planning. Therefore, soldiers were killed from birth, avoiding the real and playing the virtual. In the battle between mountains, don't look up to its height; In the battle on the water, don't sail against the current; The battle on the grass does not involve its depth; The battle of the flat ground was lost to its emptiness; The battle on the road is not to fight against its loneliness. These five things are the benefits of soldiers and the help of the land.
The husband's army became potential, and it was defeated by the leak; If you are hungry, you will lose. If you are thirsty, you should bow well. Tired of trouble and silence; Doubt that you don't fight, you are confused and profitable; Retreat from punishment and advance to reward; Weaker than seeing power, stronger than using potential; Trapped in a tight encirclement, I am afraid to come first; Surprised at night, confused in the dark; Obsessed with heresy, poor in Jedi; Lost in sudden death, gained in planning.
Therefore, raise a standard to see its eyes, hit the golden drum to listen to its ears, set an axe to adjust its heart, teach Chen to do the same, reward him to persuade him to do it, and punish him to prevent its forgery. I can't hear each other's voices during the day. I use a flag to do it. If you don't meet at night, the fire will rise; If the teaching orders are not obeyed, the axe will make them.
If you don't know the convenience of nine places, you won't know the way of nine changes. Knowing the yin and yang of the sky, knowing the name of the earth, and knowing people's hearts can take credit. He who knows him knows his enemies; If you don't know your people, you don't know your enemies; If you don't know your enemy, every battle will be dangerous. Therefore, the army's attack will definitely predict the hearts of its left and right foot soldiers. The way of five rooms, the relatives in the army, must be thick; You can't use it without wisdom, and you can't use it without benevolence. When the five houses have feelings, the people can use them and the state can protect them for a long time. Therefore, soldiers are prepared for survival, and they want to fight; Static and rational, dynamic and rational; Don't rely on the enemy to reach, rely on our invulnerability. Try to be near, be relaxed about fatigue, be full of hunger, treat the empty reality, treat the death of life, treat the crowding of widows, treat the declining prosperity and wait for the future. The whole sound, the drum of the hall, should be before it, but after it; Consolidate its obstacles, but manage its appearance, entrust its benefits, and be soft to harm. This is the only way to run the army. Reward and punishment
The reward and punishment policy is to reward the good and punish the evil. Reward those who have made meritorious deeds, and punish those who have raped them; Reward shall not be uneven, and punishment shall not be uneven. The reward knows what he has done, and the warrior knows what he has died; If punishment is known, so is evil. Therefore, rewards should not be given in vain, and punishments should not be added indiscriminately. If you reward me with nothing, I will complain; if you punish me with nothing, I will hate you. This is because the mutton soup is not straight, and the king of Chu broke his promise.
The husband will hold the power of life and death: life and death, death and death, unknown anger, unknown rewards and punishments, frequent killing orders, and taking private as public are the fifth greatest dangers in this country. The reward and punishment are unknown, and Fatwa does not obey; Kill and live, traitors can't help it; Must be born and killed, and the foot soldiers will be scattered; Anger is unknowable, and it is not enough; If the rewards and punishments are unknown, you will not persuade to work; Improper politics and religion, not obeying the law and discipline; Take private as public, people have two hearts. Therefore, the traitors can't help, but they won't last long; If the foot soldiers are scattered, they will be few; Without strength, there is no enemy; If I am not advised to work, there will be no strong support; If the law is not observed, things will be ignored; A man with two hearts is in danger. Therefore, prevent rape with politics and save luxury with thrift; Loyalty can make prison management, and honesty can make rewards and punishments. If rewards and punishments are not bent, people will die. There are hungry people on the road and fat horses in the stable. It can be said that the dead are self-sufficient and the thin are self-sufficient. Therefore, the old gentleman first raised and then rewarded, shilling and then punished, and then people attached, feared and loved, and acted without orders. Reward and punishment are not correct, loyal ministers die without guilt, and evil ministers rise without work. If you don't avoid revenge, then Qi Huan has Guanzhong's merit; If relatives are punished, Duke Zhou has the name of killing his brother. "Book" said:' Be impartial and not party, the king swings; Non-partisan, impartial, the king is equal. "This is also called.
glad
Politics of emotions means whether you like it or not, and whether you are angry or not; Between anger and anger, we must distinguish clearly. Those who are too angry to be innocent are like those who can be killed; When you are angry, you must not be unknown. Don't be guilty when you are happy, and don't be innocent when you are angry; Don't act rashly when you are angry. If you do selfish things and waste your merits, you won't be angry in private, but you must use all your heart to start a war. If you go to war with personal anger, you will lose wholeheartedly. Anger cannot be redeemed, nor can joy be redeemed. Therefore, the text is the first, and the military is the last. First won, then lost, and when Mr. Wang got angry, he regretted it; An angry dynasty, thus perished. So a gentleman is brave but not fierce, angry but not angry, worried but not afraid, happy but not happy. What can be angered, plus power, power and punishment, punishment will be raped by many people. No power, no penalty; If the punishment is not correct, the country will perish if all evils are not committed.
Eliminate chaos
The solution to the chaos, that is, the provincial officials are in the same position, is also qualitative. If the husband is infinite, it will be chaotic; If you don't cut the fiber, you will become a demon. If the husband's three cardinal principles are not correct and the six disciplines are not observed, there will be chaos. Therefore, the ruler, if the circle is not broken, it will stand, and if it is not broken, it will end.
Politics does not lose its way, everything can be achieved, and merit can be guaranteed. There are different reasons for the chaos among the three armed forces. A wise monarch governs his discipline, and politics takes precedence. Manage the outline first, then the discipline; Order first, then punish; First close, then far; First manage the inside, then manage the outside; Manage the book first, then the tail; Strong reasoning first, then weak reasoning; Manage big first, then manage small; Manage first, then manage; Take care of yourself first, then others. It is the way to govern the country to follow the rules, punish orders, be reasonable near, be far away, be strong, be weak, be small, and be upright.
Instructions
Fatwa's policy is that the upper level is the lower level. If you don't speak illegally, you can't do it unless it is Tao. What you have done on earth is what people expect. It is against politics to let go of yourself and teach others; To teach others by yourself is to follow the government. Therefore, an old gentleman is right first, and then he acts according to his orders. If you don't obey the rules, you will be in trouble if you don't obey. Therefore, it is the way of the monarch, with fatwa as the first and punishment as the last; To fight without teaching is to abandon it. There are five ways to learn to use soldiers first: first, let the eyes learn the skills of changing flags and pointing people; Second, let the ears be familiar with the sound of the golden drum, and the action will stop; Third, make the mind learn to punish severely and reward interests; Four: make the hand learn the convenience of the five soldiers and prepare for the war; Five: Accustom your feet to the world trend and advance and retreat moderately; Hence the name Five Religions.
Each has its own way. Teach Qinglong on the left, White Tiger on the right, Suzaku before, Xuanwu and Central Xuanyuan after. Where the general is, the spear is left and the halberd is right, the crossbow is behind the front shield, and the flag is the drum. The flag is moving, the drum is ringing, the gold is ringing, and the command is behind. The honest way is the master of the drum: one drum, raise its green flag, and be straightforward; The second drum, raising the red flag, is sharp; Drum on three sides, holding a yellow flag, is Chen Fang; Drum on all sides, holding a white flag, is round; On all sides, holding its black flag, it is Qu Chen. Straight Chen, also; Rui Chen, fire Chen Ye; Fang, native of Kerwin Chen; Round Chen, also; Qu Chen, Shui Chenye. Chen of the five elements, toss and turn, rush to win, live to save, win to fight; Help each other and win each other. Where the method of "five Chen" is combined, five people are one long, five long divisions are one division, five divisions are one branch, five branches are one fire, five fires are one collision, and five collisions are one army, then sergeant is assigned. It is convenient for husbands and soldiers to benefit, and we must know how to be frugal. The short man holds a spear and halberd, the old man holds a crossbow, the strong man holds a standard, the brave man holds a golden drum, the weak man gives food and pasture, and the wise man seeks the Lord. Compared with the village, five guarantees, one drum is all right, two drums learn, three drums eat, four drums are strict, and five drums will do. Listen to drums and gold, raise the flag, send troops in two places, sound drums and three links, and carry forward the banner. Send troops to reward the first attacker, and those who retreat will be beheaded. This is also a fatwa.
Wavey
Cutting off politics means not obeying the laws of fatwa. There are seven methods: one is light, the other is slow, the third is stealing, the fourth is cheating, the fifth is cheating, the sixth is chaos, and the seventh is mistake, which is also forbidden to run the army. If the interruption continues, there will be chaos. Just set an axe and wait. Those who disobey orders will be punished. The military law is different, and the punishment is too light to commit, and the offender is beheaded. If you can't smell the drums before the meeting, you can take advantage of the wide and keep yourself, and avoid returning. Be far away when you are near at first, and don't call names. You have no armor or weapons. This is a light unit, and you will be beheaded. No orders, no orders, confusing officials, no drums, no flags. This is called a slow army, and the slow one will cut it. No food, no reinforcements, and uneven ceremony. If you are loved by a private person, you take something that doesn't belong to you, and you don't repay the loan, in order to win the first place and win its merits. This is called stealing the army, and those who steal the army will be beheaded. Change your name, clothes are not fresh, flags are broken, golden drums are gone, weapons are not sharpened, weapons are not firm, arrows are missing, crossbows are missing, and the method is not good. This is cheating the army, cheating the army. If you can't hear the drums and Jinsheng Huang, you can't raise the flag, you can't raise the flag, you don't listen to the command, you avoid entering and retreating, you move, you break the crossbow, but you don't fight back, or you can't save yourself. This is called returning to the army, and those who return to the army will be beheaded. When leaving the army, the foot soldiers scrambled to disturb them, and the horses and chariots were connected, and the road was blocked. After that, you can't go first, shout and ignore, lose orders, slander weapons, ignore the length, and go up and down. This is called a disorderly army, and the disorderly army will be beheaded. When stopping camp, ask the village, be like brothers, * * * eat and protect each other, insurmountable, forcibly join his army, make a mistake, stop, enter and leave the camp, don't help the portal, don't tell the truth, share the same crime, drink together, take private gains, give a big warning, and suspect officials. This is called the wrong army. After cutting off, everything makes sense.
think
Thinking about politics means thinking about being near and thinking about being far away. If a husband has no long-term worries, he will have near worries, and a gentleman cannot think about his position. Thinking is also seeking; People who think things think things. It is not his position not to seek his own politics, nor is it his career not to consider his own plans. Great things begin with difficulty, and small things begin with ease. Therefore, if you want to benefit from it, you must worry about its harm; If you want to succeed, you must worry about its failure. This is a nine-fold platform. Although it is high, it will be very bad. Therefore, those who look up to the heights should not neglect their subordinates, and those who look up to the former should not neglect their followers. Based on attacking Zheng, the second son knows its harm; The prince of Wu was defeated by Yue Nv, and Zi Xu knew his defeat; Danger by horse, gong know its harm; Song Xianggong coach car, knowing its negative. The wisdom and thoughts of all this can be described as clear as a bell. The husband followed Chen's track and chased the drowning man to the front. What's there? Therefore, Qin Cheng's bullying is not as good as Yao Shun's. A husband is born in danger, dies in existence, and is governed by chaos. A gentleman knows everything from the beginning to the end, and there is no way to start a disaster. So is this thoughtful politics.
Yincha
The politics of yin inspection is a metaphor for things to understand their meaning. Trauma leads to loneliness, and upper confusion leads to lower suspicion; Doubt means that relatives don't need it, and confusion means that people lose their degrees; Loss is chaos, chaos is national danger, and national danger is worry. Just thinking about the distance, worrying about safety and danger. The rich get their ambitions, but the poor lose their time. They love to spend too much money, hoard too much and die too much. They used up their wealth and bought from each other. They don't know anything. People who worry about a lot of things are bored, and boredom is born of laziness. If the ship leaks, water will enter and the bag will be empty; The mountains are small without animals, the water is shallow without fish, and the trees are weak without nests; If the wall is broken and the house is tilted, the dike will definitely rise; It was the servant who ran and left late; Those who take advantage of the danger are shallow, those who walk on the ice are afraid, those who wade in the spring are drowned, those who swim in the water are unlucky, those who lose their companions are far away, and those who are dishonest are faithless. Lip death, cold teeth, hair loss. A private person talks nonsense, and the listener is naturally annoyed. Those who are good at calculating win, and those who are not good at calculating score. Good advice to evil is like spring rain. Kirin is easy to ride, but tapir is difficult to learn. Those who can't see are blind, and those who can't hear are deaf. Root injury leads to leaf wilting, leaf wilting leads to flower falling, and flower falling leads to true death. The details of the column are tilted, and the details are twisted to the end, and all the small ones collapse. Don't distinguish between black and white, abandon soil and take stones, tiger and sheep. The clothes are mended, and the clothes are short. The hand that cuts the knife hurts, and the foot that jumps hurts. You don't have to wash the river, but it's dirty; Horses don't have to be arrogant, but they must be sick; You don't need to be a saint to be smart. In short, there are five virtues: first, forbidding violence and stopping soldiers; second, rewarding the virtuous and punishing the evil; third, being kind to others; fourth, ensuring great achievements; and fifth, resisting criticism. This is the so-called five virtues.