Su Shi is the representative of the highest literary achievement in Song Dynasty, and he has made great achievements in poetry, ci, writing, calligraphy and painting. His poems are broad in subject matter, fresh and healthy, good at exaggeration and metaphor, and unique in style. He is also called "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian. His words are bold and unconstrained, and they are both bold and unconstrained representatives with Xin Qiji, and they are called "Su Xin"; His prose creation is rich and unrestrained, and he is also called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, and he is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi is also good at books and is one of the "Song Sijia"; He is good at painting, especially at ink bamboo, strange stones and dead wood. There are seven episodes of Dongpo, Yi Zhuan of Dongpo and Yuefu of Dongpo.
Su Shi is a rare all-rounder in the world and a well-deserved son of heaven. Because of his personality, he is unconventional and active in many fields. Even in terms of diet, Dongpo meat has been created and passed down from generation to generation. Such talented people are bound to show their talents in the field of calligraphy closely related to literature.
Although Su Shi has an innate talent, like other geniuses, his life is full of ups and downs. And his calligraphy art, under the banner of "respecting meaning", shows his heroic and open-minded life philosophy.
Su Shi's calligraphy is called "Su Ti" in the world, and his student Huang Tingjian has systematically expounded its development process.
Dongpo once imitated Xu Huiji when he was young, and his pen was round and full of charm. When people reach middle age, they like Yan Shangshu. If he really does something unexpected, he wants to be poor, but he likes Li Beihai's Night Book, which is equally heroic.
Taoist Dongpo learned Lanting in a few days, so his book looks like Xu Jihai. When you get drunk, you forget yourself. The words are very thin and powerful, like Liu Cheng hanging. In middle age, I like to learn from Yan and Yang Fengzi. They get along well with each other. As for the use of pens to round the rhyme, relying on articles to make the world wonderful and loyalty to penetrate the atmosphere of the sun and the moon, this dynasty should be the first.
In the Song Dynasty, when calligraphy was declining, Su Shi found another way. Apart from the famous elementary school students in Ouyang Yu, Yan Liu in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, he also summarized and practiced his own calligraphy.
He admired Yan Shu, and chose "Dong Fangshuo Painting Praise" and "Striving for Seats" as two modes that best suit his temperament.
Dong Fangshuo's painting praise is characterized by "clear-mindedness", while the seat-occupying post reveals Yan Zhenqing's temperament of "loyalty, indignation, frustration and depression", which is quite in line with the meaning of "respecting meaning".
What best embodies Su Shi's spirit of "respecting meaning" is his running script.
The biggest turning point in Su Shi's political career was that he was implicated in Wutai poetry case and was demoted to Huangzhou.
In Huangzhou, although Su Shi is still the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Yong ying, he has actually become an imperial prisoner who has no real power and is controlled by others. Although he is in such a difficult situation, he is not depressed. Su Shi cultivated the fields here, studied Buddhism and Zen, and gradually integrated Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, which greatly changed his thoughts and attitude towards life.
He wrote in Ding Feng:
Bamboo poles and sandals are more dexterous than riding horses. What's to be afraid of? Spend a life covered with straw in fog and rain.
This heroic significance is also manifested in the word order:
On March 7th, it was raining on Shahu Road, and all the servants with rain gear left. The same people felt embarrassed, but I didn't think so. The rain gear comes first, and the peers are in chaos. I didn't know it at first, but when I found out, I pretended to use this word.
The open-minded Su Shi speaks freely and has eaten all the stormy waves. How can natural wind and rain be true?
During Su Shi's stay in Huangzhou, Du Fu's Alder Poetry and the famous Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry were the most wonderful works, which were the third running books in the world.
Du Fu's Alder Poems
Huangzhou cold food poems
Different from the dilution and fusion of Alnus cremastogyne, Cold Food Sticker truly integrated Su Shi's emotion and wrote the pain of exile.
When Su Shi saw the crow holding the paper, he vaguely remembered that it was the anniversary of the death of Jie Zitui. The experience of meson pushing innocent people to be killed is very similar to his own experience of being suspected for no reason. So sadness came from it and wrote the sadness of ancient loyal ministers.
Cold Food Post is the most wonderful and outstanding work in Su Shi's calligraphy. It is the crackling sound of the collision between birth and WTO entry, and it can be described as a "five-in-one" boutique with respect for law and will.
Huangzhou is also the feng shui ridge and turning point of Su Shi's calligraphy. After Huangzhou, Su Shi's calligraphy officially turned to "Shang Yi".
"Jin, Fa, Song Shangyi and Thai" is an induction of Qing people.
Shangyi is adapted from Su Shi's poems;
I can't make a book with my heart, I'd love to.
"Meaning" means inner feelings and rich associations, and "respecting meaning" means attaching importance to the author's subjective feelings and pursuing the freedom of creative mentality. Since Su Shi, "Shang Yi" has gradually formed a relatively perfect theoretical system with several characteristics.
1, despising Buddhism and advocating ecstasy.
Su Shi went from "Fa" to "Fa" and went through a tortuous ideological process. Among them, the theories of "Zen" and "breaking insistence" have great influence on Su Shi. "Breaking persistence" means breaking the true laws and the true self's persistence.
Su Shi once laughed at Zhang Dun and Cai Bian who visited Lanting in Japan. He believes that "workers are not complacent about copying" and are bound by "law" and will not achieve great success.
After this book and Lin Jing Chu Shi's poem.
2. Advocating innovation and individuality.
Su Shi's calligraphy creation is grandstanding, contrary to the world style, and only seeks quickness and handsomeness. He is slow in writing, flat in structure, easy to write, thick in ink and easy to use with a single hook, creating a unique calligraphy image. The "Pingpang" of his calligraphy was even ridiculed by his student Huang Tingjian, and was ridiculed as "a toad with broken stones". In this regard, Su Shi confidently said:
This kind of paper can be used to cut money and sacrifice to ghosts. Dongpo tried to write on it by accident. After 500 years, it will be as straight as a hundred gold, and the extremes will be reversed!
3. Advocating nature and expressing one's mind.
Su Shi chose Yan Zhenqing's "contending for seats" as his calligraphy model, mainly because he wanted it to be "natural and dynamic", which was his lifelong goal.
Chibifu
4. Pay attention to learning and be interested in students.
Scholars in Song Dynasty like to write essays, and Su Shi is a master of miscellaneous books and essays. He regards the nourishment of learning to calligraphy as supreme, which can be described as "the spirit of learning literature is depressed, and Sandy comes from pen and ink", forming the "morale" or "bookish spirit" that later generations admire. Su Shi warned his sons and nephews:
It's not enough to give a refund. Reading thousands of books is the beginning of understanding.
This is the portrayal of poetry and calligraphy.
As the brightest star among the bright stars in the Song Dynasty, Su Shi also has rich and colorful life experiences and literary talents. He is the absolute protagonist in the calligraphy drama of the Song Dynasty. He made the adaptability of calligraphy from flourishing to mainstream, and his personality charm and his works have been passed down through the ages.