Lu Yu, also known as Hung-chien, is a patient with seasonal defects. He was named Sang Ningweng and Elf. Born in the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he was born in Jingling County, Fuzhou. Jingling County is now Tianmen County, Hubei Province. In the Tang dynasty, jingling county had canals and canals. The poet Pi Rixiu described it this way: "There are thousands of hectares of rice everywhere on the roadside, and there is a lotus outside the house." Lu Yu grew up in such a land of fish and rice with beautiful scenery, but his personal experience was extremely bumpy. Perhaps it is an old saying: "Heaven will send a great task to Sri Lanka, so we must work hard first, starve its body, its skin and its ambition." Different from ordinary people's experience, Lu Yu created an extraordinary life.
According to the records in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty and Biography of Talented Persons in the Tang Dynasty, Lu Yu was abolished in the 23rd year of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty (AD 735) because of his unattractive appearance. Lu Yu was only three years old. I don't know who his parents are, and he was adopted by the local Longgai Temple and the monk Jigong Zen Master outside the west gate of Tianmen County, Hubei Province. Autobiography of Ruben is a biography written by Lu Yu at the age of twenty-nine, with high credibility. He wrote in his autobiography: "I don't know who has the appearance of Zhong Xuan and Yang Meng in the word Hung-chien;" Like stuttering with Ziyun. "Lu Yu's name is also quite conscious. According to legend, when Lu Yu was old, he took Yi as his own condition, which gradually occupied him. Liu Yi said, "Hung-chien is on the ground, and his feathers can be used as utensils, which is auspicious. "It means that the swan goose is in the sky, there are avenues in all directions, two feathers are dancing, and the action team is neat and orderly, which is a good omen to follow. According to this divination, Lu Yu, who had no name at that time, gave himself a name, namely Lu, Yu and Hung-chien. This seems to show: this is cheap, but it is the arrogance of heaven; From parents, like heaven.
Master Jigong, who adopted Lu Yu, was a famous monk in the Tang Dynasty. It is said that Master Ji was summoned to the palace and given special courtesy, which shows that he is a well-read person. Accumulate good tea and stir-fry good tea, so Lu Yu learned tea art from an early age, and his teaching also deeply understood Buddhism. However, after all, the Buddhist career of morning bell and evening drum, as well as learning to recite scriptures and practice, is too boring for a child. Lu Yu was bent on learning Confucius and Mencius and was not interested in copying Buddhist scriptures, but he was interested in Jigong's love of tea and tea art. At the age of nine, Lu Yu actually asked Master Jigong, "A disciple of the division died without a brother or an heir. Confucianism says there are three kinds of unfilial, and there is no queen. Can a monk be called filial piety? " Master Jigong was very angry and made him repent by increasing his labor. At that time, Lu Yu was punished for sweeping the temple, cleaning the monk's toilet, building mud walls, giving tile houses and herding cattle with 120 hooves. Lu Yu read Confucian books while herding cattle, and was later sent to the temple garden to mow grass and grow flowers.
/kloc-at the age of 0/2, Lu Yu left the temple, wandered the Jianghu, studied drama in a troupe and became an actor. Although Lu Yu was ugly and stuttered, he was "a wise man" (Autobiography of Lu Literature). He is very talented. He can write a script, and he is "humorous over a thousand words", and his acting skills are very talented. He is good at clowns, humorous and successful.
The fifth year of Tang Tianbao (AD 746) was an important turning point in Lu Yu's life. In a performance, he was appreciated by Richie, the prefect of Jingling. Rich, the great-grandson of Huainan Wang Li Shentong, is descended from the royal family. He is honest and has achieved a lot. He once opened three pillars to transport water to the Yellow River. After being framed by Li Linfu, he was demoted as the satrap of Jingling by the Governor of Henan Province. Ricky helped Lu Yu leave the troupe and went to Huomen Mountain outside Jingling to learn Confucianism from Master Zou. Since then, Lu Yu has studied classics and devoted himself to poetry and fu.
In the 11th year of Tianbao (AD 752), Lu Yu went down the mountain. At that time, Ricky had returned to the capital, and Lu Yu happened to meet Cui, a minister of rites who was demoted to the secretariat of Jingling. Cui also loves talents. She fell in love with Lu Yu at first sight and became friends for many years. Cui is good at five-character poems, and Lu Yu gets along with them and benefits a lot.
Three years later, Cui left Jingling. When he left, he gave Lu Yu a white-headed black cow and a written letter: "White-headed black cow, Li Cheng, the magistrate of Xiangyang, saw the legacy and wrote a written letter, so he was given it by assistant minister Lu Huangmen. Everything is different. Suitable for savage riding and storage. Therefore, it is a special gift. " This shows the deep friendship between them.
In the 14th year of Tianbao (AD 755), An Shi Rebellion broke out. At that time, Lu Yu, who was twenty-four or five years old, left his hometown with the refugees, first went to Jiangxi, and then to Huzhou in 756 AD, where he met the poet of Miaoxi Temple in Shushan, southwest of the city. Jiao Ran, a native of Huzhou, is the tenth grandson of Xie Lingyun, a famous poet in the Southern Dynasties. He is both a poet and a tea monk, and Lu Yu has forged an unforgettable friendship with him. As the northern part of Huzhou is peaceful, and it is also a famous tea producing area, during this period, Lu Yu traveled to major tea areas, learned the experience and methods of tea farmers, and traveled to Lushan Mountain, and chose pengze county to build a house and abandon his official to live in seclusion.
In the second year of Gan Yuan (AD 759), Lu Yu went to Maoshan, Jiangsu Province to observe tea affairs. It should be said that this period is a growth period for Lu Yu. Before that, although he had learned how to make and taste tea in Master Jigong, he still didn't know much about the real tea ceremony and the basic technology of tea. The appearance of anxiety undoubtedly made up for his shortcomings. Lu Yu gained a deeper understanding of the tea ceremony through his association with Jiao Ran, so some people later said that Jiao Ran was the person who instructed Lu Yu to write the Tea Classic.
In the early years of Shang Yuan Dynasty (AD 760), Lu Yu returned to Huzhou to sort out the collected information about tea affairs and began to write a book called Tiaoxi Caotang Jiao Ran. During this period, Lu Yu met Dai Shulun, Huang Furan and other local officials, who also had a strong interest in tea. There is an autobiography of Lu literature as proof: "Building a house by the Tiaoxi River, the door is closed to the books, not miscellaneous. The famous monk Gao Shi, Tan Yan Yong Ri. " Lu Yu not only observed the growth and processing of tea, but also focused on analyzing the quality of tea, learning good tea-making methods and summing up a set of rules. He also personally designed the wind stove for cooking tea, and cast the event of calming Anshi on the tripod, marked with the words "Tang Dynasty gave birth to and destroyed Hu Nianzao" to show the broad mind of tea people enjoying the happiness on earth.
In the eighth year of Dali (AD 773), Yan Zhenqing was relegated to Huzhou as a secretariat. Yan Zhenqing is good at calligraphy and is highly praised by the literary world. As soon as he set foot in Huzhou, he was attracted by the beautiful scenery of Chashan, a water town in the south of the Yangtze River, and became a central figure in Huzhou cultural circles for a while. Yan Guang made friends with scholars and famous monks in the south of the Yangtze River, and Lu Yu and Jiao Ran became his literary friends. Together with Lu Yu, Jiao Ran and many other scholars, he compiled The Source of Sea Clouds, which was completed the following year and presented to the court. This participation in writing a book is very helpful for Lu Yu to deepen Confucianism and integrate the idea of moderation and harmony into the spirit of tea culture in the Book of Tea. In order to thank Lu Yu, Jiao Ran and other scholars for their help, Yan Zhenqing specially built a pavilion in Shandong Nangang. It is called "Sangui Pavilion" (due to the completion of Guichounian, Guimaoshuo and Guihai Day). This pavilion was designed by Lu Yu himself, inscribed by Yan Zhenqing, and inscribed by Jiao Ran: "Autumn is full of hills, and the columns are lingering on the left. The pavilion is three years old and its toes are adjacent to the temple. "
In the 10th year of Dali (AD 775), under the care of Yan Zhenqing, Lu Yu had his own home-Qingtang. It created good conditions for the completion of the Tea Classic.
In the 12th year of Dali (AD 777), the emperor conferred the title of Yan Zhenqing as the minister of punishments. After Yan Zhenqing entered Beijing, he recommended Liu Yu as a blessing to Taichang Temple, but Liu Yu refused to accept his resignation. Out of courtesy, Lu Yu visited Yan Zhenqing in Chang 'an, Kyoto.
In the first year of Jianzhong (AD 780), with the help of friends, Lu Yu's disgusting and bloody Tea Classic was officially engraved.
In the following days, Lu Yu came to Xinzhou to open a tea garden and continued to study tea affairs. In the eighth year of Zhenyuan (AD 792), Lu Yu returned to Qingtang, Huzhou, and began his life of writing books. After three years' efforts, three volumes of Xing Wu Li Guan Ji and one volume of Huzhou Secretariat Ji were completed. In the eleventh year of Zhenyuan, he swam to Jinguai Mountain (southern Hunan) and wrote a volume of Water Products. The following year, he lived in Suzhou, tasted Huqiu Spring, diverted water to grow loose tea, and returned to Huzhou in the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan.
In the twentieth year of Zhenyuan (AD 804), Lu Yu died in Qingtang.
Jiao Ran wrote a poem to Lu Yu, which vividly described Lu Yu's life: "Taihu Lake is east and west, and Wu Zhuyou is in front of the mountain. I can't see my thoughts, I am proud of myself. " Lu Yu is not a monk, but better than a monk, wandering around and bowing to drink tea; Brilliant, arrogant, never an official in his life, but respected by many officials and literati, often becoming their guests; Attach importance to friendship and keep promises; Growing up in a Buddhist temple, he invaded Confucianism; Lonely, lofty and indifferent, I traveled all over the main tea-producing areas in China.
The poem "Six Worship Songs" written by him to repay his teacher's kindness best represents the essence of his thought: "Do not envy the golden lamp, do not envy the white jade cup; Do not envy entering the province, do not envy sunset Taiwan; Thousands of people have raised the Xijiang River and have already gone to Jingling City? "