kind
Nutritional analysis
Suitable crowd
Cooking instruction
Tiantuan management
Collection and processing of bracken
Bracken processing
Production method of wild bracken
Preservation technology
Replication technology
Key points of cultivation
food therapy
Medicinal value
Medical function
historical materials
Dietotherapy value:
Basic introduction of carcinogenesis
kind
Nutritional analysis
Suitable crowd
Cooking instruction
Tiantuan management
Collection and processing of bracken
Bracken processing
Production method of wild bracken
Key points of preservation technology and propagation technology: cultivation of dietotherapy function, medicinal value, historical materials of medical function, dietotherapy value: carcinogenicity
[Edit this paragraph] Basic introduction
Pteridium aquilinum is also called fist dish, cat's paw and leading dish (called "wolf" in some areas). Scientific name: Pteridium aquilinum var. Musculus platysma Chinese name: fern, also known as leading dish, ruyi dish, etc. It belongs to Pterisdaceae. Likes to be born in sunny plots in shallow mountainous areas, and is mostly distributed in sparse mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests. Its edible part is unexpanded young leaf buds. Pteridium aquilinum is a pollution-free green potherb, which is wild in forests, Shan Ye and pine forests. It is not only rich in vitamins needed by human body, but also has the effects of clearing intestine, invigorating stomach, relaxing tendons and activating collaterals. Blanch bracken with boiling water before eating, then soak it in cold water to remove the odor, and you can eat it. The processed bracken tastes fragrant and smooth, and with seasoning, it is cool and refreshing, which is a rare top-class dining table. It can also be fried, processed into dried vegetables, stuffed, pickled and canned.
Botanical characteristics Pteridium aquilinum is a perennial herb of Polypodiaceae. The underground rhizome is dark brown, long and horizontally extending, with a diameter of 0.6-0.8 cm, a length of 10 cm or more and a longest of 30 cm. Leaves grow from underground stems, which are three-pinnate compound leaves with a total length exceeding 100 cm and slightly triangular. The first 1 lobe is opposite, the second lobe is oblong-lanceolate, pinnately divided, the lobule is linear-oblong, the dorsal midvein is hairless or hairless, and the veinlets are pinnately branched. Leaf margin curled inward. When the petiole is tender, there are fine hairs, and after grassing, the stem is smooth and the hairs disappear. In early summer, the reproductive organs, that is, ascomycetes, are embedded in leaves, which are ochre-brown.
Pteridium aquilinum is generally one meter high, with long and horizontal roots and dark brown fluff. In early spring, the new leaves are fist-rolled and three-pronged. The stems and leaves are tender and covered with white fluff, which is the harvest time. The petiole is 30- 100 cm long, and the leaves are triangular, 60- 150 cm long and 30-60 cm wide. Pinnate division 2-3 times, and the lower pinna is opposite. Brown sporangium is continuously born on the edge of leaves, with double-layer capsule.
Every 100 g of fresh bracken contains 0.43g of protein, 0.39g of fat, 3.6g of sugar, 0.45g of organic acid and various vitamins. Can be used as vegetables, such as maltose, biscuits, lotus root starch, pharmaceutical additives, etc. Regular consumption can treat hypertension, dizziness, uterine bleeding, arthritis and other symptoms, and prevent measles and flu.
Sweet, cold and astringent, non-toxic.
Meridian tropism enters the large intestine and bladder.
Indications: dysentery, proctoptosis.
It shows that Pteridium aquilinum is thick and rich in starch, so it is called Pteridium aquilinum or Pteridium aquilinum powder, which can be used as vermicelli and vermicelli. Its tender shoots curl like fists, so it is also called "fist dish". Born in the cool and humid place of the mountain forest, it is a kind of wild vegetable that people in the southern mountainous areas of China like to eat. When eating, remove leaves and roots, blanch in boiling water 1 min, soak in clear water1min, soak to remove astringency, season with oil and salt, and return to the pot for frying. Because of its astringent taste, it has astringent and therapeutic effects on proctoptosis.
[Edit this paragraph] category
There are many kinds of bracken, and the varieties in different regions have their own characteristics. Generally speaking, according to the source, it can be divided into the following categories:
(1) Pteridium aquilinum in Chengde, Hebei Province Pteridium aquilinum in Chengde, Hebei Province is a famous wild vegetable with an area of more than 33,000 hectares, mainly distributed in Longhua, Fengning, Pingquan and Kuancheng. The annual output of the whole region is 1000 tons, which is the main production base of bracken in China.
(2) Pteris Liaoning Pteris Liaoning is distributed in the mountainous areas of Liaoning Province, especially in the eastern mountainous areas. Mainly exported to Japan and other countries, the domestic market is also very popular.
(3) Pteridium aquilinum is distributed all over Inner Mongolia, but the main producing areas are Chifeng City and Xing 'an League, with an annual output of about 200 tons. The local picking period is in June.
(4) Pteridium aquilinum var. Heilongjiang is distributed in the alpine zone with an altitude of 200-800 meters, and most of them are mixed with weeds. It was unearthed in mid-May and can be harvested from late May to the beginning of the month.
(5) Pteridium is widely distributed in Guizhou, and there are many kinds of edible pteridophytes. Among them, the local picking period of Pteridium aquilinum is from mid-March to August.
(6) Pteridium aquilinum is also distributed in Yueyang mountain areas, such as Miluo and Zhangshan. The local spring is the picking period of bracken. After June or so, bracken takes shape and cannot be eaten. The local bracken is scattered, and farmers usually pick some to eat and entertain guests.
[Edit this paragraph] Nutritional analysis
1. Pteridium aquilinum has certain inhibitory effect on bacteria, and can be used for persistent fever, intestinal wind-heat toxicity, eczema, ulcer and other diseases. Has good effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, sterilizing and diminishing inflammation;
2. Some effective components of Pteridium aquilinum can dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure;
3. Crude fiber can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis and has the effect of reducing qi and relaxing bowels;
4. Pteridium aquilinum can clear the intestines and detoxify, and Pteridium aquilinum is commonly used to treat diarrhea and dysuria, which has certain curative effect;
5. Pteridium aquilinum can be made into vermicelli, which can replace grain to satisfy hunger, tonify spleen and qi, strengthen physical fitness and enhance disease resistance;
[Edit this paragraph] Suitable for the crowd
The general population can eat it. People with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold should use it with caution. Ordinary people should not eat more.
[Edit this paragraph] Cooking instructions
1. Pteridium aquilinum can be eaten raw or dried. Blanch it with boiling water and dry it. Soak your hair in warm water when you eat, and then cook all kinds of delicious dishes;
2. Fresh products should also be scalded with boiling water before eating, and then cooled to remove the sticky and earthy smell on their surfaces;
3. Fried food is suitable with eggs and meat.
[Edit this paragraph] field management
(1) Fertilization for open-field cultivation needs 3-4 years renewal 1 time, so before planting, farm manure and phosphate fertilizer should be fully applied, and the application rate is organic fertilizer 1000 ~ 1500 kg/mu and diammonium phosphate 10 kg/mu. After the second year, chicken manure, pig manure and horse manure should be used as plastic film every autumn, turned into the soil layer and loosened. This not only increases the soil fertility, loosens the soil, but also plays the role of heat preservation, cold prevention and moisture retention. If the manure source is insufficient, it can also cover fallen leaves, which also has certain effects.
(2) When planting with water and drainage, water should be poured into the planting ditch to ensure the survival rate of planting. The accumulated water in rainy season should be removed in time to avoid waterlogging.
(3) After planting bracken roots, in order to prevent drought and improve the survival rate, the ground should be covered with straw and fallen leaves, with a thickness of 2 ~ 3 cm, and plastic film can be used if conditions permit. Doing so not only keeps warm, but also prevents weeds from growing.
(4) Loosening and peeling In order to prevent soil hardening and grass shortage, loosing and weeding can be done 2-3 times a year during the growing period to avoid weeds in the field as much as possible.
(5) The rhizome of Pteridium aquilinum will gradually age and die after several years of renewal, so it needs to be renewed. Generally, in the fields of 3 ~ 4 years old, in autumn, wheeled tractors with plowshares will cut off the roots of bracken, which can not only ensure continuous harvest, but also will not greatly reduce production. [5]
[Edit this paragraph] Acquisition and processing
Harvest of bracken
Pteridium aquilinum can be harvested in mountainous areas from late March to early May, and it is harvested earlier in low mountains and gentle slopes, and later in middle and high mountains. The suitable harvesting time is when the bracken grows about 20 cm long on the ground and the top leaf has not yet unfolded like a fist. The yield of early harvest is low, and the aging of stalk cellulose in late harvest affects the quality.
Bracken processing
Pickling treatment
1. First pickling: the washed bracken is made into salt glue according to the ratio of 10: 3. Sprinkle a layer of edible salt with a thickness of about 2 cm on the bottom of knee-made utensils, then put a layer of bracken with a thickness of about 5 cm, then put a layer of salt and a layer of vegetable field into the salting machine in turn, sprinkle the salt with a thickness of 2 cm on the top layer, press the stone on it, and marinate for 8- 10 days.
2. Second pickling: take the spinach out of the brain maker and put it into another gridder from top to bottom, with the ratio of bracken to salt of 20: L, one layer of salt and one layer of vegetable field; Adding 35% salt water into the salting machine, pressing a heavy object on the surface of bracken, and salting 14- 16 days to obtain the finished product.
In the pickling process, the cleaned and graded bracken is packed in barrels for pickling. Preparation of salt solution: 42% citric acid, 50% sodium metaphosphate and 8% alum are respectively ground and fully mixed, and then mixed with 10 times of water to prepare a solution for later use. Add acid-adjusting water into saturated brine to make the pH value of brine reach 3.5-4.5. Adding 5% salt of Pteridium aquilinum into the barrel, adding Pteridium aquilinum, sprinkling salt of Pteridium aquilinum mass 10% on the surface of Pteridium aquilinum, filling the barrel with salt solution, exhausting the air in the barrel, and sealing the salt barrel to obtain the finished product.
Dry treatment
Blanch the cleaned bracken in boiling water for 7-8 minutes. Generally, 0.2%-0.5% citric acid and 0.2% sodium metabisulfite are added to the blanching solution, and clean sulfur is used when possible, and fumigation is carried out before blanching. The sulfur consumption per 100 kg of bracken is 0.2-0.4 kg, and the ratio of bracken to blanching solution is1:1.5-2; Immediately after blanching, the bracken is cooled to normal temperature with flowing water, and then dried or dried. In order to prevent uneven moisture inside and outside bracken, especially to prevent the surface of bracken from being broken and cracked due to excessive drying, it is necessary to remove wet lumps and sundries and accumulate them for L-3 days to achieve moisture balance. At the same time, the dried bracken is softened and used for briquetting or packaging.
Pteridium aquilinum products should be stored at low temperature and low humidity, the storage temperature is 0-2℃, not exceeding 65438 00℃, and the relative humidity is below 65438 05%.
[Edit this paragraph] Method of making wild bracken
In the past, the processing of pickled bracken was simple, and it was not easy to store and transport for a long time, which affected the net file and sales. In recent years, the new packaging technology of aluminum-plastic composite bags has come out. While maintaining the basic characteristics of bracken, such as green, crisp, fragrant and refreshing, it has exquisite appearance, long shelf life, convenient carrying and high added value.
1. Pickling: Prepare materials according to 7 parts of vegetables and 3 parts of salt. Sprinkle a layer of bottom salt in the pickling tank first, then evenly put a layer of vegetables and a layer of salt, and finally cover with a layer of salt, and press 10- 15 days to get out of the tank.
2. Desalination: put the pickled bracken in a pool, wash it for 6-7 hours, then change the water and wash it for 3-4 hours. In order to shorten the desalting time, proper stirring can be carried out, but crushing should be avoided.
3. Re-greening: Reagent-grade copper sulfate is used for re-greening. When turning green, the solution temperature is generally controlled at 65℃-70℃, and the appropriate dosage of copper sulfate is about PH 6. The green bracken is basically close to the fresh color, and then washed for 2-3 times, so that the copper residue attached to the bracken does not exceed 10ppm.
(4) embrittlement: soak Pteridium aquilinum in 0.6% calcium chloride solution, put it into a sealed container for vacuum embrittlement, keep the vacuum degree at 0.08MP2, and keep the temperature at 50-55℃ for 20 minutes. Because bracken contains pectin, it will produce pectinase when heated, which will interact with metal ions to form pectin calcium in gel state, thus maintaining brittleness.
5. Bagging and sterilization: the soup base is mainly made of 3.5% salt solution. After adding other seasonings properly, adjust the PH value to about 6 with citric acid. Bagging 75-85 ml soup every 0.5 kg, bagging, hot-pressing and sealing, and then sterilizing in steam at 65438 005℃ for 20 minutes to obtain the finished product.
[Edit this paragraph] Preservation technology
Pteridium aquilinum should be picked shortly after germination, which is seasonal. At this time, it is the hot and humid season in spring and summer, and bracken will soon brown, age and deteriorate. It is very difficult for farmers who live scattered in mountainous areas and have limited economic conditions to keep bracken fresh. General preservation methods include high-temperature sterilization, vacuum packaging, copper salt green protection and other processes. Pteridium aquilinum has many production equipment, slow processing speed, high fresh-keeping cost, excessive loss of nutrients and some additional pollution. Due to late or improper treatment, the quality of Pteridium aquilinum is seriously degraded, the economic loss of agricultural products is great, and the resources of Pteridium aquilinum are seriously wasted.
Technological process: fresh bracken → cleaning → blanching → protecting green and crispness → hot acid (acetic acid solution) packaging → quick freezing → inspection → finished product. Key points of operation: ① Picking and cleaning: sorting and piling fresh bracken picked in time according to different lengths, and cleaning; (2) blanching: blanching bracken in 85-90℃ 1% salt water for about 3 minutes, taking out and draining; (3) Soak the blanched Pteridium aquilinum in a soaking solution consisting of 0.02% magnesium chloride, 0.03% zinc lactate, 0.40% calcium chloride and 0.02% natural color-protecting partner (type F) for 65438+/-02 hours, then take it out, rinse it with clear water, and drain the water. (4) Hot filling and rapid cooling: Pteridium aquilinum is bagged, added with 0. 18% acetic acid solution at 90-95℃, and sealed at normal pressure; After 8 minutes, put it in cold water and cool it to room temperature at medium speed. ⑤ Inspection: at room temperature 180 days later, it is qualified if it meets the product quality standards.
[Edit this paragraph] Breeding technology
1. Sexual reproduction
1. 1 collect spores. Select the sporangium group with brown appearance and unbroken sporangium, cut off the leaves with spores with clean scissors and put them in paper bags to dry.
1.2 It is economical and convenient to sow spores in mixed soil to make culture medium. Mix peat soil, river sand and peat ash in proportion, stir evenly, sieve to make mixed soil, and then steam sterilize for half an hour.
1.3 The day before spore sowing, put the prepared mixed soil culture container into shallow water for full wetting, spread spores evenly on the culture substrate, then cover it, soak it in shallow water, and take it out for culture the next day.
1.4 Spore culture Move the inoculated container to a hotbed or incubator for culture, and keep the temperature at 25℃, the humidity above 80% and the light for more than 4 hours every day. After 1 month, spores germinate, grow tender protonema, and then grow into flat heart-shaped or banded gametophyte. The gametophyte grows the archegonium and spherical sperm cells in the abdomen. At this time, it is sprayed twice a day for 1 week, and the sperm flows out by water to combine with the egg to form an embryo. A week later, it developed into a sporophyte.
The transplanted sporophyte of 1.5 is transplanted for the first time after the sporophyte grows 3 ~ 4 leaves, and still tends to use mixed soil as bed soil. 1 ~ 2 weeks later, move the seedlings outside the hotbed, and transplant or plant them for the second time after the seedlings grow up.
2. Asexual reproduction technology
2. 1 Propagation of asexual spores Some ferns will germinate spores between the axils of feather leaves and below the top of leaf axis, and some of the top of leaf axis will grow new plants through meristem, or vegetative leaves can grow new plants when they touch the ground.
2.2 asexual propagation is to cultivate stolons in stages, or to cut the erect rhizome into two sections, but each section should have roots and leaves to facilitate survival.
2.3 Tissue-cultured pteridophyte somatic cells also have regeneration ability. By this method, a large number of fern seedlings can be cultivated by collecting only a small part of vegetative organs.
[Edit this paragraph] Practice point
(1) There are two propagation modes of Pteridium aquilinum, namely sexual propagation (spore propagation) and asexual propagation (rhizome propagation). There are many methods of asexual reproduction in production. Asexual propagation: Dig out the underground rhizomes, select robust ramets for planting, and plant them when the row spacing is 70-80 cm, the plant spacing is 50-60 cm and the seedling height is 10- 15 cm.
② Soil rich in humus should be selected as the bed, and defoliation compost and manure should be applied during soil preparation to make flat or high beds with a width of 1m, which can be planted after the soil is thawed.
③ During field management and growth, Qin Ying cultivated weeds and irrigated them, and strengthened drainage in rainy season to avoid root rot; If the thin fertilizer is applied repeatedly, it can be harvested once and fertilized 2~3 days after harvest; Covered with hay in winter to keep moisture and prevent cold; Before germination in early spring, water and topdressing should be done in time to promote the germination of stems and leaves.
(4) Pteridium aquilinum can be harvested once for more than 10 years. Every spring and early summer, when the young stems grow to 20-25 cm, the petioles are tender and the leaflets are not unfolded and hooked, they can be harvested. Too late will affect the edible value and have a negative impact on the next year's harvest, and too early will reduce the output. When harvesting, you can cut it with a knife or pinch it with your hands, as close as possible to the ground. After harvesting once, the second harvest can be carried out on 10- 15 days, and it can be harvested continuously for 2-3 times every year.
Key points of bracken cultivation in protected land
1. Soil preparation and planting: apply 5000㎏ of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure per mu, turn it over and make the border, and plant it according to 70×50㎝, with 2 plants per hole. Planting requirements: the root system of seedlings should be complete, and try not to damage the root system. When planting, the roots should be straightened and not nested. Water 1 time after planting. If soil seeps out of the planting hole after water seepage, it should be filled by hand.
2. Greenhouse film management: Before the soil is frozen, the greenhouse film should be buckled and the temperature should be controlled at about 20℃. When the temperature is higher than 30℃, outdoor air should be released in time. This period is a dormant transition period, so don't water the seedlings, just strictly control the temperature. 15 days later, it can be raised to 25℃.
3. Harvesting and processing: it takes 20 days from shed to germination, and it takes 10- 15 days from germination to first harvest. When the young stem grows to 10㎝, new shoots can be harvested. The harvesting standard is that the tender leaves do not unfold. Harvest once every 7 days. The yield per mu can reach1000. If it is close to the market, it will be sold in small bundles immediately after harvesting, generally not exceeding 12 hours. If the quantity is too large to be sold, it can be boiled in boiling water for 2-3 minutes, constantly turned to make it heated evenly, taken out and immersed in cold water for color fixation, then dried in the shade or air-dried, straightened and packaged for sale.
[Edit this paragraph] Therapeutic effect
Pteridium aquilinum is sweet and cold;
Has the effects of clearing away heat, invigorating stomach, moistening intestine, relaxing bowels, lowering qi, expelling wind and resolving phlegm.
Can be used for treating diseases such as anorexia, qi stagnation, intestinal wind-heat toxin, etc.
[Edit this paragraph] Medicinal value
The tender leaves of Pteridium aquilinum contain carotene, vitamins, protein, fat, sugar, crude fiber, potassium, calcium, magnesium, Pteridium aquilinum, pteridium aquilinum glycoside, acetyl Pteridium aquilinum, choline and sterol.
In addition, it also contains 18 amino acids. Modern research believes that the cellulose in bracken can promote intestinal peristalsis and reduce the absorption of fat by gastrointestinal tract. Pteridium aquilinum is sweet and cold. Has the effects of detoxicating, clearing away heat, moistening intestine and resolving phlegm. Regular consumption can lower blood pressure and relieve dizziness and insomnia. Bracken can also stop diarrhea and induce diuresis. The dietary fiber contained in bracken can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, relieve constipation, clear the intestines and detoxify, and can also treat rheumatoid arthritis, dysentery, hemoptysis and other diseases. Regular consumption can treat hypertension, dizziness, uterine bleeding and other diseases, and prevent measles and flu.
1. Pteridium aquilinum has certain inhibitory effect on bacteria, and can be used for persistent fever, intestinal wind-heat toxicity, eczema, ulcer and other diseases. Has good effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, sterilizing and diminishing inflammation;
2. Some effective components of Pteridium aquilinum can dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure;
3. Crude fiber can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis and has the effect of reducing qi and relaxing bowels;
4. Pteridium aquilinum can clear the intestines and detoxify, and Pteridium aquilinum is commonly used to treat diarrhea and dysuria, which has certain curative effect;
5. Pteridium aquilinum can be made into vermicelli, which can replace grain to satisfy hunger, tonify spleen and qi, strengthen physical fitness and enhance disease resistance;
[Edit this paragraph] Medical function
The rhizomes of ferns can be used as medicine. Sexual taste: sweet and cold. Function: clearing away heat and moistening intestines, reducing qi and resolving phlegm. Treat food burping, gas burping and intestinal wind-heat toxin.
Clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine;
(1) Pteridium aquilinum flower (leaf) for treating intestinal wind-heat toxin is baked into powder,10g is taken with rice (Sheng Huifang).
(2) Fern powder 150 ~ 200g is used to treat diarrhea and abdominal pain. First, it is mixed with a little cold water, added with brown sugar and taken with boiling water (Record of Zhehui Tianmushan Pharmaceutical Factory).
(3) Fern root 50 ~100g is decocted in water to treat fever (Zhejiang Tianmu Mountain Medical Records).
(4) To treat eczema, wash the affected area with water or wine, sprinkle with fern powder or rub it with glycerin (Compendium of Materia Medica).
[Edit this paragraph] Historical data
1. Edible bracken was first seen in the Book of Songs: "Climb the South Mountain and pick its ferns." In ancient times, Boyi and Shu Qi did not eat Zhou Su, but picked ferns in shouyangshan, so later generations regarded ferns as a symbol of lofty seclusion.
2. "Er Ya Yi" contains: "Ferns are born like children's fists, purple and fat." Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said, "Pteridium aquilinum has been used as a child's fist", and Huang Tingjian, a poet in the Song Dynasty, also said, "The bud is just beginning to grow into a child's fist." This refers to bracken. In bracken producing areas, people generally call bracken "fist dish", "fist sprout dish" or "bergamot", hence the name "bergamot shark's fin".
3. Pteridium aquilinum is a delicious food with a long history. Zhao Nan in the Book of Songs: "Look at Nanshan and pick its ferns." Chen Zangqi of the Tang Dynasty recorded in Herbal Supplement that at the end of Shang Dynasty, Bo Yihe, the son of the solitary bamboo king, vowed not to eat bracken after killing it in Shang Dynasty, and adopted ferns and Wei to satisfy his hunger. Finally they all starved to death in Shouyang. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Jiao Lizhong, Dong, Qi and others, known as the "Four big noble", were determined to be noble and live a long life. Because they fled the rebellion of Qin, they took their wives and children to live in seclusion in Shangshan, Shaanxi Province today, collecting ferns and food. When Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu, heard about it, he admired it very much and asked them to go down the mountain to be an official, but they refused and continued to live a poor and secluded life. Therefore, Shangshan area has been called "Shangzhi" until now. "Business" or "endowment". "Herbal Supplement" also said: "Four hermits eat it and live a long life", which means that these four hermits eat ferns and live a long life. "Song of Merchants" written by "Four Nobles" said: "The deep valley song of Momo Mountain. Purple clover can satisfy hunger. Where will I go when Tang Yu goes away? It is a great advantage to build a high-grade horse. Fear of wealth is not as good as ambition of poverty. " It can be seen that bracken has the dietotherapy effect of prolonging life;
4. The method of Bo Yi Brothers and Hermit No.4 eating ferns remains to be verified. According to Qi Yao Min Shu, people in Tianshui, Gansu Province ate bracken in the late Wei Dynasty by picking it in February, making it into dried vegetables and eating it in autumn and winter. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica records that the method of eating bracken in Ming Dynasty is to take tender stems, boil mucus with gray soup, and dry them as vegetables. In the Qing Dynasty, boiled water was used to soften, roots, leaves and thick stems were removed, tender parts were selected and cooked in chicken soup. Now bracken can be boiled, burned, simmered, stewed and fried. There are many cooking methods and dishes [1].
[Edit this paragraph] Dietotherapy value:
The tender leaves of Pteridium aquilinum. Also known as fern, fern, faucet, fern, cat claw, fist, doll fist, chicken claw. Widely distributed in Shan Ye, China. Harvesting in spring, washing and slightly boiling, and removing astringency; Or dried in the sun, soaked in boiling water or boiled in water before use to remove astringency.
[Attribute] Sweet, slightly bitter, cold in nature. It can clear away heat and toxic materials and moisten intestines.
[References] Contains ergosterol, choline, glycosides, tannins, starch, etc.
【 Use 】 Used for damp-heat diarrhea or dysentery; Less urine, or damp heat in women; Constipation, or habitual constipation
[Usage] Decoct soup, grind it into powder, or cook it.
【 Note 】 It must be used as a dish for relaxing bowels. Stir-fried meat or boiled soup are very beautiful. As a plant food, it has weak functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials and promoting diuresis due to soaking, bleaching and heat. Vegetarian food and long-term consumption will hurt yang.
[attachment]
1, Pteridium aquilinum powder: Pteridium aquilinum powder, 3~6g each time, with food.
From Sheng Huifang. This prescription uses bracken to clear heat and detoxify, and diuretic and stranguria. Used for damp-heat diarrhea or dysentery.
2, bracken auricularia slice: bracken 15g, soaked in water and cut into sections; Auricularia 6g, swollen again; Slice 100g lean pork, mix well with wet starch, fry in oil pan, stir-fry until it changes color, that is, add bracken, fungus, salt, soy sauce, vinegar, sugar, pickled ginger, pickled pepper, etc. And stir-fry evenly.
Pteridium aquilinum and Auricularia auricula are smooth to the intestines, but cold in nature. Only frying with meat is more peaceful and delicious. It can be used for the elderly, people with insufficient body fluid and blood, constipation due to intestinal dryness or poor stool.
[Edit this paragraph] Carcinogenesis
After feeding rats with fresh Pteridium aquilinum and Pteridium aquilinum, treated Pteridium aquilinum and Pteridium aquilinum dry powder for 7 months, there were 6 rats (33.5%), 3 rats (18.75%), 2 rats (12.5%) and 1 rat (6.25%) in four groups respectively. At the same time, there were 1 animal breast adenoma in the fresh sweet fern group and the treated bitter fern group. In addition, four groups of mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascites solid tumor 10 days by gavage with the above four kinds of Pteridium aquilinum homogenates showed that the tumor size increased after administration, and the weight gain rates were 30.27%, 1 1.0 1%, 4.59% and1respectively. It shows that Pteridium aquilinum can induce cancer and promote tumor growth. [6]?
More than a hundred years ago, people noticed that this plant would poison cattle. Cattle that ate a lot of ferns died within a few weeks at the earliest. Even if you don't eat much, the bone marrow function will gradually lose. Sheep that eat ferns will gradually go blind. In 1960s, more studies found that ferns can also cause cancer. In the early 1980s, a Japanese scientist successfully isolated something called ptaquiloside, whose Chinese translation is "protopterin". In addition to the above animal reactions, biochemical experiments have found that it can also react with amino acids and destroy the genetic material DNA. In other words, it is more toxic than expected. Worst of all, it can be transferred from cow's food to milk, and it can also spread to water and soil. If cows eat fern, calves will have the symptoms of fern poisoning even if they only drink milk. This may also explain why people in areas where ferns grow vigorously have a much higher risk of cancer such as esophageal cancer even if they don't eat bracken.