The whole poem is as follows:
drink
Wei and Jin Dynasties: Tao Yuanming
Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots.
What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely.
The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back.
That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say.
Building a house in a place where people come and go will not be disturbed by secular communication. Ask me why. As long as I aim high, I will naturally feel that my place is secluded.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely, Nanshan in the distance comes into view. In the evening, the scenery of Nanshan is very good, the fog lingers between the peaks and the birds return together. It contains the true meaning of life. I want to identify it, but I don't know how to express it
Extended data:
1, creative background
This poem was written in 4 17 AD, the twelfth year after the poet returned to the field, just before the demise of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The author was filled with emotion, and wrote lofty aspirations by drowning his worries in wine.
Step 2 enjoy
The artistic conception of this poem can be divided into two layers, and the first four sentences are one layer, which shows the poet's mood after getting rid of secular troubles. The last six sentences are on the first floor, which describes the beautiful night scene of Nanshan and the infinite fun that poets get from it. It shows the poet's true feelings and noble personality of loving rural life.
At the beginning of the poem "Building a house on earth, but no chariots and horses", the author says that although he lives on earth, he has no secular communication to disturb him. What worries people who have no cars or horses? Because "the heart is far away from itself", as long as the heart can get rid of the shackles of the secular, even in a noisy environment, it is like living in a secluded place.
Tao Yuanming's early years were full of the ideal of making contributions, and he went to the official position several times only to realize his ambition of saving the world. However, when he saw that "death is a great success" ("Love on Earth" didn't meet Fu), officialdom storm was sinister, the secular world was fraudulent and corrupt, and the whole society was corrupt and dark, so he chose to lead an honest and clean life, live in seclusion in the countryside, and devote himself to the road of self-financing.
These four sentences, "Building a house depends on human feelings", are written about his feelings after getting rid of the interference of secular environment. The so-called "distant mind" means that the mind does not care about the field of fame and fortune, and love is not the door of the powerful, but beyond the worldly customs. Because these four sentences have profound meanings and deep feelings, the predecessors marveled at their "exquisite literary talent".
"What can I ask you? The "far heart" in the "far heart" is to stay away from the officialdom, to go further, to stay away from the secular and to be free from vulgarity. Rejecting the socially recognized value scale and exploring where the author establishes the basic point of life involves Tao Yuanming's philosophical thought.
This kind of philosophy can be called "natural philosophy", which not only includes a self-cultivation and family-oriented lifestyle, but also deepens the unity and harmony between human life and nature. In Tao Yuanming's view, man not only exists in society and the relationship between people, but more importantly, every individual life, as an independent spiritual subject, directly faces the whole nature and universe.
If these principles are written directly, poetry will become a paper. So the author just puts philosophy in the image. The poet picked chrysanthemums at will in his garden, and occasionally looked up to see Nanshan. According to the law of the ancients in China, "leisurely seeing Nanshan" can be interpreted as "leisurely seeing Nanshan" or "leisurely seeing Nanshan".
Therefore, this kind of "leisure" belongs not only to people, but also to mountains. People are leisurely and comfortable, and the mountains are quiet and lofty. At that moment, it seemed as if there was a melody emanating from people's hearts and between mountains, with the same meaning, and melted into a light music.
The "carefree" in "Picking Chrysanthemums under the East Hedgerow and Seeing Nanshan Leisurely" describes the author's leisurely, carefree and carefree state of mind. The action of "picking chrysanthemums" is not an ordinary action, it contains the poet's interest in transcending the world and loving nature. It is not good to change "see" into "hope". The word "Jian" shows that the poet did not intentionally see the mountain when picking chrysanthemums, but accidentally saw it.
What you see in Nanshan is: the haze of sunset, as if nothing had happened, floating around the summit; Flocks of birds flew together and returned to the mountains. All this is of course beautiful. But this is not a simple description of the scenery. These are natural movements, because there is no will and no external requirements, so they are calm, full and perfect.
Since man is a part of nature, he should also have the nature of nature and complete his individual life in the whole natural movement. This is the harmonious unity of man and nature. The words "The weather is getting better every day and the birds are coming back" are descriptions of the scenery. At this time, we can vaguely know that the poet is not only encouraging himself to "return", but also implicitly entrusting his family with the interaction with the mountains and forests, and also persuading others;
Although the two sentences are about scenery, they are actually lyrical. "That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say." At the end of the poem, the poet said that he realized the interest of life from the beautiful scenery of nature and showed a pure and natural calm state of mind. "Here" in the poem can be understood as here and now (by the fence in autumn night) or as the whole country life.
The so-called "forgetting words" actually means that a beautiful and leisurely pastoral life is your real life, and the joy of this life can only be understood, unspeakable and unspeakable. This fully embodies the poet's noble character of being poor, being happy and inspiring. These two sentences say that there is the true meaning of life here. I want to distinguish it, but I forget how to express it in words.
Generally speaking, "forgetting words" means that you don't know what language to use to express it, but you can only understand it and can't explain it. "The most affectionate words are silent", the word "truth" is emphasized here, and it is pointed out that resigning and retiring is the true meaning of life.
This poem is also a typical representative of the artistic style of Tao poetry. In addition to the general characteristics of Tao poetry, it is more interesting, more fluent, more natural in tone and more cordial in appearance.