Zhang Boju (1898- 1982) and1March 898 (the 24th year of Guangxu) were born in Xiangcheng, Henan Province, the son of Zhang Jinfang. He, Zhang Xueliang, Pu Dong and Yuan are also called "four sons of the Republic of China". He is a wonderful cultural figure among the cultural celebrities of the older generation in China, who is a connoisseur, painter, poet and researcher of Peking Opera. He used to be a special member of the Palace Museum, a member of the National Cultural Heritage Administration Appraisal Committee, an associate researcher and deputy curator of the Jilin Provincial Museum, and a librarian of the Central Museum of Literature and History.
Introduction to experience
Zhang Boju entered a private school in his early years, and then went to Tianjin Xue Xin Academy. 19 16 studied in Yuan Shikai's mixed-mode regiment cavalry division. After graduation, he successively served as a senator in Cao Kun, Wu and Zhang (both honorary positions). Dissatisfied with the warlord melee, he joined the financial circle from 65438 to 0927. He has served as auditor of the comprehensive management office of Salt Bank, manager and managing director of Nanjing Salt Bank. Qin Long Industrial Bank manager and other positions. 1937 After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he went to Xi 'an to devote himself to poetry creation. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the Kuomintang 1 1 Theater Command Department, consultant of Hebei Provincial Government, professor of Chinese Department of North China University of Arts and Sciences, distinguished member of the Palace Museum, and chairman of Beiping Fine Arts Branch. From June 65438 to June 0947, he joined the China Democratic League in Beiping, served as a member of the NLD Beiping Provisional Committee, and participated in patriotic and democratic movements such as the Peking University Student Aid Movement, the anti-persecution and anti-hunger movement, and the protest against the shooting of students in Northeast China. After the liberation of Peiping, he served as honorary tutor of China art history in yenching university China Literature Department, vice president of Beijing China Calligraphy Research Association, deputy director of Beijing Peking Opera Basic Art Research Association, director and director-general of Beijing Chess Research Association, director of Beijing Chinese Painting Research Association, director of Beijing Guqin Research Association, member of Cultural Relics Appraisal Committee of the Ministry of Culture, director of the Federation of Public-Private Banks, member of 1 Beijing CPPCC, member of Finance Committee of China Democratic League Headquarters, member of Culture and Education Committee and member of Liaison Committee. 1956 joined the revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang. 1962 Up to now, he has served as an associate researcher and deputy curator of Jilin Provincial Museum. Persecuted and framed during the Cultural Revolution. 1972 Zhou Enlai was informed and instructed to hire him as a librarian in central research institute of culture and history. In his later years, he also served as president of Beijing Zhongshan Calligraphy and Painting Society, honorary president of Beijing Chinese Painting Research Association, honorary director of China Calligraphers Association, honorary president of Jinghua Art Society, researcher of Beijing Opera Research Institute, consultant of Beijing Kunqu Opera Research Association, and member of NLD Central Culture and Education Committee. 1982 died in Beijing on February 26th. At the age of 82. 1958 was classified as a rightist, and 1980 was rehabilitated.
I am fascinated by the collection of national treasures.
Zhang Boju devoted his life to ancient cultural relics and collected calligraphy and painting. At the age of 30, he began to collect ancient China paintings and calligraphy. At first, out of interest, he took it as his duty to preserve important cultural relics. He spared no expense, even if he sold his property or borrowed money, he would not change his original intention. For example, he once bought China's oldest ink painting of the Western Jin Dynasty, Ping Fu Tie, and the oldest painting includes You Chuntu by Sui Zhanzi Qian. There are as many as 1 18 paintings and calligraphy works in his Congbi Painting and Calligraphy Record, which is the first collection in the world. Ziyun: "I was born in troubled times and hate reading less. Thirty years later, I became fascinated with calligraphy and painting. Although I saw the name system, I still saved money, and people may smile and have no regrets. " A "You Chuntu Volume" turned him from a rich man into a debt-ridden, even kidnapped by gangsters, and his life was at stake. He still said, "I would rather die than be hidden by the seller." His legendary experience has become an eternal story.
Preserving cultural relics at all costs, even risking their lives, is not only out of patriotism and sincerity, but also based on deep understanding and sincere love for national cultural heritage. Mr. Zhang has an eye for treasures. His collection of calligraphy and painting works is a bright pearl in the history of art, among which Lu Ji's Ping Fu Tie is the earliest celebrity handwriting in China's calligraphy works handed down from generation to generation, and Sui Zhanziqian's You Chuntu Volume is the earliest scroll painting handed down from generation to generation and the earliest independent landscape painting. Zhang Shi Juan by Du Mu of Tang Dynasty, Zhu Shang Tie by Ting Zhang, Jiang Xue Gui Ba Tu Juan and Shan Ju Tu Juan are all important cultural relics that occupy a unique position in the history of art.
Mr. Zhang Boju and his wife, Ms. Pan Su (a green landscape painter) don't regard the famous calligraphy paintings that have been bought and painstakingly protected as their own, but as the cultural heritage of the whole nation. Since the 1950s, Zhang and his wife have successively donated masterpieces of calligraphy and painting that have been treasured for 30 years to the country, making these cultural relics the treasures of museums, showing lofty patriotic feelings and selfless dedication. 1965, when Zhang Boju donated the Hundred Flowers Map and the remaining 30 pieces of Gu Shuhua to the Jilin Provincial Museum, which is today's Jilin Provincial Museum, there was a cultural official named Song Zhenting in Jilin Province. He shook Zhang Boju's hand and said, Mr. Zhang suddenly made our museum a rich man. Lu Ji's Ping Fu Tie, Zhan Ziqian's You Chuntu and Du Mu's Zhang Shi are all treasures of the Palace Museum.
Obsessed with Peking Opera, he achieved outstanding accomplishments.
Mr. Zhang Boju's attainments and reputation in the art of Peking Opera are also very high. He likes Beijing opera since he was a child. He once said that when he was eight years old, he watched the Yang Xiaolou Nine Gusts at the Tianxian Theatre. Youth and middle age are the heyday of Chinese Peking Opera. After seeing a play and learning from Yu's pianist, you can sing in one year.
Zhang Boju strictly abides by the traditional requirements of learning Peking Opera. He also made great efforts to tune, play cross arms and learn everything, but he knew more about Yu Shuyan's plays than he did directly. His book The History of Ji Meng also records his study of drama. "Return is Jason Chung snare, seems to be a negative event. The civil-military chaos has not stopped, and there is still Taiping Bridge. " Why is there a Taiping Bridge before it is paved? Yu Shuyan once said to Zhang Boju, "When you cross the bridge, you can board the chair with one foot and the table with the other. The enemy will stab you in the chest with a gun, and the stiff zombies with guns in their hands will fall down. Those who arrange enemy generals and inspect the scene must be good at it, otherwise it will be dangerous. " Therefore, this dangerous drama did not reach Zhang Boju, which shows that Yu Shuyan devoted all his efforts to it and paid great attention to it.
On his 40th birthday in 26 years of the Republic of China, Paradise Lost was his most famous and rare Peking Opera performance. He served as the second old army of Kong Ming, Wang Ping of Yu Shuyan, Ma Su of Yang Xiaolou, Zhao Yun of Wang Fengqing, Ma Dai of Cheng Jixian, Sima Yi of Chen Xiangxue, Zhang He of Wallet Sen, Ci Ruiquan and Wang Fushan. The performance was held in Fujin Hall of Longfumiao Street, which was an unprecedented day. Many foreign opera fans came to Beijing not far from Wan Li just to see this masterpiece of the art world, and people knew Du Fu's poem "This song should only exist in the sky, but only be heard on earth" like the back of their hands. The play was made into a documentary, and it is rumored that the original version flowed into the United States. I wonder if it's true.
Poetry, transcendence, calligraphy, looking at works
Zhang Boju was influenced by the traditional culture of China since he was a child. He has read countless books, and one of them, China Ancient Literature, can recite it backwards. More than 3,000 volumes of Twenty-four History, which he had read twice when he was in his twenties. He can tell the 354-volume History as a Mirror from beginning to end, just like a few treasures. Tang poetry and Song poetry, blurted out, there are one or two thousand. A solid literary foundation has created his versatile cultural background. Because of his outstanding talent, he stayed and used all his spare time to write a lot of ancient poems, rhymes and operas.
His main works are Cong Bi Ci, Spring Wandering Ci, Wandering Ci, Fog Ci, No Noun, Continued Ci, Ji Meng Shi, Ji Meng Shi Zhu, Hong Xian Chronicle Shi Zhu, Hong Xian Shi Zhu and so on.
Zhang Boju is an extraordinary person who regards honor as dirt and snobbery as dirt. According to Mr. Zhou's words, "It is almost the same as Yan Xiaoshan, Liu Sanbian and Qing Dynasty (Preface to Mr. Zhang Boju's Ci Collection), writing more about life feelings and natural scenery, with delicate feelings and natural detachment. The long tune is sad and stubborn, beautiful and sad. Poetry is lofty and profound, extremely touching and beautiful. Seeing things with nature and expressing feelings with the tongue of nature are true and true, which is a model of modern poets.
Some people say that Zhang Boju is a lonely peak on the plateau of contemporary culture, and such people will no longer exist.
Zhou: I have met many cultural experts in my life, so there are very few people.
Shi Shuqing: We have never met such a tall, learned and literate person in modern times.
Liu Haisu, a master of Chinese painting, said, "He is a mountain on the plateau of contemporary culture. Four rivers gushed from his vast mind, that is, painting and calligraphy collection, poetry, drama and calligraphy. The four sisters communicate with each other and have their own personalities. They can be called old celebrities in Beijing, and the art garden is really a scholar. "
Appendix:
"Ping Fu Tie" is the original calligraphy of Lu Ji, a great scholar in the Western Jin Dynasty. It is nearly 1700 years ago, 70 or 80 years earlier than Wang Xizhi's handwriting, and it is the "originator of mountains" in the ink handed down from ancient times. Less than a foot long, only nine lines, but covered with the collection chapters of famous artists of all ages. Full of Athena Chu and paper, it was honored as "the first post in China" by collectors.
You Chuntu was painted by Zhan Ziqian, a great painter in Sui Dynasty, more than 400 years ago. It is regarded as the earliest painting in China, and it has been regarded as the unique best in calligraphy and painting in all previous dynasties. Some people call it "a national treasure among national treasures". You Chuntu's picture is more than two feet long, with exquisite brushwork and infinite interest, and is known as "the best picture in the world".
Hundred Flowers is the work of Yu Jie in Song Dynasty. It is a plain silk book, the scroll is 3.24 meters long and divided into 17 sections. Draw a flower or a landscape in each section, with exquisite brush and beautiful calligraphy. This picture scroll is regarded as the work of the first female painter preserved in the history of painting in China. It was regarded as a peerless treasure by the courts and great collectors of past dynasties, and Zhang Boju himself stamped the collection seal on it.