Introduction to the work:
Yuefu in Han Dynasty was an official position in charge of music in ancient times. There were Yuefu orders in the Qin Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty. The Yuefu in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was large in scale, and its function was to take charge of the music used in the court and collect folk songs and music. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, all poems sung by Yuefu organs in Han Dynasty were called Yuefu poems.
The basic principle of Han Yuefu's creation is "feeling sad and happy, starting from things" (Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi). It inherits the fine tradition of realism in The Book of Songs and reflects the social reality of Han Dynasty extensively and profoundly. The most outstanding achievement of Han Yuefu's art is its narrative. Secondly, he is good at selecting typical details and expressing his character through his words and deeds. There are five words in its form.
Original text:
In the green garden, sunflowers are exposed to the sun.
In spring, everything is brilliant.
I am always afraid that the autumn festival will come and the leaves of yellow flowers will wither.
The river runs to the sea, and when will it return to the west?
If young people don't work hard, old people will be sad.
Precautions:
This poem is selected from Han Yuefu, a court musical organ established since the Qin Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a large number of poems were collected from the people, which were rich in content and wide in subject matter. This poem is one of them.
Long song line: the title of the Han Yuefu. Sunflower: an ancient vegetable. Sun-dried. Yangchun: In spring, when there is plenty of sunshine and dew. B: Scatter and sprinkle. Dez: Grace. Autumn Festival: Autumn. Festival, season, season. Yellow: withered. W: Same.
Today's translation:
Sunflowers in the garden are lush and soaring in the crystal morning sun.
Spring scatters hope all over the earth, and everything shows prosperity.
I am always afraid that the cold autumn will come, the leaves will turn yellow and the grass will wither.
When can a hundred rivers run to the sea and return to the west?
If young people don't work hard in time, they will only regret it for a lifetime when they are old.
Appreciate:
This poem begins with "Sunflowers in the Garden", and then water flows to the sea, which means that time is like running water, which is gone forever. Finally, it persuades people to cherish youth, work hard, and don't wait until they are old to regret it. This poem uses things as metaphors, first of all, sunflowers in the garden. "Green" means it grows luxuriantly. In fact, under the sunshine and rain all spring, everything is struggling to grow. Because they are all afraid that autumn is coming, they all know that autumn wind will wither a hundred herbs. The rhythm of life in nature is like this, and so is life? If a person doesn't work hard during the good times, his youth will be wasted, and it will be too late to regret when he is old. This poem thinks that life is fleeting from the beautiful scenery of youth, encourages young people to cherish time, gives warnings and inspires people to forge ahead.
Brief comments:
This is a famous sentence in Yuefu in Han Dynasty. The poem uses a series of metaphors to show that we should cherish time and work hard as soon as possible. The first four sentences of this poem paint a beautiful spring scene for us. The green sunflowers in the garden are still stained with dew. After sunrise, the dew dried and the sunflowers were bathed in the sun. Everything is blessed by the rain and dew of nature in spring, shining with unparalleled brilliance. However, they will lose their bright luster and become yellow and faded. Everything has ups and downs, and people also have a process from adolescence to old age. Time is like the water of a river, which flows eastward into the sea and never returns. If you don't cherish time and work hard when you are young, you will only be sad when you are old!
2. Ambition-Wang Ji
Wang Ji
Gaodong ① Twilight, Depend on ② What you want!
Trees are all autumn colors, and mountains are only sparkling.
The shepherd brought the calf back, hunted horses and brought birds back.
No acquaintances, Long song (3) Huai people.
To annotate ...
①: High, land near water. Wang Ji called the place where he farmed and traveled in his hometown Gaodong. At dusk, the sun is about to set.
② Relocation: Still hesitating.
③ Long song sentence: Wei, a fern, whose young leaves are edible. Either this sentence is very poetic, because the author thought of the fragment of "picking Wei" in The Book of Songs, and Long song expressed his anguish. In other words, this sentence is very poetic, that is, Long song's Song of Picking Wei, remembering Boyi and Shu Qi. Judging from the author's mentality and the context of the whole poem, the previous explanation is more appropriate.
Comment and analysis
This poem "Shan Ye and autumn scenery" is one of Wang Zhen's representative works. It is full of emotion, simple and fresh, fluent and natural in the scenery, trying to correct the shortcomings of Qi Liang's glitz and beauty.
The first couplet is both narrative and lyrical, and the next six sentences are always carried. The first sentence casts a thin twilight over the scene between the two couplets; The second sentence is called the last sentence; The whole poem is shrouded in faint sadness. Mandibular couplets are written about autumn scenery at dusk, which are different from each other. The mountains and plains are full of autumn colors, and there is a faint twilight. It is depressed and quiet, which causes the poet's sense of helplessness. Autumn scenery is written in the Neck Couplet, with mountains and trees and autumn twilight as the background, showing that "the shepherd drives calves back to hunt horses and bring birds back". However, this is not the case, which leads to the ending couplet: "I don't know each other", and I can only use Long song to express my anguish. Wang Ji admires Tao Qian, but he can't get comfort from rural life like Tao Qian, so his rural poems sometimes show hesitation and dismay.
This poem washed away the habit of decorative patterns in the Southern Dynasties, but developed a new martial art form that was gradually legalized since Yongming in the Southern Qi Dynasty. It is already a relatively mature five laws, which have a great influence on the form of modern poetry.
Appreciation of poetry and prose:
Yewang is about Shan Ye and autumn scenery. It is Wang Ji's masterpiece, with some hesitation and depression in his leisurely mood.
"Gaodong is a place near the water. Gaodong refers to a place in Longmen, Jiangzhou, his hometown. After retirement, he often traveled to Beishan and Gaodong, calling himself "East Gaozi" and "moving and leaning" means wandering. What do you want "is used in Cao Cao's" Short Songs ".
The following four sentences describe the scenery seen at dusk: "Trees are all autumn, and mountains are only shining. The shepherd brought the calf back, and the horse hunter brought the bird back. " Looking around, autumn is everywhere, especially in the afterglow of the sunset. On this quiet background, the close-up of the shepherd and the hunting horse, with an idyllic pastoral atmosphere, makes the whole picture move. These four poems are like an autumn night in a mountain house.
However, Wang Ji could not find comfort in the countryside like Tao Yuanming, so he finally said, "I don't know each other, and Long song loves Wei." He said he was lonely in reality, so he had to make friends with people like Boyd and Shu Qi.
People who are familiar with Tang poetry may not find this poem particularly beneficial. However, if we read it in the order of the history of poetry, from the Southern Song Dynasty, Qi Dynasty, Liang Dynasty and Chen Dynasty, they will suddenly applaud its simplicity. Most of the poems in the Southern Dynasties are gorgeous, as if they were all wrapped in silks and satins. They walked out of the group of women and suddenly met Jing.
The genre of this poem is five-character verse. Since Shen Yue and others applied the knowledge of metrical poetry to poetry creation in the first year of Qiyong in the Southern Dynasties, this new genre of metrical poetry has been brewing. By the early Tang Dynasty, Shen Quanqi and Song Wenzhi had been stereotyped and became an important school of poetry. Wang Ji, who was more than 60 years earlier than Shen and Song, was able to write such a mature metrical poem as Yewang, which showed that he had the courage to try new metrical forms.
Brief introduction of Wang Ji:
Wang Ji (585-644) was born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin, Shanxi).
For people to celebrate their birthdays and indulge in drinking, most poems take wine as the theme, showing dissatisfaction with reality and occasionally revealing decadent negative thoughts.
There is a mind on the Early Cold River.
Author: Meng Haoran
The south is a wilderness, because leaves are falling, and the wind from the north makes the water cold.
I remember my home; But the bend of Xiangjiang River is surrounded by clouds in this southern country.
I walked forward. I cried until my tears ran out, and I saw a ship in the distant sky.
Where is the ferry? Can someone tell me? , more and more rough. It is getting dark.
Precautions:
1, my sentence: Meng Haoran's home is in Xiangyang, which is a water regulation, so it is cloudy. Water regulation: Hanshui River, also known as Xianghe River, is located in the lower part of Xiangfan City, where the water flow is tortuous, so it is water regulation.
2. Remote sentence: refers to homesickness far away from the clouds. Chu: Xiangyang is an ancient State of Chu.
3. Maze sentence: In The Analects of Confucius, it is recorded that Confucius lived a long life and was obsessed with things, but he was cynical about them.
4. Flat sea: refers to the height and width of the water surface. In ancient times, it was also called a river.
Rhyme translation:
Flowers and trees wither, and geese fly south.
The north wind is blowing, and a river is cold in spring.
My hometown is Naluxing Mountain, and the cottage is in perfume bay.
Looking at the distant Chu land, Chu land is vast in the clouds.
The tears of homesickness have run out, and the life of the tourists is so bitter.
The lonely sail is far away, and the scene is ugly.
I want to ask someone, where is the lost ferry?
I can't see anything at dusk, only the river and the sea are endless.
Comments:
This is a lyric poem about homesickness. It starts with a feeling of homesickness, arousing a stranger's homesickness. What is written in the middle is the disappointment of seeing the lonely sail from a distance and thinking that I can't stay with it. Finally, it's about stagnation that you can't go back to.
The whole poem has complicated emotions. The poet envies rural life and intends to retire, but he wants to ask officials to do things in order to make a big difference. This contradiction constitutes the content of this poem.
Looking at Dongting Lake from afar —— addressed to Premier Zhang
Dongting Lake in August is full of water and sky. Connect with space.
Here is the lake in August, and heaven is an air.
Yunmeng Erze's water vapor transpiration is in vain, and the stormy waves seem to shake Yueyang City.
Fog in Yungu and Menggu enveloped Yueyang City.
I want to cross the river, but I can't find a boat or paddle. It is a shame to live in seclusion in an enlightened age.
I want to cross the river very much, but I can't find a boat. I am lazier than you politicians. It's a shame.
Sitting by the river and watching others fish hard can only envy others for their success in fishing.
I feel like a fish when I sit here and watch a fisherman throw a fish.
3. Yellow Crane Tower
Author: Cui Hao
A long time ago, the place where the Yellow Crane carried the saints to heaven is now only the Yellow Crane Tower.
Yellow cranes no longer come, and white clouds no longer fly.
Every tree in Hanyang becomes clear in the water, and Parrot Island is a nest of herbs.
But I looked at my hometown, and the twilight was getting thicker, and the mist of sadness was filled on the river waves.
Precautions:
1, Yellow Crane Tower: The former site is in Wuchang County, Hubei Province. It was burned in the early years of the Republic of China. It is said that there was a man named Wen Fei in ancient times. about
Fairy, climb to the fairy by crane here. Some people think that the ancients have gone by white clouds.
2, leisurely: the meaning of long time.
3. vivid: clear and obvious appearance.
4. Nautilus Island: It is in the southwest of Wuchang County, Hubei Province. According to the records of the later Han Dynasty, Zu Ren was here when he was the satrap of Jiangxia.
At the banquet, some people presented parrots, so it was called Parrot Island.
Rhyme translation:
The legendary fairy flew over the yellow crane long ago,
There is only the empty Yellow Crane Tower left in this place.
The flying yellow crane will never come back,
Only the long white clouds will last for thousands of years.
The trees in Qingchuan Pavilion in Hanyang are lifelike.
The grass on Nautilus Island grows thick and thick.
I don't know where my hometown is at dusk
Facing the foggy river, it is worrying!
Comments:
This poem is a masterpiece of nostalgia. The poet boarded the Yellow Crane Tower and got a panoramic view of the scenery before him.
Poetry is a masterpiece, blurted out and spilled thousands of miles. It is both natural and majestic, full of charm. Although this poem is not harmonious, its syllables are clear.
Bright but not clumsy. It's really one step at a time, and it has become the envy of all previous dynasties. It is said that Li Bai boarded the building.
I was deeply impressed when I saw this poem. I said, "I can't see the scenery in front of me, but Cui Hao wrote a poem on it." Yan Canglang also said that Tang people.
Seven-character metrical poetry should be the first, which shows that poetry is precious to nature, even metrical poetry.
Send away a friend
Lipper
To the north of the Great Wall is a blue mountain range, and to the east is a white waterline.
Here, you must leave me and drift away for hundreds of miles like loose grass.
I will think of you in the clouds, so think of me in the sunset.
We waved goodbye and my horse neighed again and again.
Interpretation of poetry
Qingshan stands on the north side of the city wall, and the bright white river surrounds the east side of the city wall. We are going to break up here, and you will set foot on the journey of Wan Li like a solitary grass. White clouds are floating in the air, as if you are in a state of mind, and the sun is about to set, and I am attached to you. We waved goodbye and parted ways from now on. The two horses seemed to understand their master's feelings and were reluctant to leave their companions.
words explanation
Guo: Outer city.
Z: Here you are.
Rustle: The neighing of horses.
Appreciation of poetry and prose
This farewell poem blends scenes and sounds. "I will think of you in the clouds, so think of me in the sunset." It is particularly intriguing to express the deep feelings of parting with neat duality. A Qingqiu has a poem cloud: "Taibai poem' I miss you in the cloud and the sunset misses me'. "It is of great significance to Jinghuai." In fact, this poem by Li Bai is a common farewell.
5. Two songs
Yuxi Liu Tang
In China ancient literature, "autumn" is often equated with "sorrow". This poem about autumn is lively and lively, which shows the poet's positive and optimistic mood. The first two sentences are arguments, which directly express the view that autumn is better than spring. The last two sentences express the poet's heroic and optimistic feelings in the image of a white crane in a clear sky.
Autumn has been sad and lonely since ancient times. I say autumn is better than spring.
Clouds of cranes in the clear sky bring poetry to Bixiao.
Beautiful scenery, with frost at night, a few trees are dark red and light yellow.
Trying to get deep into the bone marrow is as crazy as spring.
The value of these two poems lies in the poet's unique feelings about autumn and autumn colors, and they sing high-spirited and inspirational songs, which is contrary to the tradition of literati's mourning for autumn in the past.
The poet deeply understands that the essence of sad autumn in ancient times is people's frustration, disappointment with reality and pessimism about the future, so he only sees the depression in autumn and feels lonely and lifeless. The poet sympathizes with their experience and situation, but disagrees with their pessimism and disappointment. In response to this feeling of loneliness, he said that autumn is better than the spring when everything is born and thriving, emphasizing that autumn is not dead, but very lively. He guided people to see that vibration. Rough and bold, vigorous and powerful, this crane is unique and lonely. However, it was this crane's tenacious struggle that broke through the cold breath of autumn and created a new scene for nature, which made people full of energy. This crane is the embodiment of indomitable people and the embodiment of the spirit of struggle. Therefore, the poet said, "It will bring poetry to Bixiao".
These two poems have the same theme, but they can be independent and complement each other. One sings the praises of autumn, and the other sings the praises of autumn. Qi is inspirational, color is emotional. Therefore, it praises the lofty ambition of autumn and the innocence of autumn. Scenery changes with people, and colors are emotional. Scenery is like makeup, temperament and morality. The spring is beautiful and pleasing to the eye. Clear and innocent, red and yellow, slightly colored, showing an elegant and leisurely feeling. Ling Ran, like a gentle gentleman, is awe-inspiring. If you don't believe me, you will feel clear and profound when you look at the tall building, and your mind will be clear and clear, and you won't be as frivolous and crazy as the bright and colorful spring. The last sentence is set off by the inverse proportion of "spring is bursting"
These are two impromptu poems expressing opinions. Poets express profound thoughts through distinctive artistic images, which have both philosophical implications and artistic charm. They are thought-provoking and intriguing. Balzac, a great French writer, said that art is the crystallization of ideas. "A work of art is to amazingly condense the largest amount of ideas with the smallest area", thus arousing people's imagination, image power and profound aesthetic feeling. Liu Yuxi gave two autumn poems to people.
6. Lushan tourism
mei yao chen
Free and wild, Qianshan is high and low.
The good peaks change everywhere, and the secluded paths are lonely.
First frost, Xiong Shengshu, deer drinking in the forest.
What is he doing? There are chickens outside the cloud.
[Notes]
Lushan: In Lushan County, Henan Province today.
② Comfort: Just right. Wild Feelings: Love for Shan Ye. Just: content.
Change everywhere: indicates that the peak value changes with the viewing angle.
4 secluded path: path.
⑤ Bear tree: The bear climbs the tree.
⑥ Why: Where, where.
In late autumn, the poet traveled in Lushan Mountain, where the frost first appeared. There were no other pedestrians on the mountain road, but the poet was in high spirits. He enjoyed various peaks and mountain views on the road. It's as if a cry came from outside the cloud, telling the poet that he lives far away.
Make an appreciative comment
This is Mei's masterpiece, written in the first year of Kangding (1040) when he was appointed as the commander of Xiangcheng County.
Ouyang Xiu's Poems on June 1 recorded that Mei said: "Although poets express their ideas, it is also difficult to create words. If he expresses his new words, he will be good. He will be able to describe the scenery that is difficult to write as it is now, and then he will do it. " "The scenery that is so difficult to write now" can be used to evaluate the kindness and vividness of this poem.
7. Huanxisha
Su Shi
At the foot of the mountain, the blue buds are short dipped in the stream, the sand road between the pines is clean and mud-free, and the rain cries at dusk.
Who says life can't go back to adolescence? The water in front of the door can still flow west, so don't sing yellow chicken with white hair.
translate
At the foot of the mountain, the blue grass shoots at the stream.
There is no sand and soil in the path between pine trees.
In the evening drizzle, the cuckoo burst into tears.
Who says you can't be young when you are old?
The running water in front of the door can still rush to the west persistently!
Don't worry about sighing white hair, just worry about singing yellow chicken. Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty in Huanxisha
At the foot of the mountain, the blue buds are short-dipped in the stream, and the sand road between the pines is clean and mud-free, and it is raining at dusk. (Write about the vibrant scenery)
Who says life can't go back to adolescence? The water in front of the door can also flow west! Don't sing white-haired yellow chicken. (Express the feeling of being positive and enterprising)
Theme: Understanding life should be positive and enterprising, which shows the author's broad-minded, optimistic and enterprising attitude towards life.
Note: ① Sub-regulation: cuckoo; Yellow Chicken: There is a line in Bai Juyi's poem that "yellow chicken urges dawn" laments that life is getting old.
When evaluating this word, some ancient people thought that "the flowing water in front of the door can still flow westward" was philosophical and used very skillfully. Do you agree with this view? Why? Please enjoy the whole word briefly.
A: I agree. There is Biyaxi, and there is no mud on the sand road. The cuckoo is singing in the rustling dusk rain. The author came to a place far away from the world and clean as washing. The novel "Flowing to the West" here gives the author a great inspiration: can't life be younger? This reflects the negative and pessimistic attitude of the author because of his old age. Through this philosophical statement, the whole poem embodies the author's optimistic spirit.
Su Shi's "Lanya Short Immersion in the Creek under the Huanxisha Mountain": The sentence that expresses feelings and shows that the author is trying to cheer up despite difficulties is: Who said that life is endless? The water in front of the door can also flow west! Don't sing white-haired yellow chicken.
8. 1 1 April 4th is a stormy day.
Lu you
I don't feel sorry for myself in a remote village.
Think of it as a national wheel platform.
Lying at night listening to the wind and rain,
Iron horse glacier dream.
I lay flat in the lonely and desolate country and didn't feel sad.
I also want to defend the frontier for my country.
Late at night, I was lying in bed and heard the sound of wind and rain.
I dreamt in a daze that I rode an armored horse across the frozen river and came to the northern battlefield.
Lying stiff in a remote village, I don't feel sorry for myself, but I still want to defend the wheel platform for my country.
In the dead of night, I lie listening to the wind and rain, and I dream of glaciers.
[Notes]
① jiāng lying: lying upright; ② Guard the wheel platform: guard the edge (jiā ng); Luntai, the place name of the Western Regions in Han Dynasty, is now luntai county, Xinjiang. Generally refers to the northern frontier stronghold; ③ midnight (lán): late at night; 4 iron horse: a war horse in armor.
[Appreciation]
This is a patriotic poem written by Lu You, who is nearly seventy years old, lying in a cold quilt on a stormy cold night, supporting his aging body.
The first two sentences of this poem directly express the poet's own feelings. "Dead Sleeping" is about the poet's old feelings, while "Lonely Village" shows a state of isolation, which is "stiff" and "lonely" and extremely desolate. Why not "mourn for yourself"? Because the patriotic enthusiasm of the poet has reached the level of selflessness, he has not paid attention to his personal health and living environment, but has the spirit of "thinking for the country and guarding the wheel platform". However, he doesn't know that the reality is cruel and independent of human will. All he can do is "think"
The last two sentences are the deepening of the first two sentences, focusing on the word "dream", which makes the image touching. The poet's dream of a military commander was formed because of his concern for state affairs, and his ambition of "guarding the wheel platform" was reproduced in the form of a dream. Dream reflects the sorrow of political reality: the poet wants to serve the country but is excluded from killing the enemy, and his feelings of protecting the enemy can only be reflected in his dreams. However, the poet does not feel sorry for himself at all.
Send another one!
(1) Xia Sai-the title of the ancient songs. Most of these works describe frontier scenery and war life.
(2) fright-suddenly blown by the wind.
Bowing-Bowing and opening, including the next archery.
(4) Plain and bright-just before dawn.
⑤ White feather-the white feather behind the shaft, which refers to the arrow here.
6. No fall, that is, drilling.
⑦ Stone edge-the corner of the stone.
This frontier poem describes a general who killed a tiger. It is based on the biography of General Li written by Sima Qian, a scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, and records the deeds of the famous Li Guang at that time. The original text is: "You went hunting widely and saw a stone in the grass. You killed it as a tiger. If you look at it, you will see a stone. "
The first two sentences of the poem describe what happened: in the middle of the night, the forest was dark, and suddenly the wind was blowing hard, and the grass was undulating by Joe; A white tiger fainted at the frogman landing place. At this moment, the general is flying through the forest. He is quick-sighted and quick-handed, and he draws a bow and shoots arrows. ...
The result of the last two sentences is that the next morning, the general remembered what happened in the forest last night and came to the scene along the original road. He couldn't help being surprised: in the bright morning light, he clearly saw that he had shot a boulder instead of a tiger. Fear crouched there silently, and the white arrow plunged deep into the edge of the crevice! Please note that the place where the arrow enters is not a cave, a gap or a stone surface, but a narrow and sharp stone edge-what a great arm strength and martial arts it takes!
Someone wants to ask, why didn't the general kill the tiger until the next morning? The original story didn't tell me that it was a stone the next day! This is the poet's artistic treatment. First, it can show the general's confidence. It has always been very popular. Are you afraid it won't die or run this time? Second, it can increase the intuition of the image and make people see it more clearly. If you watch it at night, of course, you can find it is a misunderstanding, but it is difficult to achieve the vivid effect of the current picture.
Poetry pays the most attention to implication and suggestion. When we see the description of the arrow hitting the stone in the poem, we will naturally associate it with: What would it be like if it were a tiger? What happens if you shoot enemy soldiers and horses on the battlefield? As a result, the image of a general with strong martial arts and bravery stood in front of us.