"Jian Jia" is a nostalgic poem. There are always different opinions on who she is thinking about, so the explanations of the poem's theme and writing motivation are also very different. We regard "Yiren" as the object of the author's admiration and love, regardless of whether he is a friend or a lover.
"The jianjia is green and the white dew is frost." The first two sentences point out the time and environment. Take a look, the densely growing reeds have shown a green color, and the crystal clear dew drops have turned into white frost flowers. This is clearly a scene in the late autumn morning. The slight autumn wind carries a chilling feeling. At this time, the poet was wandering by the river full of reeds. Sometimes he looked up into the distance, sometimes he lowered his eyebrows in deep thought, feeling anxious and restless. It turned out that he was missing and pursuing someone. "The so-called beauty is on the other side of the water." These two sentences explain the person the poet admires and the place where he is. "Yiren" is not a general title. It should refer to a person who has a close relationship with the poet, who is respected and loved by the poet and has never been forgotten. The word "so-called" appears before "the beautiful person", indicating that this beautiful person is often mentioned and talked about constantly, but now he is far away from the poet on the other side of the long river. "On the side of the water", the tone is affirmative, indicating that the poet is convinced of his existence and is full of confidence to pursue him. It's just that the river is isolated and it's not easy to meet each other. At this time, the poet is eager to see and see through the autumn water. His heart is surging. He keeps looking and searching. How he hopes to find a way to the other side to meet his sweetheart!
"If you follow it for migratory steps, the road will be long and blocked; if you follow it for migratory steps, it will be like walking in the middle of the water." There is a road, and there is more than one, but which one should we choose? If you walk up the river path, the road is rugged, dangerous, and long. From here, even if you can get there, it will take a long time. For the poet who is already anxious and can't wait to see each other right away, How can one wait? Then choose the water path and swim straight across. Although this road is not far away, there is a vast expanse of autumn water in front of you. It is within your reach but not easy to walk. The poet thought about it, as if he had already seen the beautiful figure in the middle of the river. A small island surrounded by water. At this time, although the poet was still standing by the river, his mind was already racing, his eyes were blurred, and it was difficult to distinguish what was true from false. The word "wan" is used magically and exquisitely, and it vividly depicts the poet's intoxicated mental state when he is thinking about seeing the beautiful woman at this moment. These lines of poetry are written in a leisurely, tactful and wonderful way. Fang Yurun has a pertinent comment: "If you play with the words, you may be elusive, but if you taste the meaning, you will not be far away if you really want it. If you think about it, you will get it." ” ("Original Book of Songs")
The poem adopts the form of repeated chapters and sentences. The content of the second and third chapters is basically the same as that of the first chapter. The change of individual words avoids the rigidity of the poem and increases the content of the poem. The harmonious beauty of rhythm also makes the poetry slightly progressive. At the same time, repeated chanting makes the emotions expressed in the poem more and more intense. For example, the three sentences "Jianjia Cangcang", "Jianjia Desolate" and "Jianjia Caicai" describe the color of the reeds changing from green to sad, and from sad to white. Step by step, the desolate atmosphere of late autumn is rendered more and more vivid. It became stronger and stronger, highlighting that the poet's environment at that time was very cold and his mood was very lonely. The three sentences "white dew is frost", "white dew is still fresh" and "white dew is not over" capture the gradual process of dew turning into frost, frost flowers melting into water, and water constantly evaporating, vividly depicting It shows the trajectory of time development, indicating that the poet came to the river at dawn and stayed until dawn passed and the sun was about to rise. Just imagine, how anxious and melancholy he must feel if he has been wandering alone in the cold and lonely wilderness for a long time, facing the boundless autumn water, waiting for and finding no one! Another example is the description of Yi Ren's location in the poem, which is also clearer and more specific from chapter to chapter. The first chapter says "On the side of the water", which is more general. The second chapter says "On the side of the water", which is more specific, indicating that there is water and grass there. The third chapter says "On the side of the water", which means that the beautiful lady is there. The water side where the water plants meet. It can be inferred from this that Yiren may be on the other side at this time, waiting for the poet's arrival. Written in this way, not only the artistic conception of the poem has been expanded, but the poet's desire to meet the beautiful woman has also become more urgent. In addition, when writing about the path of retracing one's journey, first it says "The road is blocked and long", then "The road is blocked and it is right", and then "The road is blocked and it is right". These three words are "long", "jian" and "right". With the transformation, it is written that this road is not only far away, but also has a steep slope, and it is also winding and full of dangers and obstacles. This shows that it is indeed difficult to find a lover here. The more difficult the road is written here, the more it can set off the poet's eagerness to see the beautiful woman. As for writing about the beauty as "Wan in the middle of the water", "Di in the water", "Water in the water", it is also more specific step by step. First, write down the location - the middle of the river, then specify that it is a small island, and finally say that it is a small beach in the water. Although this is the poet's illusion, it makes people feel very real. Through this form of refrain, the poem expresses implicit and profound meaning, which is worthy of chewing and appreciation.
This is a lyrical poem. The beginning of each chapter adopts the style of writing inspired by the poem. By writing about the scene seen, it creates an ethereal and lyrical artistic conception that envelopes the entire article. Jianjia and white dew are the two natural scenes that best exaggerate the desolate atmosphere of late autumn. The poet did not hesitate to use thick ink and color to describe them repeatedly, making the whole poem full of "cold" meaning, which effectively highlights the feeling that he is missing people. A sad and melancholy mood. At the same time, it is also because of the sad mood that the late autumn scenery becomes even more sad and lonely.
This technique of expressing feelings through scenery and empathizing with scenery not only deepens the poetic meaning, but also increases the artistic appeal of poetry.
In addition to describing real scenes such as "Jianjia", "White Dew" and "River", as well as the actual situation of loving people looking for a way, the poem also uses "Wanzai" at the end of each chapter, A new world of imagination and fantasy has been opened up with the pen of virtual writing. It seems that the person you cherish is right in front of you, just out of reach. This writing method that combines reality and virtuality broadens the artistic conception of the poem, and at the same time enhances the lyrical meaning of the poem, expressing the rich and sincere feelings of the cherished person in a tactful and euphemistic way.
This poem has a clear artistic influence on later generations of poetry. For example, Song Yu, the writer of "Chu Ci", has this description of autumn scenery in "Nine Bian":
"Sad, autumn is the spirit! It's bleak, the grass and trees are falling and decaying; it's bleak, as if you're on a long journey; you're climbing a mountain, near the water, to see you back. It's lonely, the sky is high, and the air is clear; it's lonely, it's sluggish, and the water is clear; "The desolation increases and the people are in the cold." By writing about the weather of autumn and the color and shape of fallen trees, it creates a solemn atmosphere to express the poet's sadness. From the use of this scene blending technique, we can get a glimpse of the inheritance and development clues of "Chu Ci" from "The Book of Songs". Another example is the poem "There is a tall building in the northwest" in "Nineteen Ancient Poems". Its origin is found in the poem, and the scenery is used to set off the lyrical atmosphere of the whole poem. It is completely copied from the beginning of the poem "Jian Jia". In addition, Cao Pi, who was far away from the era of "The Book of Songs", also transformed the poem "The wind is bleak and the weather is cool, and the grass and trees are shaking and falling and the dew turns to frost" from the poem "Jian Jia" (see "Yan Ge Xing"). It can be seen that the expression method of the poem "Jianjia" does have an enlightening effect on future generations of poets that cannot be ignored.