The first mode is to analyze the artistic conception type
1 Questioning method: What kind of artistic conception does this poem create?
2 Question variations: What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings does the poet express?
3 Answer analysis: This is the most common question type. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginative state created by the combination of objects (i.e. images) that entrust the poet's emotions. It includes three aspects: scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.
4 Answer steps:
①Describe the picture shown in the poem. Candidates should grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in their own words. When describing, you must first be faithful to the original poem, and second, use your own associations and imagination to recreate it. The language must be beautiful.
② Summarize the atmosphere characteristics created by the scenery. Generally, two two-syllable words can be used, such as lonely and deserted, quiet and beautiful, majestic and majestic, bleak and desolate, etc. Pay attention to accurately reflecting the characteristics and mood of the scenery.
③Analyze the author’s thoughts and feelings. Don't be vague, be specific in your answers. For example, just answering "expressing the author's sentimental feelings" is not enough. Answer why it is "sentimental".
5 answer examples: Two quatrains (Part 1)
Note? This poem was written when the poet temporarily settled in a thatched cottage in Chengdu after the wandering life of "one year old and four lines of labor" .
What kind of scenery does this poem describe? What feelings does the poet express? Please give a brief analysis.
Answer: This poem describes a beautiful early spring scene: the sun shines in the spring, the fields are green, the river reflects the sun, the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants, the mud melts and the soil is moist, and the swallows are busy building nests in the mud. , the sun is bright and the sand is warm, the mandarin ducks are sleeping quietly on the sandbar (step 1). This is a clear and gorgeous spring scene picture (step 2). It expresses the poet's joyful and leisurely state of mind after ending his wandering life and settling down (step three).
The second mode is analytical skills type
1 Questioning method: What kind of expression technique is used in this poem?
2 Question variations: Please analyze the performance techniques (or artistic techniques, or techniques) of this poem. How does the poet express his emotions? What is the effect?
3 Answer analysis: Expression techniques are the means used by poets to express their emotions. To answer the question accurately, you must be familiar with some commonly used expression techniques. Expression techniques are divided into three categories: lyrical techniques, descriptive techniques, and rhetorical techniques.
There are two types of lyrical techniques: direct expression of feelings and indirect expression of emotion. "An Neng can crush my eyebrows and bend my waist to serve the powerful, which makes me unhappy" is a direct expression of my heart. Indirect expressions of emotion can be divided into expressions of emotion through scenery, such as "The cicadas are mournful, facing the long pavilion at night, and the showers have just stopped"; expressing one's ambitions based on objects, such as "Ink Plum" and "Lime Song", which are generally poems chanting objects; expressing emotions based on objects, such as "Half an acre of square pond is open, and the skylight and cloud shadows are lingering. Ask the canal how clear it is, so that there is a source of living water." It is usually a philosophical poem.
The main description techniques are: (1) foil, which is divided into positive foil and reverse foil. It is like "The water in Peach Blossom Pond is a thousand feet deep, but it is not as deep as Wang Lun's sending me love." In contrast, there is movement and stillness, such as "the bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring rocks flow up"; the sound is silent, such as "the sunrise scares the mountains, and the birds sing in the spring stream"; the music and scenery are used to contrast the sadness, such as "the green grass reflects on the steps" Since the spring scenery, the oriole has a good sound in the sky through the leaves, etc. (2) Association and imagination, also known as the combination of virtual and real, such as "the wild flowers leave treasures, and the green grass reveals the skirt." (3) Contrast. (4) Line drawing. For example, "One grain of millet is planted in the spring, and ten thousand seeds are harvested in the autumn. There is no idle land in the fields, and all the farmers starve to death."
Rhetorical techniques that often appear in ancient poetry include: (1) Bixing. Such as "Guan Guan Jujiu, in the river island. A graceful lady, a gentleman likes to fight." First, let’s talk about other things that cause the things that are being chanted. (2) Metaphor. (3) Personification. (4) Exaggeration. (5)Pun. For example, "The sun rises in the east and rains in the west. There is no sunshine but there is sunshine." "Qing" implies the "qing" of emotion. (6) Use allusions. For example, "The merchant girl did not know the hatred of her country's subjugation, but she still sang "Flowers in the Back Garden" across the river." In addition, there are hypothetical questions, rhetorical questions, irony, etc.
4 Answer steps: (1) Accurately point out what method was used. (2) Explain why this method is used based on the poem. (3) This technique effectively conveys the poet's feelings.
Answer examples:
What are the main expression techniques used in this poem? What is the effect?
Answer: Mainly using contrast technique (step 1). Before daybreak, the stars are criss-crossed and extremely bright, contrasting with the darkness of the night; the "humming of grass and insects" contrasts with the silence of the environment (step 2). Both contrasts highlight the poet's early travel and the loneliness in his heart caused by wandering (step three).
The third mode is to analyze the language characteristics
1 Questioning method: What are the language characteristics of this poem?
2 Question variation: Please analyze the language style of this poem. Let’s talk about the language art of this poem.
3 Answer analysis: This type of question does not require you to figure out the clever use of individual words, but to appreciate the language style expressed in the entire poem. Words that can be used to answer questions generally include: fresh and natural, unpretentious, gorgeous, clear and clear, commonly used in spoken language, euphemistic and implicit, powerful and bold, graceful in style, concise and vivid...
4 Answer steps: (1) ) Use one or two words to accurately point out the language features. (2) Use relevant sentences in the poem to analyze this feature in detail. (3) Point out what kind of emotions the author expresses.
5 Answer examples:
Please analyze the language characteristics of this poem.
Answer: The language of this poem is characterized by freshness, naturalness, and colloquialism (step 1). "Huang Ying'er" is the pronunciation of "er", which shows the innocence and naivety of the woman. "When it cries, it frightens the concubine's dream, but she cannot go to western Liaoning" uses simple language to indicate that the reason for beating the oriole is because it disturbs her sweet dream of missing her husband (step 2). This very naturally expresses the woman's longing for her husband (step three).
The fourth mode: word refining
1 Questioning method: What is the most vivid and expressive word in this couplet? Why?
2 Question variation: A certain word has always been praised by people. What do you think is good about it?
3 Answer analysis: The ancients paid attention to the refinement of characters when writing poems. This type of question requires you to appreciate the beauty of these refined characters. When answering the question, the word cannot be discussed in isolation. It must be placed in the sentence and analyzed in conjunction with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem.
4 Answer steps: (1) Explain the meaning of the word in the sentence. (2) Expand the association and put the word into the original sentence to describe the scene. (3) Point out what kind of artistic conception the word highlights or what kind of emotion it expresses.
5 answer examples:
Predecessors believed that the word "kan" may seem ordinary, but in fact it is very expressive. It can truly reveal the image of the lyrical protagonist. Do you agree with this statement? Why?
Answer: Agree. Look, in the poem, means looking back (step 1). Li Ren left alone, but he kept looking back. Every time he looked back, he felt heartbroken. This word makes us seem to see the image of the lyrical protagonist with tears in his eyes, wanting to see but not daring to see (step 2). Just the word "look" vividly expresses the sadness of parting (step three).
The fifth mode: one word leads to the whole poem
1 Questioning method: A certain word is the key to the whole poem, why?
2 Answer analysis: Ancient poetry pays great attention to conception. Often one word or word can constitute the clue of the whole poem, the emotional tone of the whole poem, and the thought of the whole poem. By grasping this word, the proposition can often be solved in a small way. It tests the candidate's grasp of the whole poem.
3 Answer steps: (1) The role of this word in highlighting the main idea. (2) Consider the role of the word in the structure of the poem.
4 Answer examples:
The word "break willow" is the key to the whole poem. What does "break willow" mean? Do you agree with the "key" statement and why? (2002 college entrance examination question)
Answer: The meaning of "breaking willow" is "to say goodbye and cherish the distant future", and the theme of the poem is homesickness (step 1). This homesickness is caused by hearing the flute playing the song "Breaking Willow" (Step 2). It can be seen that "breaking willow" is the key to the whole poem.
8. Tips for appreciating ancient poetry