Senior High School Composition "China Couplet"

1 the origin of cultural couplets Wang Anshi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in "January Day": In addition to firecrackers in a year, spring breeze brings warmth. Thousands of families always trade new peaches for old ones. What do "new peach" and "old symbol" mean? In modern terms, it is the Spring Festival couplets. Spring Festival couplets are a kind of couplets. How did China Spring Festival couplets develop? As a unique literary form, Spring Festival couplets have a long history in China. It began in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and has developed for more than a thousand years today. As early as before the Qin and Han dynasties, there was a custom of hanging peach symbols around the gate every New Year. Fu Tao is two big boards made of peach wood, on which are written the names of the legendary gods and spirits who exorcise ghosts and suppress evil spirits. This custom lasted for more than 1000 years. It was not until the Five Dynasties that people began to put couplets on mahogany boards instead of the names of gods. According to historical records, on New Year's Eve in 964 AD, Meng Chang, the master of Houshu, wrote a couplet on the bedroom door, namely, "On New Year's Eve, Jia Jienuo. Changchun ",the earliest Spring Festival couplets in China. After the Song Dynasty, it has become quite common for people to hang Spring Festival couplets in the New Year. Therefore, Wang Anshi wrote in the poem "January Day" that "thousands of households always change new peaches for old ones" was a true portrayal of the Spring Festival couplets at that time. Due to the close relationship between the appearance of Spring Festival couplets and Fu Tao, the ancients also called Spring Festival couplets "Fu Tao". In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding father of the Ming Dynasty, strongly advocated couplets. After establishing the capital of Jinling (now Nanjing), he ordered ministers, officials and ordinary people to write a couplet and put it on the door before New Year's Eve. Dressed in casual clothes, he went out door to door to watch the excitement. Scholars at that time also regarded couplets as elegant enjoyment, and writing Spring Festival couplets became a social fashion. After entering the Qing Dynasty, couplets prevailed in Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang generations. Just like the prosperous Tang Dynasty, many famous couplets appeared. With the development of cultural exchanges among countries, couplets were introduced to Vietnam, Korea, Japan, Singapore and other countries. These countries still have the custom of pasting couplets. On the eve of the Spring Festival in 964 (the twenty-seventh year of Zheng Guang's reign), Meng Changjun, the Lord of Shu, suddenly ordered his ministers to write couplets on the "Fu Tao Board" (a red wooden board painted with statues, which was thought to ward off evil spirits in the old days) to test their talents. However, when courtiers wrote dialogues to Meng Chang, Meng Chang was not satisfied. So, he personally picked up a pen and wrote on the "Fu Tao Board": New Year, Qing Yu Festival, Changchun. This is the earliest Spring Festival couplets recorded in Chinese characters. The types of couplets can be divided into Spring Festival couplets according to the contents reflected and the occasions used: couplets specially posted on New Year's Day and Spring Festival are called Spring Festival couplets with the main contents of saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new, expressing their heartfelt feelings, being full of lofty sentiments and looking forward to the future because of their strong timeliness. For example, in order to express a certain desire or meet the needs of decoration, couplets used to be carved on the pillars of government houses, houses, temples and gardens, or carved with wooden boards or carved on wall stones, which are collectively called couplets. For example, 1979, the "Yue Temple" in Hangzhou was renovated. Zhao Puchu, a well-known contemporary poet and calligrapher, changed the meaning of Yue Fei's "full of river red" and wrote a magnificent new couplet for the big columns on both sides of the reconstructed Yue Fei statue: I hope the weather will be beautiful, inspire people's souls, revitalize the temple today, reopen the ancient cypress and look up to Chihiro. Wedding couplets: Couplets specially selected or written to express warm atmosphere on the wedding day. For example, Spring Festival Evening couplets are used in memorial services or commemorative meetings to evaluate the life achievements of ancestors and express the sincere nostalgia of future generations, which is a wonderful way to add moonlight to flowers. For example, an elegiac couplet in memory of the beloved Premier Zhou: the revolutionary cause of the old cadres is like the towering Mount Tai shaking the world, and the ashes are covered with the kindness of the Prime Minister, such as drops of rain and dew moistening people's hearts. When the elderly celebrate their birthdays, children often write some auspicious words seriously, or stick them on the door or hang them in the hall. This is the so-called birthday couplets. For example, happiness in the East China Sea is longer than longevity in Nanshan. The requirements of couplets are both "right" and "couplet". In the form of pairs, they are "right" to each other; The contents of the context take care of each other and are closely related. The upper and lower couplets must have a complete and unified structure and clear and concise language. The requirements of couplets are: the number of words in the upper and lower couplets should be equal; The phrases of the upper couplet and the lower couplet should be the same: that is, the phrases that make up the upper couplet are several words respectively, and the corresponding phrases of the lower couplet must also be several words respectively. The upper and lower parts of speech should be consistent; The so-called part of speech refers to the category nature of words, such as nouns, verbs and adjectives. The part of speech of the upper couplet and the part of speech of the lower couplet should be the same and relative according to the order of words. This requirement is mainly to better express the ideological content in symmetrical artistic language. The syntax of up and down links should be consistent; Syntax is the way to make sentences. In a couplet, the first couplet is composed of several words, so must the second couplet. Up and down should be harmonious; In the expression of couplets, we should pay attention to the relative melody, that is, the tone is even and gentle. This is mainly for the sake of harmonious phonology, scattered ups and downs, and pleasing to the ear. For example, the cloud brought the bell through the tree to the flat, flat, flat, and the moon moved on the flat in Jiang Lai. There are mainly two syllables in ancient poetry, one is called "two-tone step" and the other is called "one-tone step". Two-tone step is mainly based on the second word, and the first word is not strict, and couplets are also acceptable. For example, this window contains four berths of Xiling Qianqiuxue-Pingping-Pingping, Wu Dong Wan Li Ship-Pingping-Pingping. The upper "window" and the lower "door" are flat to flat, and "west" and "east" are opposite. The contents of the up and down links should be related; For example, Gu Xiancheng, the leader of Lindong Party in the Ming Dynasty, wrote such a couplet on the gate of Donglin Academy: The sound of wind and rain, the sound of reading, all care about the family, the country and the world. The first part writes about scenery, the second part expresses ambition, and the content of the first part is closely related, which makes it easy for people to understand the author's self-encouragement and self-motivation literally. Six thousand years ago, I changed the Nishikawa Bureau many times, and made great achievements. I acted as a hero, leaped over the hill and climbed the dragon, died before the slope, and crouched tiger sang frogs at the bottom of the well. Suddenly the iron horse and the golden pavilion, suddenly the silver Di, if not Long song short fu, scattered writing yee hate leisure; Curling cloister, windy and rainy. I was dumbfounded, and there was no return to the four seas. Jumped to death and finally fell into the trap of Gankun. And attach a bow to the dangerous building: look, that cloud is my day? Note: It was found in Chongli Building, Wangjiang Building, Chengdu. This couplet consists of ***2 10, which is 30 words more than the above-mentioned couplet of Daguanyuan, but it is not as famous as Daguanyuan. But when it comes to the first couplet in the world, this pair ranks third at most. Look at the two pairs below. 3. This pair is relatively long (220 words): Who said that peach blossoms are thin? Look at that brilliance, adding color to many beautiful women. Dropping clear dew, admiring thousands of beautiful buds and flowing clouds. After all, He Chun didn't go to Murphy to bear one fruit after another. So Zhong Ping set a plan, and the thief Dou Taihou gave a banquet, and Liu Lang wrote an inscription. In addition, nucleolar drugs can treat chronic diseases with jaundice. Dry knives can drive away ghosts and capture the beauty of cats, knowing that the season makes the group fragrant. It is said that autumn chrysanthemum and winter plum, be careful not to blindly follow poison friends. Part two: I boast of the enchanting land, overlooking the green ridge and adding clouds to the Qiongge. There is Zhuoming Lake and Shili Jialin to collect scenery and paint. As if the new dust had gone, cranes were flying in the air because of their favor. No wonder Wenshan Range Rover, holding high the joy, visiting friends in Qincun, and splashing ink on the monument. If Tomb-Sweeping Day is resurrected, the fisherman will be called back to despair; The spirits are all near-re-embodiment, and the songs to be sung today. Don't be sad, the red rain falls on the quiet stream, and the coquettish leaves continue to hang down, which makes you believe that ordinary people don't have to feather into immortals. Note: It was found in Taochuan Palace, Taohuayuan Scenic Area, Hunan Province, and was written by Modern Chang. 4. This pair may really be the first couplet in the world (350 words): according to legend, Lu Shao came here first, but Chu and Shu failed the exam. How can it be said that it was copied from which dynasty? Strive to climb mountains away from poverty and congestion, and people who feel at home are on a platform. Only Mi Heng wrote a poem and Cui Hao wrote a poem, which will be handed down forever. Wandering behind the official track, choosing victory depends on the face, connecting Anhui and Henan in the east, Jingxiang in the west, Changyue in the south, and resting in the north. In the vast universe, Hu goes to a stranger. Hang up the eaves, listen to a few times, hang up the sails, play with the snow waves and clouds, and get out of the top of the hundred feet. The towering Pinclay and Liang Dong regained their pride in the gorge, thanks to the efforts of the public. The immortal Xiongnu is an illusion. Xi will wear a sword on his shoulder, drink money in the bushes, play the flute on the ridge and have a crane shadow in the air. Part II: 7 Pan Feng supports Jiege. To say that Xin Qiji was at the beginning of the furnace means that Bao Ming spread far and wide, and Jin history was lacking in doubt. who did you hear that from？ I admire the emperor's early days from battlebase, and I think of many characters in those days, but the clouds and bears left behind are always bright. The rest robbed King Tu, saying that he was mighty for a while, and was ordered to destroy the yellow string, drive solemnly and widely, practice magical powers, and build zhanghua in one spirit, falling down and heroic, and finally ending in the setting sun. However, the Hanshui River in Fangcheng still remembers Zhou Gezhao Hall, so unlike Qingchuan, it is still Yao Tianshun's day, with hundreds of millions of people climbing to heaven, sweeping the ground, grabbing a clean place, seeing great achievements and celebrating today's happiness. Romantic talk is endless, and I can't appreciate the willow shade, jujube in front of the pavilion, grass color in front of the continent and plum blossoms on the river abroad. Note: Found in Yellow Crane Tower, Wuchang, the author is unknown. This may really be the first long couplet in ancient and modern times. The following couplets can also be regarded as long couplets: If you are a frequent guest, why not ask Kangning? But there is money in the bag, wine in the urn and food in the pot. Take some old pages and let the waves sing. Wealth should be broad, skin appearance should be stubborn, and facial features should be smart, which is better than thousands of officials. After 60 years, I am not so determined to become an immortal, and there are troubles in the air. Only make the ears have no vulgar sounds, eyes have no vulgar things, and the chest has no vulgar things. A few random new flowers crisscrossed. Going to bed late and getting up early is like two days a day. Zheng Xie lived for sixty years, and fought his sword from the clouds as a dry city. Loyalty is not easy. The sound of the army is in Huaihai, but his love is in Jiangnan. Looking back on the great rivers and mountains, he never left Chixian to resist Japan, and his heroism still exists, which is worthy of his life and he has made great contributions to the world. Jiuquan should laugh. Mr. Wang stood in the middle of the revolution before his death, connecting the past with the future, washing away the old, highlighting the national justice and recreating Gan Kun; For more than 40 years, I have been worried about the country and the people, tearing down the sky and the land, becoming red and red, arousing the spirit of independent accounting and sincerely defending the righteousness of the world. China is a place where world powers compete, from Taixi to Japan, political plunder, economic aggression, and even conspiracy, fighting for slaves and horses; Our party is suitable, I am sad for the founding of the country, and the clouds are sad and dark. I asked who would succeed and resolutely regrouped; There are hundreds of millions of people, but workers and peasants must work together on the basis of the three people and five rights, follow the legacy of sacrifice and struggle, and become a great cause to comfort Sun Yat-sen's hero Li Dazhao to join the revolution, do his best for the people, celebrate the world at home, and share the lofty spirit; Two Long March, which lasted seven years; Exile in a foreign country, if after ten degrees in the Spring and Autumn Period, the reactionary plot draws empty cakes and imprisons several places, which is particularly strong; On the east bank, the party's postponement represents state affairs, and the great talents cannot be redeemed. After 20 years of hardships, classmate Su Jing went to the northern expedition side by side, and * * * raised the banner of righteousness; Once we broke up across the ocean, the anti-Japanese army flourished, and the whole country fought bloody battles. Maolin was scarred and trapped; I am very happy to get out of prison this time, and meet again after such a long separation. What do you mean, on the black tea mountain, I want to fly to the starry sky; I cried about my old friend's growth strategy, and Nie Rongzhen, the hero I lost all over the world, came to my eyes with the 500-mile Dianchi Lake in Ye Ting, draped over my shoulders and rejoiced in the boundless space. The east sees God, the west sees spirit, the north sees collaterals and the south sees mourning. A master of rhyming, why not let players board the ship. Riding on the crab island and Luozhou, combing in the wind and fog. It is even more beautiful, dotted with some jade feathers and Danxia. Don't be lonely for thousands of years, such as fragrant rice, clear sand, September hibiscus and March willow. Pay attention to it and make the wine empty and sigh who is the hero. I want to learn from China Ship, Tang Biao Iron Column, Song yu fu and Yuan Dynasty Leather Bag. Wei Lie played an important role in moving mountains and rivers. Draw a building with a bead curtain, and the volume is not as good as the sunset rain. Then I broke the wreckage and gave it all to the pale smoke. Only won a few pestle bells, half a river fishing fire, two rows of autumn geese, and a pillow clearing frost [Qing] Sun Beard Title: Daguanlou, Dianchi Lake, Kunming: