Yu
Rang Zhi won the throne. Legend has it that he was the leader of the Xiahou clan, the son who inherited the throne from his father, and the founder of Chinese slavery.
Yu, Si’s surname is the Xia Hou family, and her given name is Wenming, and her nickname is Yu. Later generations will honor her as Dayu, and she is the great-great-grandson of the Xuanyuan family of the Yellow Emperor. Through Zen
Dayu led the people to fight against the floods caused by natural disasters, and finally won. Facing the raging floods, Dayu learned from Gun's failure to control the floods, changed the method of "blocking", and channeled the floods, which showed that he had the intelligence to lead the people to overcome difficulties; in order to control the floods, Dayu spent many years away from home. Fighting together with the people, ignoring the family, "passing through the door three times without entering."
Qi Huangong
Qi Huangong
Qi Huangong
(? - October 7, 643 BC), Qi State in the Spring and Autumn Period The fifteenth king, reigned from 685 BC to 643 BC. The surname is Jiang and the given name is Xiaobai. The son of Duke Xi of Qi and the younger brother of Duke Xianggang of Qi, his mother was a native of Wei. The first of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period. After Qi Xianggong and Qi Jun Wuwu died in civil strife one after another, Xiaobai and Gongzi Jiu succeeded in the struggle for the throne, that is, the monarch was Duke Huan of Qi. Gradually become stronger. In 681 BC, Duke Huan convened the princes of Song, Chen and other four kingdoms for an alliance in Zhen (now Juancheng, Shandong). Duke Huan of Qi was the first prince in history to serve as the leader of the alliance. At that time, the various princes in the Central Plains were suffering from the attacks of the Rong, Di and other tribes, so Duke Huan of Qi took up the banner of "respecting the king and repelling the barbarians" and attacked the Shan Rong in the north and the Chu Kingdom in the south. Duke Huan became the overlord of the Central Plains and was rewarded by the Emperor of Zhou. Duke Huan was mediocre in his later years, trusting villains such as Yi Ya and Shu Diao, and eventually starved to death during civil strife.
Shang Yang
Shang Yang (about 395 BC - 338 BC), Han nationality, was a native of Weiguo (now Huangliangzhuang Town, Anyang City, Henan Province). A statesman and thinker during the Warring States Period, and a representative figure of Pre-Qin Legalism. Ji's surname is Wei. Also known as Wei Yang and Gongsun Yang (the "Wei" in Wei Yang refers to the surname of the country, and the "Shang" in Shang Yang refers to the surname of the residence or the surname of the official). "The son of the princes is called the prince, the grandson of the princes is called Gongsun, and the son of Gongsun is called the king." The father's name is "Shi". The ancestor of Wei Yang was the King of Wei, so he was also called Gongsun Yang.) Shang Yang entered Qin in response to Qin Xiaogong's request for virtue, and persuaded Qin Xiaogong to change the law and become stronger. After the death of Duke Xiao, he was framed by the nobles of Qin and jealous of King Huiwen of Qin. His car broke apart and he died. He was in power in Qin for more than 20 years, and the Qin State was greatly governed, known in history as the "Shang Yang Reform", and made the Qin State superior to the six states of Shandong for a long time, but in the end he died by his own laws.
Reform:
1. Establish household registration and strengthen criminal law
2. Reward production
3. Reward military merit
< p>4. Promote the county system5. Recognize the private ownership of land
6. Unify weights and measures
Zhang Qian
Zhang Qian (about BC 164-114 BC), Han nationality, courtesy name Ziwen, a native of Chenggu, Hanzhong County (now Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province), an outstanding explorer, traveler and diplomat in the Han Dynasty of China, who made significant contributions to the development of the Silk Road . The Han Dynasty opened up the north-south road leading to the Western Regions, and introduced sweat horses, grapes, alfalfa, pomegranates, walnuts, flax, etc. from the countries in the Western Regions.
Zhang Qian's Passage to the Western Regions
In the first year of Emperor Wu's founding of the Han Dynasty (140 BC), Emperor Wu wanted to unite Dayue clan troops to attack the Xiongnu, so Zhang Qian was recruited as an envoy. After leaving Longxi, he passed through the Xiongnu and was captured. Afterwards, he escaped and traveled west to Dawan, passing through Kangju, arriving at Dayuezhi, and then to Daxia, where he stayed for more than a year before returning. On his way back, Zhang Qian changed his route to the south, in close proximity to Nanshan in order to avoid being discovered by the Huns. However, Zhang Qian was captured by the Huns and detained for more than a year. In the third year of Yuanshuo (126 BC), the Huns were in civil strife. Zhang Qian took the opportunity to escape back to the Han Dynasty and reported in detail the situation in the Western Regions to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu granted him the title of Taizhong Dafu. Because of Zhang Qian's prestige in the Western Regions, the envoys sent by the Han Dynasty were often called Bowang Hou to win the trust of other countries. Zhang Qian made outstanding contributions to opening up the Silk Road from China to the Western Regions, and is still praised by the world.
Cai Lun
Cai Lun (61?～121), courtesy name Jingzhong, Han nationality, was a native of Guiyang County in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The inventor of papermaking among my country's four great inventions. Since ancient times, words have been written or carved on bamboo pieces and then compiled into books. The silk used for writing is called paper. Silk was expensive and bamboo slips were too bulky and difficult to use. Cai Lun then figured out a way to make paper from tree bark, hemp heads, rags, and fishing nets.
In the first year of Yuanxing (the reign title of Emperor He of the Han Dynasty), he reported to the emperor. The emperor praised his talent, and from then on all paper made by him was used, so the world called it "Caihou Paper".
Zhang Zhongjing
Zhang Zhongjing, a native of Nanyang, Henan, was a medical scientist in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He was born on the 18th day of the first lunar month in 150 AD and died suddenly in 219 AD at the age of 69. He was born into a declining bureaucratic family, and his father Zhang Zonghan once served as an official in the court. Due to his special family conditions, he had been exposed to many classics since he was a child. After he read the story of Bian Que's visit to Duke Huan of Qi from history books, he developed admiration for Bian Que, which laid the foundation for him to become a famous doctor.
Zhang Zhongjing, a famous medical scientist in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Known as the medical sage. According to legend, he once promoted Xiaolian and served as the governor of Changsha, so he was called Zhang Changsha. Zhang Zhongjing collected medical prescriptions extensively and wrote the masterpiece "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" which has been handed down from generation to generation. The principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment established by it is the basic clinical principle of traditional Chinese medicine and the soul of traditional Chinese medicine. In terms of prescriptions, Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases also made great contributions, creating many dosage forms and recording a large number of effective prescriptions. The treatment principles of syndrome differentiation based on the six meridians established by him have been highly praised by medical scientists of all ages. This is China's first medical monograph that establishes the principles of syndrome differentiation and treatment from theory to practice. It is one of the most influential works in the history of Chinese medicine. It is an essential classic work for later scholars to study traditional Chinese medicine. It is widely valued by medical students and clinicians.
Hua Tuo
Hua Tuo, also known as 旗, was born in Pei Guoqiao (now Bo County, Anhui) in the late Han Dynasty. He was a famous medical scientist in the Three Kingdoms. When he was young, he studied abroad and studied medicine without seeking an official career. He had comprehensive medical skills, and was especially good at surgery. He was known as the "Master of Surgery" and "The Originator of Surgery" by later generations.
Collection of Hua Tuo's portraits and statues (20 photos)". Proficient in internal medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, and acupuncture, he is particularly good at surgery. His medical practice has spread all over Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu and other places. He once used "Ma Fei Powder" to anesthetize a patient and then perform a laparotomy, which is the earliest record of the use of general anesthesia for surgical treatment in the history of world medicine. He also imitated the dynamics of tigers, deers, bears, apes, birds and other animals to create gymnastics called "Five Animals Play" to teach people to keep fit. Later, he was killed for refusing to obey Cao Cao's call, and his medical book "Qing Nang Shu" has been lost. There are relics such as "Huatuo'an" in Bozhou City today.
Sima Qian
Sima Qian (145 BC - after 87 BC), also known as Tai Shi Gong, was a famous historian in the Han Dynasty, and
< p>Portrait of Sima QianSima Guang is collectively known as the "Two Sima in the History" and Sima Xiangru is collectively known as the "Two Sima in the Western Han Dynasty". With his historical knowledge of "studying the relationship between heaven and man, understanding the changes of ancient and modern times, and becoming a family", he created "Historical Records" - the first biographical general history in Chinese history. The book has 130 chapters and more than 520,000 words, including twelve chronicles, ten lists, eight books, thirty families and seventy biographies. It mainly records the affairs of the princes and has a huge influence on later generations. It is known as "true record and faithful", and was praised by Lu Xun as "the swan song of historians, the rhymeless "Li Sao"", one of the "double walls" of history, and the first of the former "Four Histories".
Cao Cao
Cao Cao, whose courtesy name is Mengde and whose nickname is Ah Man, is auspicious, Han nationality, and a native of Peiguoqiao (now Bozhou, Anhui). A famous military strategist, politician and poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty of China, he was the founder and main founder of the Wei state in the Three Kingdoms era, and later became the king of Wei. After his son Cao Pi became emperor, he was honored as Emperor Wu of Wei. Cao Cao fought throughout his life to unify the country as soon as possible. He cultivated fields extensively in the north and built water conservancy projects, which played a certain role in the recovery of agricultural production at that time. Secondly, he employed people based on their talents, broke the concept of family status, restrained tyranny, and achieved social and economic progress in the area he ruled. Recovery and development. In addition, he is also proficient in the art of war and has written books such as "Sun Tzu's Brief Explanation", "The Art of War" and "The New Book of Meng De". As a hero of the generation, he was proficient in music, good at composing poetry, expressing political ambitions, and reflecting the suffering life of the people in the late Han Dynasty, his generosity and desolation.
Zhuge Liang
Statue of Zhuge Liang Zhuge Liang (July 23, 181 - August 28, 234), courtesy name Kongming, nickname Wolong (also known as Fulong), Han nationality, Langyayang A native of Du (now Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong Province), he was the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty and an outstanding statesman, strategist, inventor, and military strategist during the Three Kingdoms period. When he was still alive, he was named Wuxiang Hou, posthumously named Zhongwu Hou; later the Eastern Jin Dynasty, in order to admire Zhuge Liang's military talents, specially named him King Wuxing. His representative works include "The Former Teacher", "The Later Teacher", "The Book of Commandments", etc. Invented wooden cows and flowing horses, Kongming lanterns, etc. There is Wuhou Temple in Chengdu. In addition, the great poet Du Fu's famous poem "The Prime Minister of Shu" has been handed down to the world.
Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty
Emperor Xiaowen (467 AD - 499 AD), whose surname was "Tuoba" and whose given name was Hong. He was the eldest son of Tuoba Hong, who reigned from 471 to 499. He was the sixth emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and his posthumous title was Emperor Xiaowen. In 484, Emperor Xiaowen ordered the implementation of a salary system, which improved the corruption in government. In 485, Empress Dowager Feng and Emperor Xiaowen issued an order to equalize land. In 495, the capital was officially moved to Luoyang, and the Xianbei aristocrats were ordered to sinicize and adopt the political system of the Han ruling class. . These reforms accelerated the feudalization process of the northern ethnic minorities at that time and promoted the great integration of the northern ethnic groups.
Zu Chongzhi.
Zu Chongzhi (429 AD - 500 AD) was an outstanding mathematician and scientist in my country. A native of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Han nationality, with the courtesy name Wenyuan. He was born in the sixth year of Yuanjia, Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty, and died in Yongyuan, the second year of Qihunhou. His ancestral home is Qiuxian County, Fanyang County (now Laishui County, Hebei Province). Zu Chongzhi received scientific knowledge passed down from his family since childhood. When he was young, he entered Hualin Academy and engaged in academic activities. Throughout his life, he successively served as a historian in Southern Xuzhou (today's Zhenjiang City), a member of the army in the government, the magistrate of Lou County (today's northeast of Kunshan City), the Yezhe Pushe, and the captain of Changshui School. His main contributions are in mathematics, astronomy, calendar and mechanics.
Mathematical achievements: The book "Zhushu" he wrote was included in the famous "Ten Books on Calculation" and served as a textbook on arithmetic for the Imperial Academy in the Tang Dynasty. Unfortunately, it was later lost. Zu Chongzhi was selected by the China World Records Association as the first scientist in the world to calculate the value of pi to the 7th decimal place, creating the world's best record by the China World Records Association.
Astronomical Calendar
Zu Chongzhi created the "Da Ming Calendar" and was the first to introduce precession into the calendar; adopted a new leap week of 391 years plus 144 leap months; and for the first time accurately measured the number of days in the nodal months. (27.21223), the number of days in the tropical year (365.2428) and other data, and also invented the method of using a standard table to measure the length of the noon sun's shadow in several days before and after the winter solstice to determine the time of the winter solstice.
Mechanical Manufacturing
He designed and manufactured water mills, compasses driven by copper parts, thousand-mile ships, timers, etc. In addition, he also has attainments in music, literature, and textual research. He is proficient in music, good at playing chess, and wrote the novel "Shu Yi Ji". He is one of the few knowledgeable and talented figures in history.
To commemorate this great ancient scientist, people named a crater on the back of the moon "Zu Chong's Crater" and the asteroid 1888 "Zu Chong's Asteroid".
Wang Xizhi
The calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, with the courtesy name Yishao and the name Danzhai, was of Han nationality. His ancestral home was Langya Linyi (now Shandong). He later moved to Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and lived in seclusion in Shan in his later years. County Jinting, a calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty of China, is known as the sage of calligraphy. He successively served as secretary Ying, general Ningyuan, and governor of Jiangzhou. Later, he became the internal historian of Kuaiji, leading the general on the right, and was known as "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Kuaiji". His son Wang Xianzhi was also good at calligraphy and was collectively known as the "Two Kings". . Since then, there have been numerous calligraphy talents in the Wang family. Dongsheng died in the fifth year of Ping Dynasty and was buried in Jinting Waterfall Mountain (also known as Ziteng Mountain). His fifth generation Sun Heng's residence was Jintingguan, and the ruins still exist.
Huangdi Xuanyuan is the ancestor of the Chinese nation, the ancestor of humanity, and the leader of the tribal alliance in ancient China. The Huangdi (English: The huangdi; Yellow emperor) (2697 BC - 2599 BC) was the son of Shaodian. His surname was Gongsun. He lived in Jishui. Because he changed his surname to Ji, he lived in Xuanyuan Hill (in the northwest of Xinzheng, Henan Province), so he was named Xuanyuan. , was born, started a business and established his capital in Youxiong (now Xinzheng, Henan), so he was also called Youxiong. Because of his auspicious native virtue, he was named Huangdi. He was the first to unify the Chinese nation and his great achievements were recorded in history. He sown crops and trees, vigorously developed production, created writing, started to make clothes, built boats and carts, invented compasses, established arithmetic, made music, and created medicine. He was the ancestor of Chinese civilization that connected the past and the future. The legendary leader of the Chinese nation in ancient times and the head of the Five Emperors.
It is said that Emperor Yan was the leader of the tribe surnamed Jiang in ancient times, also known as Chidi and Lieshan clan. He was located in the Weihe area of ??Shaanxi Province in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. One theory is that it is the Shennong family (or the descendants of the Shennong family). According to legend, his mother, named Nv Deng, traveled to Huayang one day and was surrounded by a dragon. She became pregnant through induction and gave birth to Emperor Yan. Legend has it that Emperor Yan had the body of a cow and the head of an ox, with horns on his head. Emperor Yan was born in a stone chamber in Lieshan Mountain and grew up in Jiangshui. He had holy virtues and was known as the King of Fire Virtue, so he was named Emperor Yan. Emperor Yan was young but clever. He could talk in three days, walk in five days, and know how to farm in three years.
He did many good things for the people throughout his life: he taught the people to farm, so that they could have enough food and clothing; in order to protect the people from diseases, he tasted all kinds of medicinal materials, so that he was poisoned seventy times a day. He also made musical instruments to help the people understand etiquette, which was praised by later generations. According to ancient records such as "Historical Records", Emperor Yan's surname was "Yiqi" and his given name was Shinian. My mother is a daughter of Youjiao family, and her name is Nudeng. She is from Shaodianzheng
Zou Ping No. 1 Middle School, I am from the same school as you, o(>﹏<)o!