in the later period of the middle period, the Southern Tang Dynasty became a vassal of the Song Dynasty. When Li Yu was in office, he had been humble to the Song Dynasty. When he was 18, he made contributions, and his government was exhausted. But he still didn't want to cheer up, flashy and extravagant, superstitious about Buddhism, and was finally destroyed by the Song Dynasty. He is an incompetent emperor in politics, but he has many artistic talents, such as calligraphy, painting, mastering temperament, poetry and prose, and his achievements in ci are particularly high.
Li Yu's ci can be divided into two periods, with Song Taizu's eighth year of Kaibao (975) as the boundary. His early ci has shown his extraordinary talent and excellent skills, but the theme is narrow, which mainly reflects the court life and the love between men and women, such as "Jade Louchun", "Snow at the beginning of evening makeup", "Xi Qian Ying", "xiao yue Falling", "Su Yunwei", "Huzhu", "Early makeup" and "Bodhisattva Man". There are also works about parting lovesickness, such as "Qing Ping Le" and "Don't come to Spring Half", etc., which write lyrical scenery and blend into one, which is more healthy and readable. In the later period, Li Yu changed from a little emperor to a prisoner. The humiliating life, the deep pain of national subjugation, and the reminiscence of the past, "I only wash my face with tears every day" (Wang □ "Silent Record"), made his ci achievements greatly exceed the previous period. 〕 BU Zhen Zi 〕 "Home country for forty years" reflects the turning point of his life experience and ci style. Yu Meiren, "When is the spring flowers and autumn moon", "Langtaosha", "Rain gurgling outside the curtain", "Night Crying", "Flowers in the Woods wither in spring" and "Going to the West Building alone without a word" are his later masterpieces, which mainly describe the scene of looking at the fence and returning to the dream, expressing his infinite nostalgia for "the old country" and "the past".
Li Yu's ci has inherited the tradition of Hua Jian ci writers such as Wen Tingyun and Wei Zhuang since the late Tang Dynasty, and has been influenced by Li Jing and Feng Yansi, which has pushed forward the creation of ci. Its main achievements are as follows:
① Expanding the field of expression of words. Before Li Yu, the words were mainly erotic and shallow in content. Even if they contained a little embrace, they mostly used figurative techniques, which were hidden but not revealed. However, most of Li Yu's works are straightforward, pouring out the feeling of his life and country, and expressing his true feelings. Therefore, Wang Guowei said, "When Ci came to Li Houzhu, it began to have a wide vision and deep feelings, so it became a word of a musician and became a word of a scholar-bureaucrat." (
② It has high generality. Li Yu's ci often reflects a certain realm of general significance in real life through concrete and sensible personality images. Famous sentences such as "The small building had an easterly wind last night, and the old country couldn't bear to look back in the middle of the moon and the bright moon" ([Yu Meiren]), "Flowing water has gone in the spring, and it's on earth" ([Langtaosha]), "People naturally grow up and hate water" ([Wu Yeti]), and "Being away from hatred is like spring grass, going further and living" ([Qingpingle]) are profound.
③ The language is natural, concise and expressive. His words are not colorful, but touching; Not vague, but meaningful; Form an artistic feature that is fresh, beautiful and graceful.
④ originality in style. Hua Jian Ji and Southern Tang Ci are generally good at euphemism and beauty, while Li Yu is good at it. Such as "Hao Dang" by [Yulouchun], "Bloody Night Crying", "The majestic bitterness is both male and female" by [Langtaosha] (see Tan Xian's Fu Tang Ci Hua), "Yu Meiren" is natural and unrestrained, "If a foal is born out of control" (Zhou Ji's Introduction) As Nalan Xingde said, "Hua Jian Ci, such as ancient jade, is valuable but not applicable, Song Ci is applicable but less heavy, and Li Houzhu has its beauty, which makes it confusing." (Miscellaneous Notes on the Lushui Pavilion)
Li Yu is rich in poetry, prose, ci, books and paintings. His old minister said that he has 3 volumes of Collected Works and hundreds of miscellaneous notes. There are 1 volumes of Li Yuji in the Records of Reading in the County Zhai, and 1 volumes of Li Houzhu in the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Records of Song History and Arts. There is one volume of Two Main Words in the Southern Tang Dynasty in Solving the Problems in the Records of Zhi Zhai, and now there are 34 Li Yu's poems recorded in Mohuazhai edition in the 48th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (162), among which one poem "Looking at the South of the Yangtze River" can be divided into two. Shao Changguang recorded another song in the post-Qing Dynasty, and Wang Guowei added nine songs as an addendum to Two Main Poems of Southern Tang Dynasty in modern times, but there seem to be many problems among them. According to the opinions of most scholars in modern times, only 32 poems can be identified as Li Yu's. There are two main words in South Tang Dynasty written by Liu Jizeng in Qing Dynasty, two main words in South Tang Dynasty written by Tang Guizhang, and revision of two main words in South Tang Dynasty written by Wang Zhongwen. Zhan Antai's Li Jing Li Yu Ci has detailed annotations. For his deeds, see History of the New Five Dynasties, History of the Song Dynasty, Books of Southern Tang Dynasty by Ma Ling and Lu You, and Chronicle of Two Masters of Southern Tang Dynasty by Xia Chengtao.
Shuang Yan is far away from
Shuang Yan and Shuang Yan, and flying together is enviable.
The Jade Tower and the Pearl Pavilion are not alone, but the embroidered householders meet each other.
Bailiang caught fire and entered the Wu Palace.
The Wu Palace is burning again, and the chicks' nests are empty.
I'm haggard, and I'm widowed.
it's hard to win a threesome, which hurts my heart.
Yangchun Song
In Chang 'an, it is sunny in spring, and the green poplars are smoky and windy.
the flowers in front of the incense-wearing hall are red, and the hair color is embroidered in the household.
among the embroiderers, after each other,
Queen Feiyan danced lightly.
The peerless song of Lady Zi Gong. (generation after generation)
the sage is 36, days, and he is happy every year.
picking flowers in Khotan
People who pick flowers in Khotan say that flowers are similar.
When Princess Ming entered Hu, many Chinese and American women in Hu died of shame.
I know that there are many women in Han Dynasty, and there are no flowers in Hu.
Dan Qing can make the ugly look beautiful, and turn it into a deep palace without salt.
since ancient times, I have been jealous of moths' eyebrows.
after a long separation
don't come home for a few spring,
see cherry blossoms in the jade window.
There is a brocade book,
Opening it makes people feel embarrassed.
at this point, my heart is broken,
the clouds and green temples are tied up. (comb it and make a collection)
Sorrow is like rushing back to the snow.
Last year, I sent books and newspapers to the balcony.
this year, sending books is a heavy reminder,
the east wind is blowing.
blowing clouds for me to make the west come,
I didn't come when I stayed.
the fallen flowers are silent and covered with moss.
Song of the King Festival in Linjiang
Bai Bo in Dongting is sparsely wooded, and
Yan Hong started to enter Wu Yunfei.
Wu Yunhan,
Yan Hongku.
The wind calls for sand to stay in Xiaoxiangpu, and
The festival is full of tears in autumn. (Autumn is a feeling)
In the daytime, the mind is in the sky,
According to it, you can know the Lord.
a strong man is angry,
a strong man is born.
Andrew leans on the heavenly sword, and
kills a whale across the sea.
a long trip (1)
my hair had hardly covered my forehead,
I was picking flowers, paying by my door.
when you, my lover, on a bamboo horse,
came trotting in circles and throwing green plums.
we lived near together on a lane in Ch'ang-kan,
both of us young and happy-hearted.
at fourteen I became your wife,
so bashful that I dared not smile. (I haven't done anything yet)
and I lowered my head toward a dark corner,
and would not turn to your thousand calls.
but at fifteen I straightened my brows and laughed,
learning that no dust could ever seal our love.
that even unto death I would await you by my post,
and would never lose heart in the tower of silent watching. (Are you ashamed?)
then when I was sixteen, you left on a long journey,
Qu Tang Ying pre-piled. Pre-adding water next to
and then came the Fifth-month, more than I could bear,
apes cry in the sky. (One voice makes a sound)
your footprints by our door, where I had watched you go, (late for the old)
were hidden, every one of them, under green moss. (Green makes the sky pale)
hidden under moss too deep to sweep away,
and the first autumn wind added fallen leaves.
come to Hu Die in August, and (let's make it yellow)
hover, two by two, in our west-garden grasses.
and, because of all this, my heart is breaking,
and I fear for my bright cheeks, lest they fade.
oh, at last, when you return through the three Pa districts,
send me a message home ahead!.
and I will come and meet you and will never mind the distance,
all the way to Chang-feng Sha.
long trip (2)
I remember that in my boudoir, (I did what I did yesterday)
I didn't know the smoke and dust.
marry a long-term cadre,
the weather will wait for the sand head.
The south wind rises in May, and
I think of you and go to Baling. (The next work is in)
The west wind rises in August,
I want you to carry forward.
How about going to be sad?
See less and leave more.
when Xiangtan arrived a few days ago,
my dream became more and more turbulent.
Last night, there was a strong wind, and
the trees on the river head were broken.
Miao Miao is boundless in darkness.
Where are the pedestrians?
Good at floating clouds,
Ritual Lanzhudong.
Yuanyang is on the green pu,
in the emerald brocade screen.
more than fifteen pieces of self-pity,
the color is peach blossom red.
as a businesswoman,
she worries about the water and the wind.
(this article is a tidal wave. Huang Tingjian is Li Yi)
My concubine is unlucky
Gillian, the favorite of Han Emperor, is the golden house.
if you cough and spit for nine days, pearls and jade will be born with the wind.
pets love to rest, but envy is affectionate but sparse.
Nagato, step by step, refused to return temporarily.
if the rain doesn't fall, the water can't be collected. (It's difficult to do it again)
Your feelings and concubines' wishes are different.
hibiscus flowers used to be, but now they are broken-rooted grass.
how long can it be good to treat others with color?
climb the hill and look far
climb the hill and look far to the sea.
the six bones have been frosted, and the three mountains are flowing.
the hibiscus is half-destroyed, and the daytime is glorious.
The silver platform is like a dream, and the Emperor of Qin treats each other with an empty hand.
jingwei is a waste of wood and stone, and there is nothing to rely on.
Have you noticed that the Maoling Mountain of Mount Li is completely destroyed, and the son of a shepherd has come to climb it?
how can an elf rob Baoyu?
With so much belligerence, Dinghu Feilong can take advantage of it.
picking lotus songs
picking lotus girls by the Ruoyexi River, laughing at the lotus flowers.
Rizhao's new makeup is bright under the water, and the wind is fragrant and lifted in the air.
(make a sleeve)
Who will visit Yelang on the shore, and see the weeping willows in three, three, five and five.
Purple Sui slithered into the fallen flower, and it was heartbroken to see this wandering.
grass in the tree
the bird bit the wild grass and strayed into the withered mulberry.
if a stranger plants a dangerous root, he will not die in spring.
although the vegetation is heartless, it can survive on the basis of what is fair.
how to share the same branches and leaves, each with its own prosperity.
quiet night thinking
so bright a gleam on the foot of my bed, could there have been a frost already?. (Watch it tomorrow)
lifting myself to look, I found that it was moonlight, sinking back again, I thought suddenly of home.
Lushui Song
In autumn at Lushui, white apples are picked in Nanhu Lake. (Make a moon every day)
The lotus flower is so charming that it worries about killing the boatman.
spring thoughts
your grasses up north are as blue as jade, our mulberries here curve green-threaded branches.
and at last you think of returning home, now when my heart is almost broken.
breeze of the spring, since I dare not know you, why part the silk curtains by my bed?.
Qiu Si
It's like yesterday in the spring sun, and orioles are singing in the green trees.
the grass grows in the dusk, and the cool breeze blows.
in autumn, under the leaves of trees, the moon is cold and the chickens are sad.
when you sit and worry, the dew fades.
Midnight Wu Ge (a four-hour midnight song)
Haruka
the lovely Lo Fo of the western land, plucks mulberry leaves by the waterside.
across the green boughs stretches out her white hand, in golden sunshine her rosy robe is dyed.
my silkworms are hungry, I cannot stay, tarry not with your five-horse cab, I pray.
summer songs
on Mirror Lake outspread for miles and miles, the lotus lilies in full blossom teem.
in fifth moon Xi Shi gathers them with smiles, watchers o'erwhelm the bank of Yuoye Stream.
her boat turns back without waiting moonrise, to royal house amid amorous sighs.
Qiu Ge
a slip of the moon hangs over the capital, ten thousand washing-mallets are pounding.
and the autumn wind is blowing my heart, for ever and ever toward the Jade Pass.
oh, when will the Tartar troops be conquered, and my husband come back from the long campaign!.
winter songs
the courier will depart next day, she's told, she sews a warrior's gown all night.
her fingers feel the needle cold, how can she hold the scissors tight?.
the work is done, she sends it far away, when will it reach the town where warriors stay?.
Jiang Xia's trip
Recalling the petite posture of the past,
The longing for love is also self-contained.
In order to marry a husband,
you have to avoid long-term love.
who knows that marrying a merchant,
makes people sad.
since we are husband and wife,
we have never been in the countryside.
I went to Yangzhou last year and
sent the Yellow Crane Tower.
seeing the sail go far,
the heart is flowing by the river.
it's only a year,
who is Sanqiu?
I am heartbroken,
I hate you.
both the owner and the owner send it at the same time.
it doesn't take more than a month to go north and come south.
if you don't know where the luggage is going,
making a sound book can stop it.
it's suitable to travel to and from Nanpu.
I want to ask about Xijiang boat.
I'm looking forward to being a daughter.
I've been wearing red makeup for 28 years.
one is a wife,
how sad it is to be alone.
You cry in front of the mirror,
Everyone just wants to cry.
it's better to be frivolous,
it's always the same.
If you regret being a businessman's wife,
If you are young, you will be separated.
Now it's just the same as happiness.
Who knows when you go to Ronghua?
ancient meaning
you are a female radish and my concubine is a rabbit silk flower.
the light bar is not self-cited, but inclined to follow the spring breeze.
a hundred zhangs are far loose, and they become a family.
who said it was easy to meet, each on the green cliff.
the female radish smells fragrant, and the shredded rabbit breaks people's intestines.
the branches are intertwined and the leaves are fluttering.
children don't know the roots, because who is fragrant.
There are two emeralds in the middle nest, and purple mandarin ducks are on the top.
if you know two grass hearts, the tide can also be measured.
Say goodbye to your lover
The clear water does not move, but the peach blossoms are on the shore.
peach blossoms make water colors and sway spring.
I like my son's beauty, and he likes my articles.
the wind blows the lute away, and the melody is purple.
once a fish, now two birds.
the mourning is long and the cock crows, and it reaches five o'clock every night. (make a day on May 1)
Fold the acacia tree and give it to your heart.
what is spilled cannot be gathered, and it is difficult to find the clouds again.
there are birds in the horizon, so you can't beat the sound of Yao Hua.
For Wang Lun
Li Bai was about to leave by boat when he heard the singing on the shore.
Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, which is not as good as Wang Lun's.
Yellow Crane Tower a farewell to meng haoran on his way to yangzhou
An old friend left the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March.
The solitary sail shows the blue sky in the distance, and only the Yangtze River flows in the sky.
seeing friends off
with a blue line of mountains north of the wall, and east of the city a white curve of water.
here you must leave me and drift away, like a loosened water-plant hundreds of miles.
I shall think of you in a floating cloud, so in the sunset think of me.
we wave our hands to say good-bye, and my horse is neighing again and again.
Farewell
At the edge of Weicheng, I was drunk and sleepless.
there are thousands of trees and snows in pear blossoms and ten thousand cigarettes in poplar leaves.
bid farewell to the pot, and give a whip at parting.
Look at Jun Ying, the new moon should be round.
Xi Shi
Xi Shi, a woman who crosses the stream, comes from Mount Zhuluo.
a beautiful color hides the past, and a lotus flower is ashamed of its jade.
clean the water by washing the yarn.
it's hard to open a letter with bright teeth, so I ponder over the blue clouds.
Gou Jian is absolutely gorgeous, and he raises moths into Wu Guan.
The Baby Palace is a lovely place to carry children.
once Fu Cha was broken, it was never returned.
cold female songs
once upon a time, when you dressed, you worked hard with my concubine.
as soon as I worship the five senses, I ask for the handan daughter.
if my concubine wants to leave you, your heart will agree.
when I read the book, I burst into tears.
I remember when I married you, I never had a night of fun.
it's not that my concubine is incomparable, but it's hard for your wife to work.
when you get up, you can dance hard, but you hate it.
I'll resign from you in the next class, and I'll regret it.
Monks who seek mountains don't meet
The stone path enters the Danhe, and the pine door closes the moss.
there are birds on the idle steps, and no one opens the meditation room.
when you peep at the window, you see white strokes, and dust is born on the wall.
it makes me sigh, and I still linger when I want to go.
fragrant clouds rise all over the mountains, and flowers and rain come from the sky.
I'm happy when I'm free, and I'm sad when I hear the news.
I know peerless things, and this place is leisurely.
if you are drunk in spring, you will express your ambition
If you dream big, you will work hard for your life.
that's why I'm drunk all day and lying naked in front of me.
I hope that before the court, a bird is singing among flowers.
By the way, when is this time, the spring breeze is whispering?