Ouyang Xiu (1007 ~ 1072), whose real name is Yongshu, a drunkard, a famous layman in his later years, posthumous title Wenzhong,No. Ouyang Wenzhong, a native of Yongfeng, Ji 'an (now Jiangxi), Han nationality, Mianzhou (now Mianyang, Sichuan). Together with Tang Hanyu, Liu Zongyuan, Song Anshi, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe and Ceng Gong, they are called "eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". When I was in Renzong, I was tired of knowing the imperial edict and the Hanlin bachelor. Yingzong, the official to the secretary of the Council, and political affairs; The Zongshen dynasty moved the Ministry of War ministers and took Prince Shao Shi as the official. A pawn is Wen Zhong. He advocated political and literary innovation. He is not only a supporter of Fan Zhongyan's Qingli New Deal, but also a leader of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is also happy to reward and punish backward, Su Shi and his son, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi are all out of his door. The creative achievements are also considerable, and poems, words and essays are the best at the moment. Prose is eloquent, lyrical and euphemistic; Poetry style is similar to prose, emphasizing momentum, smooth and natural; His poems are deep and beautiful, inheriting the lingering wind of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Co-edited the Book of the New Tang Dynasty with Song Qi, and independently wrote the History of the New Five Dynasties. I also like to collect epigraphy and compile it into Records of the Historians. There is Ouyang Wenzhong's official document collection. The poem "Walking on Shakespeare". He also wrote the famous Zuiweng Pavilion. Ouyang Xiu was buried in Xinzheng, Kaifeng (now Xinzheng, Henan) after his death. Ouyang Xiu Cemetery, located in Ouyang Temple Village, xindian town, xinzheng city, is a state-level cultural relic protection unit. In addition, there is an ancestral temple named Liuyitang in the southern suburb of Mianyang today. This paper selects six articles: On Separation, Biography of Shi Lingguan in Five Dynasties, Zuiweng Pavilion, Ode to Autumn Sound, Ode to Shi Man Qingwen and Selling Oil Weng. Choose his lyrics: picking mulberry seeds (it's good after the West Lake blooms), complaining (rolling the curtain in the early morning in autumn frost), stepping on the sand (waiting for the plum blossoms in the museum), living in a pestle (last January), Chao Zhongcuo (leaning against the clear sky on the railing of Pingshan) and Liang Zhu (how deep the courtyard is). His first poems were "A Play Answering Yuan Zhen" and "Thrushcross Birds".
Ouyang Wenzhong's Gong Jin Yuefu: The Name of Ci Collection. Ouyang Xiuzuo in Northern Song Dynasty. Three volumes. Compilation of Miro in Southern Song Dynasty. Income "Ouyang Wenzhong's Official Documents Collection", as well as the singles engraved in the Song Dynasty. The original edition of Sixty Ci Poems of Song Dynasty written by Jin Mao in Ming Dynasty was changed to Sixty Ci Poems on June 1 day, with only one volume, and it was abridged according to the previous edition. In addition, the Song Dynasty's "The Joy of Drunken Man" has six volumes, and there are still many words that have not been collected in "Jin Ti Yue Fu". Since the third generation of Gong Ji, stone carvings have been carved into 1000 volumes. When I was in Chuzhou, I called myself an alcoholic. In his later years, he called himself a laity on June 1st, saying that I have 1000 volumes of ancient books, 10000 volumes of books, a piano and a chess game, and always buy a pot of wine. I'm always in it on June 1st. Confucianism in Ogun area is romantic and pretentious. The lyrics are graceful and graceful, and the world is proud of it. Is it a villain or an erotic song? This is a public word.
Ouyang Xiu (self-proclaimed heir Sun Xiu has the same genealogy as the top scholar Renying Huang):
The grandson of Ouyang Shao, the ancestor of Fujian Ouyang, is matched with Wang's childless son.
Ouyang Youxian II (Prime Minister Ouyang Tong ji zi asked Ji Sun to take Ouyang Youxian as his successor)
Ouyang Cong, the Third History of Jizhou
Ouyang Yan, the fourth history of Wenzhou
Ouyang Changsheng v. Chengguan Town, Boluo County
Ouyang Zhan, teaching assistant of imperial academy Jinshi in the Sixth Tang Dynasty.
In the second year of the seventh Tang Dynasty, the Jinshi shogunate joined Ouyang Xie.
At the end of the Eighth Tang Dynasty, Huichang became a noncommissioned officer Wei Xueshi Ouyang Hao for six years.
Ouyang Chen (Ouyang Jizi) was the ninth promotion officer of Pan Hu Oucuo Jizhou.
Ouyang Zhou, Qian Min Jinshi (four sons of Ouyang Fei)
Zi Jinshi, prime minister poet Ouyang Jiong
Sun Xian and Jinshi Ouyang Lin and Ouyang Pi (Wang Bi) are brothers.
The tenth heir, Quanzhou countryman Gong Jinshi, Gong Shu of Li Guan University of Arts and Sciences, sentenced Ouyang Yan (Pan Huweng's second son, Renda, was the champion of the later Tang Dynasty)
Ou Yangxun, the 11th judge of Liang.
Ouyang Xiu, Secretary-General and Secretary-General of the 12th Taishi.
It is consistent with the historical records of Ouyang Xiu's article "Zushangwei, Gou Jian, whose surname is Huzhou, Zhejiang" found in Diaoyuan Village, Xingqiao Town, Jizhou District, Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province on October 3, 2006, 5438+0, especially the description of his lineage by Ouyang Xiu, a great writer and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his detailed description of his own lineage (that is, his descendants). Due to his poor family background, he adopted his uncle Ouyang Chenjia as his adopted son in Pan Hu, and his true life experience was revealed to the world, providing a strong and reliable historical basis. This article about Ouyang Xiu's self-reported pedigree was called "Preface of Wenzhong Tongpu" by later generations, and was included in the "Ouyang Gong Tongpu" compiled in the 15th year of Qing Qianlong (AD 175), which was preserved by villagers in Diaoyuan, Xingqiao Town, Jizhou District, Ji 'an City. The full text is * * * 76 1, and it is inscribed as "the sequence of Sun Xiu's succession in April of Jiayou four years (A.D. 1059)".
The preface to the public score in the text focuses on narration, causing discussion, and the brushwork is like running water, in one go. At the beginning, Ouyang Xiu revealed his lineage and surname source: "Ouyang is a descendant. Since Emperor Shao Kang sealed the illegitimate child in Huiji, he established himself as the guardian, and passed it on to his eldest son for more than twenty generations to say that Gou Jian was the King of Yue. Goujian pawn, Wang Zi? Stand up. It passed from V to the king and was destroyed by Chu Weiwang. His descendants were separated from the sea in Jiangnan and were named Ouyang Houting in Chu. The pavilion is now in Wucheng, Huzhou, and later generations thought it was the surname ... "After stating the vicissitudes of Ouyang's life, Ouyang Xiu also introduced the family members who were admitted to the official position at that time:" Since the thirty years of Song Dynasty, my ancestors, uncles and uncles have started from the four scholars. After another 30 years, Xiuhe's son worked together, and Yao became a member of this family. It is thirty years now, and only two people are scholars and officials. "
Thus, the genealogy of Ouyang's family in Gutian, Dong Tian, Renying Huang, the top scholar in Fujian, and Ouyang Xiu's self-reported genealogy discovered in Ji 'an, Jiangxi, completely solved the mystery of Ouyang Xiu's true life story, that is, the life story of his great-grandfather. According to the genealogy of Ouyang Family in Gutian, Fujian Province and the genealogy of Renying Huang, the top scholar in Fujian Province, Renying Huang, a bachelor of cabinet in Duanmingtang, the top scholar in the late Tang Dynasty, was the great granddaughter of Ouyang Zhan, the eldest daughter of Ouyang Fei, and the sister of Ouyang Chen, the four assistants of Tang Kaicheng. Zi Yan, general sentence of Nanjing, Gong Jin NCO School of Arts and Sciences, Gengshennian Township, Nantang Commons, Quanzhou, Fujian; He once prefaced the building with the monk Saman of Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou. This reveals the mystery of Ouyang Xiu's great-grandfather's life experience: Ouyang Xiu, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, is the direct great-grandson of Renying Huang, the top scholar! The genealogical historical data provided by Ouyang's genealogy in Gutian, Fujian and Renying Huang's genealogy in Fujian have solved the mystery of Ouyang Xiu's great-grandfather's life experience, that is, the mystery of Ouyang Xiu's father and his grandfather's descendants Renying Huang and Ouyang Chen. It should be noted that Ouyang Chen, an official promoted from Jizhou, Jiangxi Province, was originally from Oucuo, Panhu, Jinjiang, Fujian Province, and later moved to Jizhou for official reasons. He is the great-grandson of Ouyang Zhan, the top scholar of imperial academy in the Tang Dynasty, the grandson of Ouyang Xie, the top scholar of the shogunate in the second year of Tang Kaicheng, and the son of Ouyang Kun, a medical scholar who served as a non-commissioned officer in Huichang in the last six years of Tang Dynasty. The eldest daughter of Chou Li, Minister of Industry, has been childless for many years. Renying Huang, the champion of the later Tang Dynasty, was called Renda and Pan Huweng. She is the sister of Ouyang Chen, the eldest daughter of Ouyang Wei, and her son Ouyang Yan, whose real name is Huang, is a tribute scholar in Quanzhou Township. The official College of Arts and Sciences passed the verdict in Nanjing. Because his family was poor and he couldn't attack books at a young age, his nephew inherited his mother's uncle Ouyang Chen's family, but it was redundant in his uncle Ouyang Chen's family and took his mother's surname. As for the second brother, Engong Jingjiang Legion, Ouyang Jun, and Engong Tun's doctor Ouyang Yi were all born to the wife of Ouyang Chen, the daughter of Shangshu, the Ministry of Industry of the Tang Dynasty.
[Edit this paragraph] Life summary
Ouyang Xiu lost his father at the age of four and grew up with his uncle in Suizhou, Hubei. When he was young, his family was poor and had no money. His mother Zheng painted the land and taught him to read. Ouyang Xiu loved reading since he was a child, and often went to the Li family in the south of the city to borrow books and copy. He is talented and studious, and often recites books before copying them. Teenagers, like adults, write poems and essays in complicated ways. Seeing the hope of family rejuvenation, his uncle once said to Ouyang Xiu's mother, "It's really strange that my sister-in-law doesn't care about her poor family and her children! Not only do you start with a gate, but you will be famous in the world one day. " At the age of ten, Ouyang Xiu learned six volumes from Li Jiade's Collected Works of Mr. Changli in the Tang Dynasty, which he loved very much and laid the seeds for the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty in the future. Renzong Tiansheng eight years (1030), Jinshi. The following year, he was appointed as an official of Xijing (now Luoyang) and became a close friend of Mei He, exchanging poems with each other. In the first year of Jingyou (1034), the bachelor's college was called, Xuandelang was appointed, and the pavilion was filled for collation. In three years, Fan Zhongyan criticized current politics in the last chapter and was demoted to Raozhou. Ouyang Xiu defended him and was demoted to the county magistrate of Yiling (now Yichang, Hubei). In the first year of Kangding (1040), Ouyang Xiu was recalled to Beijing, and was appointed as the director of the pavilion to collate and compile the Chongwen General Catalogue. Later, he was informed of the suggestion institute. Li Qing three years (1043), was appointed as the right judge, the imperial edict. Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi, Fu Bi and others carried out the "Qingli New Deal", and Ouyang Xiu participated in the innovation and put forward the idea of reforming official administration, military affairs and tribute law. In five years, Fan, Han and Fu were successively demoted, and Ouyang Xiu wrote a letter, claiming to be demoted as the magistrate of Chuzhou (now Chuxian County, Anhui Province). Later, it was changed to Yangzhou, Yingzhou (now Fuyang, Anhui) and Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan). In the first year of Huang You (1049), he returned to Korea and successively served as a bachelor of Hanlin and a historian. In August of the first year of He Zhi (1054), he studied the Book of the New Tang Dynasty and the History of the Five Dynasties with Song Qi. In February of the second year of Jiayou (1057), Ouyang Xiu presided over the Jinshi examination as a bachelor of Hanlin, advocated plain writing style, and admitted Su Shi, Su Zhe, Ceng Gong and others. It had a great influence on the change of writing style in the Northern Song Dynasty. In June of the third year of Jiayou, Ouyang Xiu became a bachelor of Hanlin and a bachelor of Longtuge. Five years, thanks to the Committee. The following year, he was appointed to participate in political affairs. Later, he successively served as the minister of punishments and the minister of war. For two years (1065), the above post request is not allowed. In the following two or three years, he resigned many times because of being slandered by Jiang and others, but he was not allowed. In the second year of Zong Shenxi Ning (1069), Wang Anshi implemented the new law. Ouyang xiu criticized the young crops law and did not implement it. In the past three years, except for the post of Ambassador to the South Campus of Pacific Insurance Company, he insisted on not accepting it and changed Zhizhou to Cai Zhou (now runan county, Henan Province). This year, it was renamed "Liu Yi Boulder". In June of four years, he resigned as the Prince of Shao Shi. Juzhou (now Anhui Province). On July 23rd, leap five years, Ouyang Xiu died at his home in Shi Wenzhong. Ouyang Xiu Cemetery is located in Ouyang Temple Village, Xixindian Town, xinzheng city. The park has a beautiful environment, with hills in the north and gullies and streams in the south. The cemetery is solemn, with many stone tablets and towering cypresses. After the rain, the sun shines brightly and the fog rises like misty rain. The scenery is spectacular, so it has the reputation of "misty rain in Europe" and is one of the eight ancient scenes in Xinzheng.
[Edit this paragraph] Ideological pursuit
Ouyang Xiu's early political thoughts reflected the interests of the small and medium-sized landlord class and had a clear understanding of the serious economic, political and military crisis at that time. He advocated eliminating accumulated disadvantages, being generous and frugal, and seeking innovation with Fan Zhongyan and others. In his later years, with the improvement of social status, his thoughts gradually became conservative, and he resisted and ridiculed some new laws of Wang Anshi. But more realistically, Sima Guang and others have different attitudes.
Ouyang Xiu plays an important role in the history of China literature. He inherited the spirit of Han Yu's ancient prose movement. As the leader of the poetry innovation movement in Song Dynasty, his literary theory and creative achievements had a great influence on that time and later generations.
In the early Song Dynasty, in the temporarily peaceful social environment, the poetic style advocated by the aristocratic literati group flooded the literary world, which was flashy and meaningless, but it was all the rage. In order to correct the shortcomings of Quincy's style, Ouyang Xiu strongly advocated ancient Chinese prose. He loved reading Han Yu's collected works since he was a child. After he became an official, he personally revised Korean and published it all over the world.
He studied Han Yu's literary view and advocated Ming Dow's practical application. He emphasized the decisive role of Tao in writing and believed that Tao was the content, essence, form and tool of writing. Pay special attention to the cultivation of Taoism, and put forward that "Tao wins, literature is not difficult to come" (answer Wu Chong's Book of Scholars), "The purity of Taoism is based on the truth of China people, the enrichment of China people, and the brilliance of writers" (answer the Book of Ancestors' Selection), and "Scholars should learn from the classics", so that teachers can enrich themselves with "Tao". But he also corrected some of Han Yu's prejudices. In his interpretation of Tao, he regards "things" in reality as the concrete content of Tao. He believes that the reason why learning Tao can't be done is because "it's not a heart to abandon Pepsi" (Answer to Scholar Wu Chong). He opposes "high words but fresh words" (the same book as Zhang Xiucai). Regarding the relationship between "Tao" and "Wen", he advocated that both "Tao" and "Wen" should be attached to "Tao", rather than "a virtuous person must have words", and cited many examples to illustrate that "a man should not be a man who speaks in poetry and books", pointing out that "words and deeds can be seen in the world." The so-called "keeping your word" means that the content should be true, the language should be literary, and the content and form should be unified. This is Ouyang Xiu's basic argument about creation.
He adopted the spirit of Han Yu's Preface to Literature, strongly advocated simple, neat, smooth and natural writing, and opposed flashy carving and eccentricity. He not only set out from reality, but also set an example with his outstanding creative achievements.
His idea was warmly endorsed by others, such as Mei and others. Later, in the official exam (invigilator), candidates were encouraged to write simple and fluent ancient Chinese. Anything that is empty, flashy or wins by strangeness is excluded. At the same time, he promoted and trained Wang Anshi, Ceng Gong, Su Shi, Su Zhe and other new writers. In this way, the poetry innovation movement he advocated won a decisive victory.
[Edit this paragraph] Applied style
Ouyang Xiu is an outstanding applied writer. He wrote many books in his life, The Complete Works of Ouyang Xiu (China Bookstore, 1986). Owen cited in this paper has 265 1 article and 26 19 practical articles, which shows that his writing is mainly practical articles. He also wrote 74 volumes of History of the New Five Dynasties and 75 volumes of Book of the New Tang Dynasty. He not only made great achievements in applied writing, but also made great contributions to applied writing theory.
Create the concept of practical writing. At present, critics all believe that the word practical writing was first seen in Zhang Kan's Postscript Chen Houshan and Re-appointed School Official Qi Xie in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Four wives and six wives in parallel, especially the application of literary ears." ("Zhuo" Volume 5) Zhang only refers to the language form of "CET-4 and CET-6" in practical writing, but strictly speaking, it cannot be said that the concept of practical writing is clear. Ouyang Xiu in the Northern Song Dynasty wrote in Ci Tang Fu Secrets and Letters from the two academies that in November of the fifth year of Jiayou, he was ordered to be an assistant envoy, and "learning is for the use of literature". Practical writing here refers to the style of official documents. In the same year's History of the Five Dynasties, he described himself as an era in which nothing was useful. After becoming famous, he "can't bear to forget his simple habits, and sometimes he makes mistakes and uses inappropriate words." "Word" is an article. Practical writing here refers to practical writing. It can be seen that Ouyang Xiu defined the concept of practical writing from two aspects: stylistic form and practical nature, and he has regarded practical writing as an independent article genre.
The general framework of applied writing theory is constructed. As mentioned above, he thinks that the essence of practical writing is practical. He praised Su Xun's applied article "Practical and Useful Words" ("Cloth Praises Su Xun"), and Huang's proofreading book commented that "Chinese was sick at that time, not an empty word" ("On Articles and Books with Huang"). Ouyang Xiu is very clear about the practicality of practical writing. He believes that practical writing has three characteristics. One is truth. Ouyang Xiu believes that writing history should be based on "biography and documentary" (Jin Xin Xiu Tang book table). The so-called "documentary" is to praise and criticize good and evil like the Spring and Autumn Annals, "Tell the truth to make future generations believe" (Wei), "Be realistic, don't blame right and wrong, distinguish between good and evil" (Spring and Autumn Annals) and "The book can be true" (Tang Yulu's tombstone). He also believes that imperial edicts "must conform to the discussion of things and please people's feelings" ("On the Imperial edicts of prudence"), which is expressed in today's language, is to conform to reality. Ouyang Xiu advocates the authenticity of practical writing, one for application and the other for inheritance. The second is simplicity. "The words in the imperial edict are pure, profound and simple" (official history), praising the simplicity of the inscription of Confucius and Zhou (the inscription of a captain of Mount Tai in the later Han Dynasty), and the imperial edict should "restore the beauty of simplicity without carving" (on treacherous miscellaneous children), and the inscription should be "concise" (the epitaph of Yin Shilu in the Inner Temple class >) and "documents" The third is dignity. He praised the elegance of Chang Lu's official documents about nine princes and princesses, saying that "each has its own style" (Epitaph of Gong Liu, Bachelor of Jixian College), and "style" refers to the content, which Ouyang Xiu called "general". "It is especially appropriate for public to write letters of patent" (Epitaph of Xie Gongjiang), and praised the letters of patent written by Xie, especially in the Western Han Dynasty. "Style" refers to style. "Textual research on the oath in the canon is pure and profound, and Ding Ning makes a compromise, so there is no style" (Chongwen Official History Class), and "style" refers to style. Ouyang Xiu advocates that practical writing should be general, important and important, and his theory is quite profound.
Ouyang Xiu made great contributions to official documents. He wrote 1002 official documents, and the theory of official documents is also very systematic. The content of the official document "must conform to the agenda and please the people"; It is the first example of Su Shi's reform of parallel prose that it is easy to read in form and adopts the language form of "forty-six" (the preface to Inner Zang). He blamed the shortcomings of his official document on "no invention", "scattered meaning", "inaction" and "sticking to the rules", and advocated that the content should be complete, novel and orderly; The form should be standardized and innovative. According to the writing direction of official documents, he divided them into three categories: "All official business, from top to bottom, is called Fu, and makes inquiries;": From bottom to top, like a shape; When you come, you will be transferred. "(Book with Mr. Chen) He thinks that Fu and Ba are in the next language, and the form is in the upper language, while Diao and Pai are coordinate words; It is also clear that official documents cannot be "applicable to non-public matters". Although Ouyang Xiu didn't define the concepts of "upper writing, parallel prose and lower writing", he laid the foundation for Liu Xizai's classification according to his writing direction. (Excerpted from Applied Writing No.2 1997 Ouyang Xiu's Theory of Applied Literature)