1. Collection of calligraphy and painting. The National Palace Museum in Taipei has a total of 9,120 paintings and calligraphy, half of which are said to be high-quality or inferior. There are 574 paintings from before the Yuan Dynasty (excluding portraits of pre-Song emperors and empresses in the Nanxun Hall), and 155 pieces of calligraphy from before the Yuan Dynasty. There are about 150,000 paintings and calligraphy in the Forbidden City in Beijing, accounting for about 0.4% of the ancient Chinese paintings and calligraphy collected in public museums in the world. About 1/3 of them have high academic and appreciation value. There are nearly 420 paintings from before the Yuan Dynasty and 310 paintings from before the Yuan Dynasty. Calligraphy before the Yuan Dynasty. The total collection of paintings and calligraphy before the Yuan Dynasty is lower than that of the National Palace Museum in Taipei. However, the relatively strict appraisal work has resulted in very few disputes between early and late (Ming and Qing) paintings and calligraphy in the Forbidden City in Beijing. In terms of the era of painting, the early collections of the Forbidden City in Beijing reflect the appearance of paintings in various historical periods. In particular, the two copies of the Northern Song Dynasty "Pictures of Women" and "Pictures of Luo Shen" by Gu Kaizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty truly reflect the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties periods. painting style. In terms of paintings from the Tang, Five Dynasties and Song Dynasties, the National Palace Museum in Taipei has more paintings than the National Palace Museum in Beijing. However, the large collection and perfect quality of the Yuan Dynasty paintings in the National Palace Museum in Beijing are the best in the world. As far as Song Dynasty paintings are concerned, the National Palace Museum in Taipei has more treasures of landscape paintings than the National Palace Museum in Beijing, but the treasures of figure paintings in the National Palace Museum in Beijing occupy an important position. The National Palace Museum in Beijing has a relatively comprehensive collection of paintings. In addition to scroll paintings, it also contains prints, New Year paintings, Qing palace oil paintings, glass paintings, screen paintings, stickers, etc. These are lacking and inadequate in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. In addition, the Forbidden City in Beijing also has 10 Tang and Song Dynasty murals, 7 Dunhuang paper and silk paintings from the Tang and Five Dynasties, and 1 large mural from the Yuan Dynasty. The large-scale palace calligraphy and paintings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties stored in the National Palace Museum in Beijing are also lacking in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, because these cultural relics are difficult to transport when they are moved south. Since the National Palace Museum in Taipei mainly receives calligraphy and paintings from the Qing Palace collection, paintings and paintings from many schools such as the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", the "Jingjiang School", the "Jinling Schools" and the "Four Monks" in the early Qing Dynasty in the 18th and 19th centuries. Calligraphy was lacking in the Qing court and is now a national treasure. In the early 1960s, the Forbidden City in Beijing had completed its collection of paintings and calligraphy from the above periods. In terms of calligraphy, the collection volume and quality of the National Palace Museum in Taipei are not as good as those of the National Palace Museum in Beijing. The Forbidden City in Beijing has more than 40,000 Ming and Qing Dynasty rulers and tablets, which contain huge documentary and artistic value, far surpassing the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei. In terms of inscriptions and inscriptions, the Forbidden City in Beijing has the majority of rare inscriptions and inscriptions in the country. There is no record of the relocation of cultural relics to the south so far.
2. Ceramic cultural relics. There are 350,000 pieces in the Forbidden City in Beijing, including more than 1,100 first-class items, about 56,000 second-level items, and more than 30,000 ceramic specimens collected from more than 110 kilns across the country since the last century. There are 25,248 pieces of porcelain in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei. The five famous kiln porcelains of the Song Dynasty and the official kiln porcelain of the Ming Dynasty all dominate the collection. Most of the famous enamel porcelain from the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qian Dynasties of the Qing Dynasty are hidden in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. However, the number of collections in the National Palace Museum in Beijing is unmatched by the National Palace Museum in Taipei, especially in the Neolithic Age painted pottery, the Three Kingdoms, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties porcelain, the Qing Dynasty Jiaqing to Xuantong official kiln porcelain, the folk kiln porcelain of past dynasties, as well as ancient ceramic kiln site specimens and physical materials In terms of collection, the Forbidden City in Beijing has obvious advantages. The Forbidden City in Beijing has a considerable collection of official kiln porcelain from past dynasties, both in quantity and quality, and cannot be ignored. In terms of collection of ancient ceramics, the Forbidden City on both sides of the Taiwan Strait has its own merits.
3. Bronze ware. The Forbidden City in Beijing has a collection of more than 15,000 pieces of bronzes from all dynasties, including about 10,000 Pre-Qin bronzes and more than 1,600 with inscriptions. These three quantities account for more than 1/10 of the total number of handed down and unearthed pieces at home and abroad. They are the largest collection of Chinese bronzes at home and abroad. The largest number of museums. In addition, there are more than 10,000 coins from past dynasties, 4,000 bronze mirrors, and more than 10,000 stamps. The National Palace Museum in Taipei has a collection of 5,615 bronzes, and about 500 of them have inscriptions from the Pre-Qin Dynasty. The bronzes in the National Palace Museum on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are mainly handed down from generation to generation. The total amount and the number of exquisite items in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei are both small, but the Maogong Tripod, Sanshi Pan, Zongzhou Bell and other important items are very famous.
4. Craft collections. The Forbidden City in Beijing contains 28,461 jade articles, which is more than the 11,445 pieces in the Forbidden City in Taipei. It also collects hundreds of precious jade articles unearthed from archaeological excavations, including some jades unearthed from the Lingjiatan site in Anhui and the Warring States Tomb in Yanggongxiang, Lu'an. , which is rare in the world and is currently only collected by the Forbidden City in Beijing. In addition, the jade mountain "Dayu Controlled Floods" in the National Palace Museum in Beijing weighs more than 10,000 kilograms, and there are several jade mountains weighing several thousand kilograms, which are beyond the reach of the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
There are a total of 7,605 items in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, and 101,355 items in the National Palace Museum in Beijing. Generally speaking, the National Palace Museum in Taipei has fewer high-quality lacquer ware; the metal enamel ware collected on both sides of the Taiwan Strait has similar characteristics, but some large-scale metal enamel products in the National Palace Museum in Beijing are not found in the National Palace Museum in Taipei; Judging from the selection of cultural relics, the level of craftsmanship is obviously inferior to that of the collection of the Forbidden City in Beijing. In addition, the National Palace Museum in Beijing also collects 1,442 bonsais and 590 pottery vessels, while the National Palace Museum in Taipei does not have such collections.
5. Collection of palace cultural relics. The Forbidden City in Beijing has great advantages. It has everything from official cultural relics representing imperial power to daily necessities of the royal family. For example, the "Twenty-Five Treasures" of the Qing Dynasty's jade seals and the ceremonial guard of the Imperial Palace in Taipei are not found in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, and the imperial robes are also the most complete; astronomical instruments and clocks that reflect the level of scientific and technological development in the Qing Dynasty and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries are also in the special collection of the National Palace Museum in Beijing. . The emperors of the Qing Dynasty studied ancient texts and attached great importance to the appreciation of literary works. Most of the seals used for their appreciation are hidden in the Forbidden City in Beijing. The royal family of the Qing Dynasty believed in many religions, mainly the traditional Shamanism, Taoism and Tibetan Buddhism of the nation. The Forbidden City in Beijing has a large collection of shamanic and Tibetan Buddhist ritual vessels, sacrificial vessels, statues, thangkas, etc. It also completely preserves the original state of some Tibetan Buddhist and Taoist palaces in the palace.
6. Books and classics. The editions collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei are of an early age (more editions of the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties), have complete volumes, and are mostly of good quality, such as Wenyuan Pavilion's "Sikuquanshu", "Shu Hui Yao" and "Wan" "Weibie Collection" and some of the "Tianlu Linlang" collections, etc., are mostly unique giant or solitary works, which are quite precious. Most of the few Song and Yuan editions stored in the Forbidden City in Beijing have been transferred to the National Library, but the existing Ming and Qing manuscripts and engravings are numerous in variety and quantity, including manuscripts produced in the compilation process by various libraries in the Imperial Palace, and were submitted to the Emperor. The final editions of the books that were read by the emperor and waiting to be engraved, the Manchu, Mongolian, and Chinese classics of the Qing Dynasty that have never been engraved, various books that were copied for the convenience of the emperor to read or carry, and various ornaments specially made for display in the palaces inside and outside the palace Sex book. In addition, there are unpublished books written by Hanlin scholars and poets, and books submitted by bibliophiles from all over the world; a large number of palace dramas and archives; samples of emperors and queens' costumes and utensils, "style thunder" architectural drawings, maps and other special collections Documents, etc., totaling approximately 195,000 volumes (items) above. There are also more than 200,000 pieces of exquisite original engravings of the "Dianben" of Wuying Palace. These constitute the characteristics of the rare book collection of the Forbidden City in Beijing. In addition to the old collections, nearly 1/5 of the collections of the Palace Museum in Beijing are scattered and lost Qing Palace cultural relics collected and purchased under the direct leadership of the central government and active support from provinces and cities since the founding of the People's Republic of China, as well as donations from people from all walks of life. In the early days of liberation, the country resolutely spent more than 500,000 Hong Kong dollars to buy back two of the famous "Three Greeks" from Hong Kong - "Boyuan Tie" and "Mid-Autumn Tie". Taiwan also wanted to buy it at that time, but the funding was not secured, which they still regret. So far, more than 600 people have donated cultural relics to the Forbidden City in Beijing. Chairman Mao transferred cultural relics given to him by friends three times to the Forbidden City for preservation. The selfless donations of Zhang Boju, Zhu Yi'an, Sun Yingzhou and others will shine through the ages. Many of the newly collected cultural relics are no less valuable than the old collections of the Qing Palace. This made the Forbidden City quickly become a veritable treasure house of Chinese culture and art from past dynasties, and the most representative symbol of Chinese civilization.
Due to various reasons, many people are not very clear about the status of the cultural relics collection in the Forbidden City in Beijing. Some people think that all the good things have gone to Taiwan. Some even say: "Taipei has cultural relics but not the Forbidden City; Beijing has the Forbidden City but no cultural relics." , this is obviously a misunderstanding. Of course, cultural relics have their own artistic and historical values ??and cannot be replaced by each other. The collections of the National Palace Museum on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are originally a whole and are highly complementary. Only by looking at it as a whole can we fully understand the long history and richness of Chinese culture.