Contact information of Confucius Temple: 0537-2314119
Introduction to Confucius Temple Attractions:
Confucius Temple is a place where feudal dynasties in my country worship Confucius, a thinker, politician and educator in the Spring and Autumn Period. The temple is located in the center of Qufu City. It is a group of ancient buildings with oriental architectural characteristics, large scale and majestic momentum.
The Temple of Confucius began in the second year after the death of Confucius (478 BC). The disciples built the hall where he lived during his lifetime as a temple and worshiped him every year. At that time, there were only three temple rooms, which contained the clothes, crowns, musical instruments, carts and books used by Confucius during his lifetime. Since then, successive dynasties have continued to expand it. In the first year of Yongxing of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 153), Emperor Huan ordered the Confucius Temple to be built, and appointed Kong He as the temple guard and erected a monument in the temple. In the second year of Wei Huangchu (AD 221), Emperor Wen Cao Pi issued an edict to build an old temple in Lu County. However, the scale of the Confucius Temple was not very large at that time. In the late Western Jin Dynasty, the temple was in ruins. In the first year of Xinghe in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (AD 539), the Confucius Temple was renovated, a holy face was sculpted, and ten sons were erected beside it. This was the beginning of the Confucius Temple having statues. In the early Tang Dynasty, in addition to building a Zhougong and a Confucius temple in the Imperial Academy, the highest institution of learning in the capital, the emperor also issued an edict to build Confucius temples in all prefectures and counties. The temple was built five times in the Tang Dynasty and seven times in the Northern Song Dynasty. The largest one was in the second year of Emperor Zhenzong's Tianxi reign (AD 1018), when the old system was expanded...Fan added 316 halls and verandas. It was repaired 4 times in the Jin Dynasty, 6 times in the Yuan Dynasty, and rebuilt and rebuilt 21 times in the Ming Dynasty. The biggest one was in the twelfth year of Emperor Xiaozong's reign in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1499), when the Confucius Temple was struck by lightning, and more than 120 main buildings such as Dacheng Hall were reduced to ashes. Emperor Zhu Youtang hurriedly ordered reconstruction, which lasted 5 years and cost 152,000 taels of silver. By the Qing Dynasty, the Confucius Temple was built 14 times. The biggest one was in the second year of Yongzheng (AD 1724). At that time, the Confucius Temple was destroyed by thunder and fire. In addition to personally going to the Ancestral Temple to worship Confucius, Yin Zhen also sent money to ministers and other supervisors to supervise the construction. Everything is presented in drawings and given instructions personally. In order to speed up the progress of the project, 12 prefectural, prefecture and county magistrates were mobilized to supervise the construction, which took 6 years. In history, the Confucius Temple has undergone 15 major repairs, 31 minor repairs, and hundreds of minor repairs, finally reaching its current grand scale.
The current scale of the Confucius Temple was completed in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The building is modeled after an imperial palace, with nine courtyards divided into nine, running through a north-south central axis, and arranged symmetrically on the left and right. The entire building complex includes five halls, one pavilion, one altar, two verandas, two halls, 17 stele pavilions, and 466 rooms, which were built in the Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China periods. The Confucius Temple covers an area of ??about 200 acres and is more than 1 kilometer long from north to south. It is surrounded by high walls, equipped with gates and turrets. It has yellow tiles and red walls, carved beams and painted buildings, forest-like monuments and towering ancient trees. Lü Mengzheng of the Song Dynasty wrote a poem praising: "The clouds are towering, the eaves are spread out, the doors are wide open, and the layers are lush and unique. ... This huge building complex with oriental architectural characteristics is so vast. It is so majestic, timeless, and well-maintained that it is called the only unique example in the history of world architecture by ancient architects. It embodies the blood and sweat of thousands of workers throughout the ages and is the crystallization of the wisdom of our country's working people.
Jin Sheng Yu Zhen Fang
Mencius once said this about Confucius: Confucius said that the master is a master, and the sound of gold is the sound of jade, and the sound of jade is the beginning of order. The sound of gold and the sound of jade represent the whole process of playing music, starting with the sound of the bell (the sound of gold) and ending with the sound of the bell (the sound of jade), which symbolizes the culmination of Confucius' thoughts from ancient sages and praises Confucius. It made a huge contribution to culture. Therefore, later generations named the first stone square in front of the Confucius Temple Jinsheng Yuzhen.
The stone carvings of Jinsheng Yuzhenfang have four couplets, surrounded by stone drums, and four octagonal stone pillars. It is decorated with lotus thrones. On each throne sits a simple carved one-horned monster to ward off evil spirits, commonly known as roaring towards the sky. The foreheads on both sides are lightly carved with clouds and dragons playing with beads. The forehead of the bright square is filled with 4 large characters with golden sounds and jade vibrations, and the writing is vigorous. It was inscribed by the famous calligrapher Hu Zuanzong in the 17th year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty (AD 1538). Behind the square is a single-hole stone arch bridge. The bridge deck is a stone step with two dragons playing with pearls. The clear water under the bridge flows around in a semicircle. This is Panshui. Unfortunately, the Pan River was blocked by stones, and only the Pan Bridge remained.
There are stone plaques on the east and west sides of the bridge, which were erected in the second year of Jin Mingchang (AD 1191). They are engraved with the words "officials dismounted here," known as the dismounting monument. In the past, civil and military officials and ordinary people passing by had to dismount their horses and sedan chairs to show respect. Even the emperor had to enter in a chariot to worship Confucius, which shows the dignity of the Confucius Temple.
Lingxingmen
Lingxing is a spiritual star, also known as Tiantian star. The ancients believed that it was used to celebrate being a scholar. In ancient times, when offering sacrifices to heaven, one must first offer sacrifices to spiritual stars. The name of the gate of the Confucius Temple is Lingxing, which means that respecting Confucius is like respecting heaven.
Lingxing Gate is behind Panshui Bridge, with four couplets and three rooms. Stone pillars and iron beams, with 12 faucets and valves cast on the iron beams. The four round stone pillars are embellished with auspicious clouds, and the top is carved with an angry-looking general sitting upright. The forehead square is carved with flame orbs. The forehead square in the Ming Dynasty is composed of two layers of stone slabs. The lower layer is engraved with the three characters "Lingxingmen" written by Emperor Qianlong, and the upper layer is engraved with a tapestry ring pattern. In the Ming Dynasty, the gate was made of wood, but it was rebuilt in stone in the 19th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1754).
There are two squares built in the Lingxing Gate, and the Taihe Yuanqi Square is in the south. This square was built in the spring of the 23rd year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1544). Zeng Xian, the governor of Shandong, wrote in his handwriting that he praised Confucius' thoughts as the heaven and earth give birth to all things. To the north is the Zhishengmiaofang, with the seal characters inscribed on the forehead. In the Ming Dynasty, the word "Xuanshengmiao" was originally engraved on the square. It was renamed in the seventh year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1729 AD). The square is carved from white marble, with three rooms and four pillars. The pillars are decorated with auspicious clouds, and the forehead square is decorated with flaming orbs.
In order to praise the far-reaching influence of Confucius' thoughts on our society, later generations used the eight words "De, Tian and Di" and "Daoguan, Gu and Jin", which means that his contribution was as great as a trophy, and his ideas were as great as ancient and modern. It's all the best. Therefore, two symmetrical wooden archways were built on the left and right sides of the first courtyard of the Confucius Temple. The east is titled De Cao Tian Di, and the west is titled Daoguan Ancient and Modern. They are the first side entrance of the Confucius Temple. The two squares were built in the early Ming Dynasty and have obvious style of the times. The building is made of wood, with three rooms, four columns and five floors, yellow glazed tiles, Ruyi brackets, thirteen steps in the bright room, nine steps in the middle room, and five steps in the middle with a small roof. Each square is decorated with 8 stone monsters. The four Tianlu figures in the middle are draped in lins, tails swaying, and have long necks and sharp claws; the four evil spirits on both sides have angry eyes and twisted necks, giving them a strange appearance.
Shengshimen
According to the records of "Mencius": Mencius said: Boyi is the person who is pure in the sage; Yiyin is the person who is the sage; Liu Xiahui is the person who is harmonious in the sage. Also; Confucius, the time of sage. This means that among the saints, Confucius is the most suitable for the times. Accordingly, Emperor Shizong of the Qing Dynasty designated the main entrance of Confucius Temple as Shengshimen in the eighth year of Yongzheng reign (1730). Shengshimen was first built in the 13th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1415), with 3 rooms. During the Hongzhi period, it was expanded to 5 rooms, with 3 arches and 3 arches. It has a blue tiled top, surrounded by deep red walls, and an apricot-yellow wall inside. Inside, there are stone carvings of dragons on the front and back stone steps. Looking inside from the arch, one has a sense of depth and unpredictability.
After passing the Holy Hour Gate, a huge courtyard suddenly opens up, with ancient cypresses, green shade and grass. There are three arch bridges across the road, with a water crossing it, with clear blue waves, fields of lotus leaves, and exquisite stone railings carved around the water. The water is as thick as a wall, so it is called Bi Shui. Therefore, the bridge is named Bi Shui Bridge.
There are two east and west gates in the south of the bridge, connected by corridors. The east plaque is called "Kai Jian Gate", which is taken from Li Bo like a star and phoenix in the sky, which means "seeing things first"; the west plaque is taken from "Yangzhi" in "The Analects of Confucius". Mi Gaoyu praised Confucius for his profound knowledge. This is the second side door of Confucius Temple. In the past, only the emperor could go through the main entrance to offer sacrifices, and most people only entered the temple through the Yanggao Gate.
Hongdao Gate
To the north of Bishuiqiao is Hongdao Gate, which was the gate of the Confucius Temple in the 10th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1377 AD). The name was appointed by the emperor to praise Confucius for elucidating the principles of Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, and the civil and military doctrines of Zhou Gong. There are two Yuan dynasty tablets under the door. The east square tablet is the historical chronicle of Qufu County, recording the changes and evolution of Qufu. It is of high historical value. The west tablet is the tomb of Mr. Wang Chu, a Chu scholar. It is of great calligraphy value. It was moved to the Confucius Temple for safekeeping in 1966. .
Dazhong Gate
After passing through Dazhong Gate, you enter the fourth courtyard of the Confucius Temple. The courtyard is spacious, the ancient trees are lush, and the birds are gathering. In the summer, the storks are flying and the cranes are dancing, the egrets are dancing, in the winter and spring, the magpies are noisy, and the dusk crows are noisy at night, making it appear very deep.
Dazhong Gate, formerly known as Zhonghe Gate, is longer and narrower than Hongdao Gate, with 5 rooms. It was originally the gate of the Confucius Temple in the Song Dynasty. It was later rebuilt during the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty. The current gate was built in the Qing Dynasty. There is a corner building with green tiles on the left and right sides of the door. It was built in the second year of Yuan Zhishun (1331 AD) to make the Confucius Temple as majestic as a royal palace. Each of the turrets has three turrets, each with a ruler shape in plan, standing on a square high platform. There is a horse path on the inside of the platform for going up and down. The two turrets in the northeast and northwest of the tile temple form a huge rectangle for guard purposes.
Kuiwen Pavilion
Entering the Dazhong Gate, you will face Tongwen Gate. The gatehouse is 5 rooms wide and 2 rooms deep. It has yellow tiles on the top of the mountain and a sparse layout of brackets. In the early Qing Dynasty, this sect was once called Shen Tongmen, but it was changed to this name after Shunzhi.
After passing Tongwen Gate, a high pavilion rises from the ground at the north end of the courtyard. Under the eaves, a wooden plaque surrounded by dragons has the three characters "Kuiwen Pavilion" written on it. It is famous for its rich collection of books and unique architecture. Confucian temple libraries at home and abroad.
Kuiwen Pavilion was built in the second year of Tianxi of the Song Dynasty (1018 AD) and was named the library of Jin Zhangzong. It was renamed Kuiwen Pavilion when it was renovated in the second year of Mingchang (1191 AD). Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty re-inscribed the plaque. Kui is the name of a star, one of the twenty-eight constellations. There are 16 stars at the head of the white tiger from the west. They are bent and hooked, like a painting of words. Therefore, the "Book of Filial Piety" calls Kui the main article, and later generations evolved Kui (Kui) star into a civil official. head. In order to praise Confucius, later feudal emperors named the library of the Confucius Temple Kuiwen Pavilion.
Kuiwen Pavilion is 23.35 meters high, 30.1 meters wide and 17.62 meters deep. It has a yellow tiled top, triple cornices and four floors. There are two floors inside, with a dark layer in the middle, and a laminated structure. Dowels are placed on the bottom wooden pillars, and upper wooden pillars are erected on the wooden pillars. Kuiwen Pavilion has a reasonable structure and is extremely strong. Since it was rebuilt in the 17th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1504), it has withstood hundreds of years of ups and downs and many earthquakes. Although the earthquake during the Kangxi period destroyed the human houses in Qufu, Nine have fallen, but one has survived, and the solid evidence of Kuiwen Pavilion is still intact and standing firm. It is worthy of being one of the famous ancient wooden structures in my country. The stone tablet in the stele pavilion in the west of the pavilion records the earthquake during the Kangxi period is circumstantial evidence that Kuiwen Pavilion is strong. There are two stone steles under the front porch of the pavilion. In the east is Kuiwen Pavilion Fu, which was written by the famous poet Li Dongyang in the Ming Dynasty and written by the famous calligrapher Qiao Zong; in the west is the Kuiwen Pavilion reset book record, which records that the Emperor Zhengde of the Ming Dynasty ordered the Ministry of Rites to renovate and bestow the book. hiding situation.
There are two imperial stele pavilions in front of Kuiwen Pavilion, and four imperial stele pavilions from the Ming Dynasty inside and outside the pavilion. Each building is more than 6 meters high and 2 meters wide, and the turtle foot under the monument is more than 1 meter high. The forehead of the monument is exquisitely carved with a coiled dragon, circling around the sun lifelike. Most of the inscriptions are about respecting Confucius. The Confucius Temple Monument was rebuilt in the open air in the southeast. It was established by Zhu Jianshen, Emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty. The inscription strongly praises the thoughts of Confucius. I only follow Confucius's way. He who has the world cannot be without it for a day. Written in regular script, the calligraphy style is dignified and the structure is rigorous. It is famous for its exquisite calligraphy. The stone stele was erected in the fourth year of Chenghua (AD 1468), and is commonly known as the Chenghua stele.
There are separate courtyards in the east and west of this courtyard, called Zhaisu, where worshipers fasted and bathed before offering sacrifices to Confucius. The east courtyard is the residence of Yan Shenggong. Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty worshiped Confucius and bathed here, also known as Zhuzhi. There is now an exhibition on Confucius' life and deeds. The West Courtyard was a place of worship for officials. It was abandoned in the middle of the Qing Dynasty and only the courtyard remains. During the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, Kong Zhaoxun, the 71st generation grandson of Confucius, placed more than 130 steles in the Confucius Temple dedicated to literati from the Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. The tablets are concentrated and inlaid on the walls of the courtyard, renamed the courtyard. The tablets are either smooth and unrestrained, elegant and free;
Thirteen Steles Pavilion
Past Kuiwen Pavilion is the sixth entrance courtyard of Confucius Temple. There are 13 stele pavilions standing in the long and narrow courtyard, 8 in the south and 5 in the north, arranged in two rows, with flying buckets, high eaves and teeth, yellow tiles shining with gold, row after row. The Thirteen Stele Pavilion was built specifically to preserve the imperial stone steles made by feudal emperors, and is commonly known as the Imperial Stele Pavilion. There are 55 steles in the pavilion, which were engraved in the seven dynasties of Tang, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing and the Republic of China. Most of the inscriptions on the inscriptions are records of the emperor's posthumous title, worship of relatives in temples, sending officials to pay tribute to Confucius, and renovation of temples. They are inscribed in Chinese, Basiba script (Mongolian in the Yuan Dynasty), Manchu and other languages.
The five stele pavilions in the north were built in the reigns of Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong. Among the eight pavilions in the south, four were built in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and the third and sixth pavilions from the east were built in the sixth year of Mingchang in the Jin Dynasty ( The fourth one was built in the fifth year of Yuan Zhiyuan (1268 AD), the fifth one was built in the sixth year of Dade of Yuan Dynasty (1302 AD), and the remaining four were built in the Qing Dynasty. The two square stele pavilions of the Jin Dynasty, with bold fighting styles and sparse layout, are the earliest existing buildings in the Confucius Temple.
Most of the stone tablets in each pavilion are decorated with turtle-like but not tortoise animals, named __ (bi, xi), which is said to be the son of the dragon. Legend has it that a dragon gave birth to nine sons, each with his or her own abilities. The sons were good at carrying heavy loads, so they were used to carry monuments. The earliest of the stele pavilions are two Tang steles. One is the stele of Confucius Xuanni given by the Tang Dynasty to Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty (668 AD), and the other is the 7th year of the Kaiyuan year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. (A.D. 719), the stele of Lu Kongfuzi Temple is located in the sixth stele pavilion of the Jin Dynasty from the east to the south row. The largest stone tablet was erected in the 25th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (AD 1686). It is located in the third stele pavilion from the east to the north row. This monument weighs about 35 tons, and together with the __ and water tray under the monument, it weighs about 65 tons. This stone was quarried from Xishan in Beijing. Under the technical conditions at that time, it was amazing that this monument could be safely transported to Qufu, thousands of miles away.
There are jungle-like monuments in the southeast and southwest of this courtyard. There are also a large number of carved stones in the red railings on the north wall, which were carved by emperors and ministers of all dynasties after they built the temple, visited the temple, and offered sacrifices to the temple. For example, from the perspective of calligraphy art, both real grass and official seal scripts have their own merits. There are also several stone steles that record the peasant uprisings such as the Red Turban Army in the late Yuan Dynasty, Liu Liu and Liu Qi in the mid-Ming Dynasty, and Xu Hongru in the late Ming Dynasty. They are rare and precious historical materials for studying the history of peasant revolution.
On both sides of the Thirteen Steles Pavilion, there is the Yucui Gate in the east and the Guande Gate in the west for people to enter and exit. They are called East and West Hua Gate after the name of the imperial palace. This is the third side door of Confucius Temple.
Dacheng Gate
To the north of the Thirteen Steles Pavilion, there is a Dacheng Gate with five gates in the middle. It is the seventh gate of the Confucius Temple.
Dacheng is Mencius’ evaluation of Confucius. He said: Confucius' so-called "gathering of great achievements" praises Confucius for reaching the highest state of gathering the great achievements of ancient sages and sages. Here, the five gates are wide open, dividing the Confucius Temple into three roads: the Chengsheng Gate in the east, where the ancestors of Confucius's last five generations are enshrined; the Qisheng Gate in the west, where Confucius' parents are enshrined; the middle road is the Dacheng Gate, with three gates standing side by side, with a golden sound on the left The door, the right side of the door is covered with jade. The golden sound is the sound of striking the bell, indicating the beginning of the music; the jade vibration is the sound of striking the chime, indicating the end of the music, and is used to symbolize the culmination of Confucius' thoughts collected by ancient sages. In the middle road, Confucius and his wife are worshipped, and the sages and Confucians of the past dynasties are also worshiped.
The Thirteen Steles Pavilion at the south end of Dachengmen was built successively since the Jin Dynasty. Skilled craftsmen made full use of traditional intrigue building techniques to cleverly solve the problem of architectural structure and space.
Xingtan
Xingtan is known as the place where Confucius lectured. The first record of Confucius setting up an apricot altar for teaching can be found in "Zhuangzi, Fisherman Chapter": Confucius wandered in the forest of canopies and rested on the apricot altar. However, there is no record of where the original site was. In the second year of Tianxi of the Song Dynasty (1018), Confucius's forty-fifth generation grandson Kong Dao assisted in the construction of the Confucius Temple. He moved the main hall to the back and expanded it. The original site of the main hall was used as an altar and was surrounded by apricots. It was named apricots. The Jin Dynasty began with the construction of a pavilion on the altar, and the famous scholar Dang Huaiying at that time wrote the seal script "Xing Tan".
The apricot altar is a cross-shaped ridge, surrounded by mountains, with yellow tiles and red railings, carved beams and painted pillars, and exquisite and gorgeous paintings. There is a carved stone incense burner in front of the altar, and several apricot trees beside the altar. In early spring, red flowers bloom. Shake. Emperor Qianlong once wrote a poem about it: It’s time for the flowers to bloom again. How can a few trees with crimson branches clustered in the east wind be compared to ordinary flowers in the world? Civilization will last forever in Chunxi.
Two verandas
The houses on the east and west sides of Dacheng Hall are called Liang verandas, which are places where later generations of sages and Confucians are worshiped. Such as Dong Zhongshu, Han Yu, Wang Yangming, etc. There were only more than 20 people in the Tang Dynasty. After increasing and replacing them in the past dynasties, by the time of the Republic of China, there were as many as 156 people. These people who were entitled to share were originally portraits, but were changed to statues in the Jin Dynasty. During the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, they were all changed to wooden tablets with their names written on them, and they were enshrined in shrines one after another. Stone carvings from past dynasties are now displayed in the two verandas.
The old juniper trees have been exposed to the rain and dew of the Zhou Dynasty, and the broken monuments are still Chinese articles. There are more than 40 stone inscriptions from the Han, Wei, Sui, Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties preserved in the East Veranda. The most precious ones are 22 stone inscriptions from the Han, Wei and Northern Dynasties. Among the stone carvings of the Western Han Dynasty, the five phoenixes are the most popular; in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the stone carvings of Ritual Vessels, Yi Ying, Kong Zhou, and Shi Chen are treasures of the official script; in the Northern Dynasty, the Zhang Menglong stele is the model of the Wei style. The more than 100 stone carvings of Han portraits displayed in the west verandah are also prestigious art treasures. These stone carvings are rich in content, including the green dragon, white tiger, red bird, and Xuanwu from myths and legends, as well as fishing, singing and dancing, acrobatics, medical practice, and hunting that reflect the social life at that time. They are precious materials for studying the social life of the Han Dynasty in my country. Some of the stone carving techniques are delicate and exquisite, while others are rough and unrestrained, each with its own style. The 584 Yuhonglou stone carvings displayed in the north of the two verandas were carefully copied by Kong Jishu, a descendant of Confucius, who collected the handwritings of famous calligraphers from past dynasties during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. These stone carvings were originally abandoned under the Yuhong Tower of the Twelfth Mansion in Qufu. They were moved to the Confucius Temple in 1951 and mounted and displayed in 1964 for calligraphy enthusiasts to appreciate.
Dacheng Hall
Looking north from the Apricot Altar, a golden hall stands abruptly in the sky on the platform of a double-layered stone railing. A sea-blue vertical plaque on the double eaves is decorated with wood carvings. The golden dragons tightly guard the Dacheng Hall with three golden characters. The characters are 1 meter in diameter and are handwritten by Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty.
Dacheng Hall is the main hall of the Confucius Temple. It is 24.8 meters high, 45.78 meters wide and 24.89 meters deep. It has double eaves with nine ridges, yellow tiles and flying rafts, surrounded by cloisters. It is the same as the Taihe Hall of the Forbidden City and the Dai Temple of Song Tiankuang. The halls are collectively known as the Three Great Halls of the East. The structure of the main hall is simple and neat, with double eaves flying up, staggered buckets, carved beams and painted buildings, and magnificent splendor. The caisson purlins are decorated with cloud and dragon patterns, wrapped with gold foil, surrounded by auspicious clouds and flying dragons. There are 28 dragon-carved stone pillars surrounding the corridors, all carved from solid stone. The column is 5.98 meters high and 0.81 meters in diameter. The base of the lotus column is covered with heavy layers of treasures. It was originally carved by Huizhou craftsmen in the 13th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1500). It was re-engraved after the fire in the second year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty. The 18 octagonal shallowly carved stone pillars on the two mountains and the back eaves are decorated with cloud dragons. Each side is lightly carved with 9 dragons, 72 on each pillar. The careful craftsman recorded the total number of carved dragons on the stone pillars,* **1296 items. The 10 pillars on the front eaves are deep reliefs. Each pillar has two dragons flying opposite each other, coiling and rising, with orbs engraved in the middle and cloud flames surrounding them. The bases of the pillars are decorated with rocks and lined with waves. There are 10 dragon pillars facing each other, each with its own changes. No one is the same, the shape is beautiful and vivid, the carving is exquisite and clear, the sword technique is strong and powerful, and the dragon's posture is lifelike. This is a unique stone carving art treasure in Qufu. It is said that when Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty came to Qufu to worship Confucius, the stone pillars were wrapped in red silk, so that they were not allowed to be seen by the emperor, for fear that the emperor would be blamed for exceeding the palace. The architectural art of Dacheng Hall shows the talent and wisdom of our country's working people. Guo Moruo once praised it.
The statue of Confucius is enshrined in the middle of Dacheng Hall. It sits 3.35 meters high, wears a twelve-pin crown, wears twelve chapters of royal robes, and holds a Zhengui in his hand, just like the ancient emperor's etiquette. There are four couples on both sides. Those in the east and west are Fu Sheng Yan Hui and Shu Sheng Kong_, and those in the west and east are Zong Shen and Ya Sheng Meng Ke. The outer ones are the twelve philosophers, those to the east are Min Sun, Ran Yong, Duanmu Ci, Zhong You, Bu Shang, and Youruo, and those to the east are Ran Geng, Zaiyu, Ran Qiu, Yan Yan, and Zhuan Sun. Teacher, Zhu Xi. The four statues sit 2.6 meters high, and the twelve philosophers sit 2 meters high. They all wear nine crowns, nine chapters, clothes, and hold bows and bows in their hands, just like the ancient public etiquette system. The statues are all placed in wooden gilded shrines. The Confucius statue is in a single shrine, with thirteen steps on the bucket. Each of the two pillars in front of the shrine is carved with a descending dragon, circling around the pillars, with vivid postures, exquisite carvings, and extremely exquisite. Four pairs of twelve philosophers, two in a niche, each with nine steps and fighting. In front of the niche, there are offering tables, incense tables, and ritual utensils such as bamboo slips, beans, and jue used in sacrifices. The hall also displays Zhong and Shao music instruments and dance sets used to worship Confucius. There are 10 plaques and 3 couplets hanging outside the hall. In the middle of the door is a plaque inscribed by Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty. In the middle of the hall are a plaque inscribed by Emperor Kangxi of "Eternal Master" and by Emperor Guangxu of "Si Wen Zai Zi". On the south side, There are plaques inscribed by Emperor Qianlong such as Shi Zhongji and so on. Each plaque is more than 6 meters long and 2.6 meters high. It is carved with dragons and gilded, and is exquisite and gorgeous.
The hall is built on a two-story platform with a terrace in front. It is more than 2 meters high, about 4.5 meters wide from east to west, and about 35 meters deep from north to south. It has an engraved Xumi stone base and double-layered stone railings. There are stone chi heads under the lotus columns on the ground floor, and there are two relief dragons in the middle of the south. The terrace is a place for singing and dancing during sacrifices. Nowadays, on the birthday of Confucius (the 28th day of the ninth lunar month), sacrificial music and dance - the Bayi Dance - are performed.
Bedroom Hall
Turn back along the cloister of Dacheng Hall, surrounded by tiers of railings, and another double-eaves hall stands. It is the sleeping hall of one of the three major buildings of Confucius Temple (the other two major buildings are Kui Wen Pavilion and Dacheng Hall) are special temples dedicated to Qi Guan, the wife of Confucius.
The dormitory is 7 rooms wide and 4 rooms deep, each room is painted with gold, the purlins with flying dragons and the caisson phoenix are all made of gold foil, and the 22 eaves stone pillars in the cloister are lightly carved with phoenixes and peonies, just like the queen's palace system. . The wooden carvings of dragons and phoenixes in the shrine in the temple are extremely exquisite. There is a wooden plaque in the shrine, which is inscribed on the status of the wife of the holy saint.
Qi Guan, the ceremonial monument maker Bing Guan, was born in the Song Dynasty. He married Confucius at the age of 19 and died seven years before Confucius. There are few records of her situation in ancient books. It was not until the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu (AD 1008) that she was posthumously named Mrs. Yun Guo by Zhao Heng, Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty. In the third year of Yuan Zhishun (AD 1332), she was also named Dachengzhi. The wife of King Sheng Wenxuan, in the eighth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1529 AD), Confucius changed her name to the Most Holy Master, and she was also called the Most Holy Master's wife. After the death of Confucius, the hall where Confucius lived became a temple, and the Qi Guan family was worshiped together with Confucius. In the Tang Dynasty, there was a special temple for sleeping halls. There were statues in the early days. When it was rebuilt after the Yongzheng Fire in the Qing Dynasty, it was already a tablet for the god, with a wood carving on it. A shrine with an offering table in front of it.
Sacred Relics Hall
The Holy Relics Hall is a hall named after the stone comic strips that record the life events of Confucius. This hall is located behind the dormitory hall and forms a separate courtyard. It is the last ninth courtyard of the Confucius Temple. The palace was built in the 20th year of Wanli reign in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1529) by He Chuguang, the censor. The Confucius Temple originally had woodcut pictures reflecting the deeds of Confucius. He suggested changing them to stone carvings. Yang Zhi painted and carved the stones and embedded them on the inner walls of the temple. These are 120 pictures of sacred sites.
Each of the sacred relic pictures is about 38 cm wide and 60 cm long. The sacred relics they represent start from Yan’s mother praying to give birth to Confucius in Nishan to Confucius’s son’s tomb in Lu after his death. The great ancestor Liu Bang and Song Zhenzong Zhao Heng used Tailao to commemorate Confucius. Among them are the well-known main activities and remarks of Confucius in his life, such as the people of Song Dynasty felling trees and the harsh government was fiercer than tigers. It is my country's first comic book with complete character stories and has high historical and artistic value.
In the Holy Relics Hall, facing the stone carvings written by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty are the "Eternity Master". In the center below the word is a portrait of Confucius painted by the great painter Wu Daozi of the Tang Dynasty as a Lu Sikou. On the left is a portrait of the sage painted by the famous painter Gu Kaizhi of the Jin Dynasty. It is known as Xiaoying of Confucius. It is said that "Xiaoying" is the most realistic among the portraits of Confucius and is closest to Confucius. Original appearance. Kong Duanyou, the forty-eighth generation of Confucius, copied the three stones in the second year of Shaosheng in the Song Dynasty (AD 1095); on the right is a portrait of Confucius painted by Wu Daozi. Confucius sat on the bench, with his disciples waiting on the left and right. Kong Zong, the forty-sixth generation of Confucius, lived long enough in the Song Dynasty. In the second year of Shao's reign, it was carved on the stone. On these portraits, there are imperial praises from emperors such as Song Taizu and Song Zhenzong, as well as year titles and inscriptions such as Shaosheng and Zhenghe of the Song Dynasty. In the hall, there are also the great seal script of Confucius by Mi Fu, a calligrapher of the Song Dynasty, and imperial steles of Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty.